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GPTZero

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Not to be confused with ZeroGPT.
GPTZero
Developer(s)Edward Tian
Alex Cui
Initial release3 January 2023; 22 months ago (2023-01-03)
Written inPython
PlatformCloud computing
Websitegptzero.me

GPTZero is an AI-generated content detection system developed to identify and analyze artificially generated text, specifically focusing on text produced by AI language models such as GPT-3.[1]

As the prevalence of AI-generated content increases, GPTZero was designed to help maintain trust and accuracy in the digital domain by distinguishing between artificial intelligence and human-generated material.[2][3]

Development

GPTZero was developed by Edward Tian, a Princeton University undergraduate student, and launched online in January 2023 in response to concerns about AI-generated content in academia and its potential impact on plagiarism.[4][5][6] Leveraging machine learning techniques and NLP algorithms, GPTZero is capable of analyzing and classifying content with accuracy.[7]

The development process involved collaboration with AI experts and extensive testing on various datasets, including AI-generated content from GPT-3 and human-generated content.[8] GPTZero has received attention from academic institutions, news outlets, and the broader AI community for its ability to detect AI-generated content, which is essential for ensuring the integrity of academic work and other text-based content.[9]

Functionality

GPTZero uses perplexity and burstiness to determine if a passage was written by a bot.

In order to properly understand what constitutes "perplexity" and "burstiness," artificial intelligence has been trained through the analysis of an incredibly large amount of human work.[10]

Perplexity is how random the text in the sentence is, and whether the way the sentence is constructed is unusual or "surprising" for the application. It relies on language models, and the more such models, the higher the chance that the text was not written by a person.[11]

Burstiness compares sentences with each other, determining their similarity. Human text is more discontinuous, meaning we tend to write with more sentence variation than AI. Thus, if this variability does not correspond to the needed level, there is a high probability that the text is artificially composed.[12]

GPTZero is functional at several levels, starting from documentary (general text analysis) and ending with a narrower one, when you can check the likelihood of using AI at the sentence level. This, in turn, does not always indicate directly that the amount of artificially created text prevails over human writing, but, nevertheless, it indicates the area in which an attempt to apply GPTZero should be sought. [2]

Use Cases and Applications

GPTZero Case Study: Models and Exploits:

On 1 February 2023, the team of GPTZero found a possible GPTZero exploit, named "GPTZero By-passer", through TikTok. Key letters in the essay text were changed by the by-passer program to Cyrillic, which appears the same to humans but is radically different to computers. The team decided to look into this exploit.[13]

First, they used ChatGPT to create a few paragraphs of AI text and then ran it through the  GPTZero by-passer software. The text generated, was then copied and inserted into GPTZero.[13]

Initially, the exploit succeeded in tricking GPTZero.

On February 2, the by-passer exploit was fixed as part of one of their routine model upgrades. The update altered the by-passer's character token changing mechanism. [13]

GPTZero now recognizes the texts as AI produced, even with the by-passer update.[13]

Reception and Impact

The academic community has particularly benefited from GPTZero, where concerns about AI-generated content for plagiarism have grown.[12] To maintain academic integrity and guarantee student work's originality, educators and institutions all over the world have adopted the tool.[11][10] Notable educational institutions, including Princeton University, have discussed the use of GPTZero to combat AI-generated content in academic settings .[6][14]

Media outlets such as NPR, The Washington Post, and The Guardian have covered GPTZero's capabilities and the role it plays in combating AI-generated content, particularly in academic settings.[15][8][1][16] These articles have increased public awareness of the challenges AI-generated content poses and the importance of tools like GPTZero.

The development of GPTZero has had a notable impact on the broader AI detection landscape. It demonstrates the need for effective tools to identify AI-generated content and has sparked discussions on the future of AI authorship detection and the importance of refining such technologies.[7][17] GPTZero's influence has also led to the creation of similar tools and services for detecting AI-generated content.[18]

The tool has been featured in several case studies exploring models and exploits of AI detection, offering insights into its methodology and potential improvements.[19][20] GPTZero's official blog and Substack newsletter share updates, case studies, and analyses of the tool's performance, keeping users informed of its ongoing development and impact.

Future Developments

GPTZero has demonstrated significant progress in AI content detection.[21][22] The company has outlined several future developments and enhancements to its technology. These include:

Expansion of Detection Capabilities: GPTZero aims to continuously improve its AI detection capabilities by refining its algorithms, incorporating advanced machine learning techniques, and expanding its training data to cover a wider range of content types and languages.[22]

Integration of New Technologies: GPTZero is exploring the integration of new technologies, such as natural language processing and computer vision, to enhance its content detection capabilities. This will enable GPTZero to detect and identify AI-generated content in various forms, including text, images, and videos.[22]

Collaboration and Partnerships: GPTZero recognizes the importance of collaboration and partnerships in advancing the field of AI content detection. The company actively seeks collaborations with academic institutions, research organizations, and industry partners to foster knowledge exchange and contribute to the development of more robust content detection solutions.[22]

User-Friendly Tools and Plugins: GPTZero is committed to providing user-friendly tools and plugins that empower individuals and organizations to effectively detect AI-generated content. This includes the development of browser plugins, software integrations, and APIs that can be easily incorporated into existing content management systems and platforms.[21]

Enhanced Accuracy and Efficiency: GPTZero aims to continuously improve the accuracy and efficiency of its AI detection algorithms. Through ongoing research and development efforts, the company seeks to minimize false positives and false negatives, ensuring reliable and precise identification of AI-generated content.[21]

Doubts and criticisms

There are some doubts as to whether it is technically possible to detect text written by an AI large language model. [23]

In a March 2023 paper Can AI-Generated Text be Reliably Detected? [24], computer scientists Vinu Sankar Sadasivan, Aounon Kumar, Sriram Balasubramanian, Wenxiao Wang, and Soheil Feizi from the University of Maryland demonstrate empirically and theoretically that several AI-text detectors are not reliable in practical scenarios. Accordingly, discretion is strongly recommended when teachers and analysts are using GPTZero and other AI text-detection tools to establish if any given prose has been written by an AI text generator.

See Also

References

  1. ^ a b "GPTZERO: A New Tool to Detect AI-Generated Content in ChatGPT". The Washington Post.
  2. ^ a b "What is GPTZERO? Detecting AI-generated Content". ILovePhD.
  3. ^ "How apps like GPTZero detect content written by A.I." CNBC. 2023-07-24. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
  4. ^ "How a 23-year-old college student built one of the leading AI detection tools". Business Insider. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
  5. ^ "Explained: What is GPTZero, how it works and how can it be used". The Times of India. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
  6. ^ a b "Edward Tian's GPTZERO Software Aims to Detect AI-Generated Plagiarism". The Daily Princetonian.
  7. ^ a b "GPTZERO: An App to Detect AI Authorship". The New Stack.
  8. ^ a b "GPTZERO: A New AI Detector Aims to Combat ChatGPT Plagiarism". NPR. 2023-01-09.
  9. ^ "Artificial Intelligence, ChatGPT, GPTZERO, and Higher Education". Princeton Alumni Weekly.
  10. ^ a b "What is GPTZERO? The ChatGPT Detection Tool Explained". Tech Learning.
  11. ^ a b "AI Detector for Educators: What is GPTZERO?". Jumpstart Magazine.
  12. ^ a b Tribune.com.pk. "GPTZero: A ChatGPT Detection Tool". The Express Tribune.
  13. ^ a b c d Tian, Edward (7 February 2023). "GPTZero Case Study: Models and Exploits". GPTZero.
  14. ^ "GPTZero to help teachers deal with ChatGPT-generated student essays". The Indian Express. 2023-01-12. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
  15. ^ "What to do when you're accused of AI cheating". Washington Post. 2023-08-14. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
  16. ^ "College student claims app can detect essays written by chatbot ChatGPT". The Guardian.
  17. ^ "GPTZERO: An app to detect AI authorship". Lexology.
  18. ^ "A holistic approach to avoid and detect AI-generated content in your submissions program". Award Force.
  19. ^ "GPTZERO case study: Models and exploits". GPTZERO Substack.
  20. ^ "GPTZERO Blogs". GPTZERO.
  21. ^ a b c "This AI detection tool raised $3.5 million to check the internet for computer-generated work". Fast Company. 2023.
  22. ^ a b c d Shrivastava, Rashi. "With Seed Funding Secured, AI Detection Tool GPTZero Launches New Browser Plugin". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-05-17.
  23. ^ "No reliable way to detect AI-generated text, boffins sigh". The Register. 2023-03-21. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
  24. ^ Vinu Sankar Sadasivan; Kumar, Aounon; Balasubramanian, Sriram; Wang, Wenxiao; Feizi, Soheil (2023-03-17). "Can AI-Generated Text be Reliably Detected?". arXiv:2303.11156 [cs.CL].
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