Jump to content

Perennial candidate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Cimoi (talk | contribs) at 01:28, 11 October 2023 (France: correct link). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Mike The Mover has run for various offices under various political affiliations on 17 occasions to promote his furniture moving business.

A perennial candidate is a political candidate who frequently runs for elected office and rarely, if ever, wins.[1] The existence of perennial candidates lies in the fact that in some countries, there are no laws that limit a number of times a person can run for office, or laws that impose a non-negligible financial penalty on registering to run for election.[2]

Definition

A number of modern articles related to electoral politics or elections have identified those who have run for elected office and lost two to three times, and then decide to mount a campaign again as perennial candidates.[3][4][5] However, some articles have listed a number of notable exceptions.[2][6]

Some who have had their campaign applications rejected by their country's electoral authority multiple times have also been labelled as perennial candidates.[7]

Reason for running

It has been noted that some perennial candidates take part in an election with the aim of winning,[3][8] and some do have ideas to convey on the campaign trail, regardless of their chance for winning.[2][9] Others have names similar to known candidates, and hope that the confusion will lead to success.

Some perennial candidates may mount a run as a way to help strengthen their party's standing in a parliamentary body, in an effort to become kingmaker in the event of a political stalemate.[10]

Some perennial candidates have been accused of running for office continuously as a way to get public election funding.[11] Some have also been accused of being backed by the government of their country, in an effort to make the government appear more rational in comparison.[12]

Americas

Argentina

Brazil

Due to the complex and intricate political system in Brazil concerning political parties, there are more than 30 political parties. In this scenario, it is very useful to have hopeless candidates who can make a good number of votes and increase the overall votes count of a party (or coalition). As a consequence, there are thousands of small perennial candidates for local elections around the country, whose sole purpose is helping others get elected, then ask for a job in the elected government cabinet.[original research?]

  • José Maria Eymael, a fringe political figure, ran for the Presidency six times (1998, 2006, 2010, 2014, 2018 and 2022); he failed to reach 1% of the votes in any of those. He also unsuccessfully ran for mayor of São Paulo in 1985 and 1992, though he won two terms on the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil, from 1987 to 1995.
  • Rui Costa Pimenta, leader and founder of the Trotskyist Workers' Cause Party (PCO), ran for the Presidency in 2002, 2010 and 2014 (his candidacy in 2006 was blocked by the Superior Electoral Court). He was last in all his runs, with his best performance being 0.04% of the votes in 2002.
  • Vera Guasso, labor union leader and member of the Unified Socialist Workers Party (PSTU), ran for the Porto Alegre city assembly, mayor of Porto Alegre, the Brazilian Senate and other positions in a non-stop serial candidacy (every two years) from the early 90s on. In her best results, she had numbers of votes in local Porto Alegre elections similar to those of lesser-voted elected candidates but did not get a seat due to her party's overall voting being small. PSTU traditionally enters elections with no visible chance to, allegedly, "put a leftist set of points in discussion" and "build the party" but has lately achieved some expressive numbers.[citation needed]
  • Enéas Carneiro, a cardiologist and founder of the far-right Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order (PRONA), ran for presidency three times, in 1989, 1994 and 1998. He was mostly known for his comical style of speech on political broadcasts (due in part to the reduced TV time his party had) and his distinct beard. He also ran for mayor in São Paulo at the 2000 elections, before finally being elected federal deputy in 2002 with record voting. He was re-elected in 2006 but died in 2007 from myeloid leukemia.
  • José Maria de Almeida, leader of the Trotskyist United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU), ran for the Presidency on four occasions: 1998, 2002, 2010 and 2014. His best performance was in 2002 when he got 0.47% of the votes.
  • Levy Fidelix, leader and founder of the conservative Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (PRTB), ran for all municipal and general elections held in Brazil from 1996 to 2020. He was twice candidate for the Presidency (in 2010 and 2014), twice candidate for the Government of São Paulo (in 1998 and 2002) and five times candidate for the Prefecture of São Paulo (in 1996, 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2020), never being elected for any position in his political career. He succumbed to COVID-19 on April 23, 2021.

Canada

Chile

Colombia

  • Horacio Serpa Uribe, three-times Liberal Party's presidential candidate (1998, 2002, 2006).
  • Antanas Mockus, two-times presidential candidate (2006, 2010), one-time vicepresidential candidate (1998).
  • Noemí Sanín, three-times Conservative Party's presidential candidate (1998, 2002, 2010).
  • Álvaro Gómez Hurtado, three times Conservative Party's presidential candidate (1974, 1986, 1990).
  • Enrique Peñalosa, five-times Bogotá's mayor candidate (1994, 1997, 2007, 2011, 2015), one-time senatorial candidate (2006), one-time presidential candidate (2014).
  • Sergio Fajardo, two-times presidential candidate (2018, 2022), one-time vice presidential candidate (2010).
  • Regina 11, three-times presidential candidate (1986, 1990, 1994).

Costa Rica

Ecuador

  • Álvaro Noboa ran unsuccessfully for president in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2009 and 2013; he attempted to run for president in 2021 but his candidacy was suspended by the electoral authorities due to an alleged violation of registration requirements.

Mexico

  • Nicolás Zúñiga y Miranda was a presidential candidate 10 times: 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904, 1910, 1911, 1913, 1917, 1920 and 1924 and also tried to run for a seat in the Congress of Mexico at least twice. The eccentric Zúñiga never got more than a few votes, but always claimed to have been the victim of fraud and considered himself to be the legitimate President.
  • Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas was a presidential candidate three times: 1988, 1994 and 2000, also was elected the first Head of Government of Mexico City in 1997, was the leader of PRD, the left-wing mayor party and was Governor of the state of Michoacan.
  • Andrés Manuel López Obrador ran unsuccessfully for president two times, in 2006 and 2012, before being elected president in 2018. He failed to acknowledge the results of his first presidential loss in 2006, protesting for months in the capital of the country during the aftermath.

Paraguay

  • Domingo Laíno ran unsuccessfully for president three times: 1989, 1993, and 1998. His best performance was in 1998, with 43.88% of the votes.
  • Efraín Alegre was a presidential candidate three times: 2013 and 2018, and 2023. His best performance was in 2018, with 45.08% of the votes.

Peru

  • Roger Cáceres, FRENATRACA presidential candidate in 1980 with 2% of the vote, 1985 with 2% of the vote and 1990 with 1.3% of the vote.
  • Ezequiel Ataucusi, FREPAP presidential candidate in 1990 with 1.1% of the vote, in 1995 with 0.8% of votes and in 2000 with 0.75% of votes.
  • Ricardo Noriega, presidential candidate for All for Victory in 2001 with 0.31% of the vote and for Desperate National in 2011 with 0.15% of the vote. He was also a candidate from Independent Civic Union for senator in 1990.
  • Andrés Alcántara, presidential candidate of Direct Democracy in 2021 with 0.29% of the vote. He also was not elected as a congressman in the 2000 elections, 2016 and 2020, and as Mayor of Santiago de Chuco.
  • Ciro Gálvez ran unsuccessfully for president three times in 2001, 2006 and the most recent in 2021 and ran unsuccessfully for Governor twice in 2002 and 2006.
  • Keiko Fujimori, the daughter of former president Alberto Fujimori ran unsuccessfully for president three times in 2011, 2016 and 2021, each time losing in the run-off.
  • Jaime Salinas, candidate for mayor of Lima in 2002 and 2018 and presidential in 2006, without being elected and with low percentages such as 0.53% in the 2006 presidential elections and 3.5% in the 2018 municipal elections.
  • Verónika Mendoza, ran unsuccessfully for president in 2016 and 2021, did not qualify for the run-off in both rounds
  • Fernando Olivera ran unsuccessfully for president four times in 2001, 2006, 2016 and 2021 in which in 2006, he withdrew from the race and in 2021, his candidacy was rejected.
  • Máximo San Román ran for the vice presidency four times between 1990, 1995, 2006 and 2011 in which, in 1990, he was successful and ran for the presidency on in 2000.

United States

Africa

Benin

Gambia

Ghana

Kenya

  • Raila Odinga leader of Orange Democratic Movement has been on the ballot five times—1997, 2007, 2013, 2017 and 2022 losing every single time . Prior to that and under the old Kenyan Constitution, Raila was a member of parliament for the Lang'ata Constituency Raila who is referred to as 'Baba' by his followers.

Mozambique

Nigeria

Atiku Abubakar ran for president in 1993, 2007, 2015, 2019 and 2023.

Senegal

Seychelles

Tanzania

Zambia

Asia

Hong Kong

  • Avery Ng
  • Bull Tsang
  • Frederick Fung, initially gained success in almost every election, including District Council, Urban Council and Legislative Council election since 1983. However, since 2015, Fung faced consecutive failures in every election he participated, including 2015 (District Council), 2016 (Legislative Council), March 2018 (Democratic Primary), November 2018 (Legislative Council By-election) and 2019 (District Council). He lost popularity because of his unwillingness to retire, as the Pro-democracy supporters having negative feelings on gerontocracy.
  • Christine Fong, has run for Legislative elections five times since 2008, but failed every time.

India

Indonesia

Iran

Israel

Japan

  • Bin Akao ran in numerous elections for his Greater Japan Patriotic Party until 1989, one year prior to his death.
  • Mac Akasaka, real name Makoto Tonami, was a candidate for many political offices, especially the governor of Tokyo 2012,[25] 2016[26] and mayor of Osaka in 2014.[27]
  • Yūtokutaishi Akiyama, an engraver artist, photographer, was a candidate for Governor of Tokyo 1975 and 1979, bringing pop art into the process.
  • Teruki Gotō was a candidate for Mayor of Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo (2013),[28] City Assembly of Chiyoda (2015),[29] and the Governor of Tokyo (2016).[26]
  • Hideyoshi Seizo Hashiba ran in numerous elections from 1976 to 2011.
  • Mitsuo Matayoshi (alias Jesus Matayoshi), leader of the World Economic Community Party and self-proclaimed Messiah, has run in at least nine local and national elections since 1997.
  • Yoshiro Nakamatsu (alias Dr. NakaMats), inventor and perennial candidate in Tokyo, has unsuccessfully campaigned to be elected Governor of Tokyo numerous times since 1995, most recently in 2014.[30]

Philippines

Singapore

Taiwan

Turkey

Europe

Cyprus

Czech Republic

  • Jana Bobošíková is known for a series of unsuccessful candidatures in various elections. She unsuccessfully ran two times for President of the Czech Republic (2008 and 2013), the Chamber of Deputies (2010 and 2013), the Senate (2010 and 2012), Mayor of Prague (2010) and general manager of Czech Television (2009).
  • Petr Hannig is the leader of Party of Common Sense. Since 2002, he has repeatedly run for the Chamber of Deputies and Senate.[33][34] He also ran for Czech presidency in 2018 election.,[35] but failed as well, ending last but one with 0.57% of votes. He also wanted to run in 2023 presidential election but failed to get nomination.[36]
  • Miroslav Sládek ran for the Czechoslovak presidency in 1992. After dissolution of Czechoslovakia he sought the Czech presidency in 1993, 1998 and 2018.[37] He withdrawn from 2018 election due to failure of his party in the 2017 legislative election.[38]
  • Jan Švejnar unsuccessfully ran for the Czech presidency in 2008. He also ran for the position in 2013 but withdrew. He planned to run for the office in 2018 but he did not receive political support. Some politicians noted that Švejnar lives in the United States and "shows up in the Czech Republic only when there is a presidential election."[39]

Finland

France

Germany

Helmut Palmer's house in Geradstetten boasted some of his German election percentages.
  • Helmut Palmer (1930–2004) stood without any success for about 250 elections as mayor in villages and cities in southwestern Germany and various times as independent candidate for the Bundestag.[40] His son Boris Palmer became mayor of Tübingen.

Iceland

  • Ástþór Magnússon is an Icelandic businessman and politician who unsuccessfully campaigned for the post of President of Iceland five times; in 1996, 2000, 2004, 2012 and 2016.

Ireland

Italy

  • Marco Pannella is described by many as a perennial candidate, even though he was actually elected multiple times as a member of the Italian Parliament, the European Parliament, and the municipal councils of a handful of cities.

Malta

  • Nazzareno Bonniċi, known more in Malta by the affectionate nickname 'Żaren tal-Ajkla', part of his tongue-in-cheek unregistered Partit tal-Ajkla (en. Eagle Party), has been a perennial candidate in the 2013, 2017[42] and 2022[43][44] Maltese general elections, and the 2004, 2009, 2014 and 2019 European Parliament elections in Malta. In a surprise move that later had the Maltese media speculate and overestimate his probable success, thousands showed up for Nazzareno's mass meeting in preparation for the 2013 general election held front of the Parish Church in Żabbar, the town where he resides.[45] He only received 47 votes, amounting to 0.02% of the Maltese electorate, in the 2013 election. He would receive 71 votes in the 2022 general election, amounting to 0.00019% of the Maltese electorate.[44]

Netherlands

Poland

  • Janusz Korwin-Mikke unsuccessfully ran for President five times (1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015). He also unsuccessfully ran for Polish parliament nine times (1993, 1997, 2001, 2004 (two times, by-elections for Senate), 2005, 2007, 2013 and 2015), for European Parliament (2004, 2019), four times for regional assemblies (2002, 2006, 2007, 2010) and three times for President of Warsaw (2006, 2010, 2018). However, in 2014 he was elected for member of European Parliament and, in 2019, after a 26-year break, for member of Sejm, starting from Confederation Liberty and Independence list.
  • Kornel Morawiecki unsuccessfully ran for President three times in 1990, 2010 and 2015, achieving necessary 100,000 signatures to be registered as candidate only in 2010. He also unsuccessfully ran for Sejm in 1991, and for Senate in 2007. Eventually, he succeeded for the first time when he became an MP in 2015.

Romania

  • Corneliu Vadim Tudor, former president and founder of PRM, unsuccessfully ran for President five times in 1996, 2000, 2004, 2009 and 2014. His biggest score was in 2000 when he gained 33.2% in the second round against Ion Iliescu.

Russia

Slovakia

United Kingdom

Oceania

Australia

New Zealand

References

  1. ^ Zeitz, Josh (February 8, 2015). "The Death of the Three-Time Candidate". Politico Magazine. Retrieved August 27, 2021. ...Harold Stassen is remembered as the "Grand Old Party's Grand Old Loser"—the onetime "Boy Governor" who ran for president 10 times between 1948 and 1992—a "perennial, never-say-die candidate" whose quixotic, lifetime quest for the White House obscured an otherwise brilliant public career.
  2. ^ a b c Brown, Chris (September 29, 2015). "Canada election 2015: Perennial candidates make running and losing a full-time job". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
  3. ^ a b Weeks, Linton (September 23, 2011). "Also-Rans: What Drives The Perennial Candidates?". NPR. Retrieved August 28, 2021. For the purposes of this story, we are defining the perennial presidential candidate as someone who runs for — and loses — the race to the White House at least twice. And then runs again.
  4. ^ "Iran's presidential election: Who the candidates are". BBC News. May 28, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2021. [Mohsen Rezai] has stood three times as president, and never held public office, having also failed in a bid to be elected to parliament in 2000. He is commonly referred to as a "perennial candidate".
  5. ^ Samuels, Alex; Radcliffe, Mary (June 9, 2021). "Most Candidates Take The Hint After Two Losses. Why Won't Beto O'Rourke and Charlie Crist?". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved August 28, 2021. ...both O'Rourke and Crist are risking their political credibility if they run again and lose, as they've already failed to win two consecutive runs for office. Even worse, they could be marked as perennial candidates.
  6. ^ Zeitz, Josh (February 8, 2015). "The Death of the Three-Time Candidate". Politico Magazine. Retrieved August 27, 2021. Henry Clay, whom Abraham Lincoln called his "beau ideal of a statesman," ran for president four times. No one remembers him as a joke. William Jennings Bryan was a three-time Democratic presidential nominee. Also not a joke. Adlai Stevenson, twice nominated. Hubert Humphrey, Stassen's fellow Minnesotan, ran three times. Ronald Reagan lost the GOP nomination in 1968 and 1976 before his victory in 1980. Definitely not a joke.
  7. ^ Kenyon, Peter (May 31, 2021). "Iran's Presidential Candidate Slate Leans Heavily Toward Hard-Liners". NPR. Retrieved August 29, 2021. ...a former president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, was rejected again. He's becoming known as a perennial candidate.
  8. ^ Bor, Jonathan (October 2, 2005). "Perennial candidate 'always ran to win'". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
  9. ^ Gardner, Steven (May 20, 2008). "Perennial Candidate Says It's Not About Winning". Kitsap Sun. Bremerton, Washington: Gannett. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
  10. ^ "港报社评:宋楚瑜明知会输一定要赢" [Hong Kong Newspaper Editorial: James Soong knows he will lost, but he must win]. Hong Kong Economic Journal (in Simplified Chinese). Reuters. Retrieved August 28, 2021. 宋楚瑜这位人所称颂的「政治精算师」胜算渺茫,他自己肯定比谁都清楚,那他为什么还要明知不可为而为之?最合理的推测是宋楚瑜企图成为足以左右大局的关键少数派,选总统第四次落败不重要,重要的是利用曝光机会拉抬他一手创立的亲民党,争取最多的立委席位,假如下届立法院选举一如预料蓝营绿营皆不过半,高举非蓝非绿旗帜的第三势力有望荣膺造王者。(The winning odds of James Soong, a man praised by people as a 'political calculator,' are slim, and he certainly knows that better than any other person, but why is he doing what he knows cannot happen? The most reasonable assumption is he is trying to be a key minority. Losing the presidency four times is not important. The most important thing is he uses his exposure to lift the election results of the People First Party he founded, and win more parliamentary seats. If the next Legislative Yuan election does, as predicted, create a situation with neither the pan-blue and pan-green camps have a majority, the non-blue, non-green camp can become the kingmaker)
  11. ^ "宋楚瑜選不停為補助款? 施明德:難免會聯想到" [James Song is running non-stop for public election money? Shih Ming-teh: it's hard not to imagine]. NOWNews (in Traditional Chinese). Taipei, Republic of China (Taiwan). September 7, 2015. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
  12. ^ Ludwig, Jonathan Z. (March 14, 2018). "The Illusion of Russian Elections and Russian Power" (PDF). SAGE International Australia. p. 2. Retrieved August 29, 2021. Perennial candidate and leader of the LDPR Vladimir Zhirinovsky, long thought to be funded by the Kremlin to make them look rational by comparison, is once again on the ballot.
  13. ^ Moro, Teviah (June 10, 2016). "Michael Baldasaro, Hamilton's high priest of pot, dead at 67". The Hamilton Spectator.
  14. ^ Caggs, Samantha (June 9, 2016). "Michael Baldasaro, marijuana activist and mayoral candidate, dies at 67". CBC Hamilton.
  15. ^ "Popescu charged for comments on gays". Sudbury Star, March 6, 2009.
  16. ^ "Candidate wants apology, NDP to dump Pat Martin for 'son of a bitch' comment". CBC News. Winnipeg. September 18, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
  17. ^ "Nominated Candidates – Election 2018 – City of Winnipeg". City of Winnipeg. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
  18. ^ POLL-POURRI[usurped] The Hindu – May 3, 2004
  19. ^ "Infographic: Dr K Padmarajan: The man who contested 199 elections | India News – Times of India". The Times of India. March 30, 2019.
  20. ^ 3 Kali Kalah, Jejak Prabowo Subianto di Pilpres 2009, 2014, dan 2019, Suara.com (in Indonesian), May 21, 2019
  21. ^ "Indonesia defence minister Prabowo accepts party's nomination to run for president". Reuters. August 12, 2022.
  22. ^ Robert Tait (June 15, 2013). "Iran election: Mohsen Rezaei profile". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
  23. ^ Henry Johnson (July 1, 2016), Iranians Are Mocking Tehran's Mayor for Installing Anti-American Billboards, Foreign Policy, retrieved March 26, 2015
  24. ^ "Unknown joins Likud leadership race". Archived from the original on January 18, 2012.
  25. ^ Hongo, Jun Mac who would be governor says: Smile Jan 4, 2013 Japan Times Retrieved July 31 and 2, 016
  26. ^ a b Osaki, Tomohiro Lesser-known candidates in the Tokyo gubernatorial race make their case July 29, 2016 Japan Times Retrieved July 31, 2016,
  27. ^ Johnston, Eric Lack of interest in Osaka mayoral race threatens to damage Ishin brand March 20, 2014 Retrieved July 31, 2016,
  28. ^ Chiyoda City Mayoral Candidate Wants You to Know He Loves Japan, War Criminals Jan 30, 2013 Archived July 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved July 31, 2016,
  29. ^ Nationalist Teruki Goto appears in a Japanese election campaign in just his birthday suit April 24, 2015 South China Morning Post Retrieved July 31, 2016,
  30. ^ Ozawa, Harumi. "Cabbie, dilettante and prolific inventor in fray to lead Tokyo". New York Times. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  31. ^ Umali, Justin. "A Look into the Most Consequential Election in our History: the 1935 Presidential Elections". Esquiremag.ph. Retrieved February 23, 2020.
  32. ^ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (October 1, 2021). "Netizens ask: Did Elly Pamatong file his COC? Spox: No. He's dead". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
  33. ^ "Věčný kandidát Petr Hannig". Euro.cz (in Czech). November 7, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  34. ^ "Hannig může kandidovat na Hrad. Pomohli mu i noví poslanci". Novinky.cz (in Czech). Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  35. ^ "Kandidovat na prezidenta může i hudebník Hannig, získal podporu poslanců". iDNES.cz. October 26, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  36. ^ "Kandidáti na prezidenta. Kdo získal podpisy a kdo nakonec souboj vzdal?". www.forum24.cz/ (in Czech). Retrieved November 7, 2022.
  37. ^ "Miroslav Sládek jde do prezidentské kandidatury". Parlamentní Listy. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  38. ^ "Z prezidentské volby odstoupil známý kandidát. S ohledem na volby nemá smysl kandidovat, tvrdí". EuroZprávy.cz. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  39. ^ "O Hrad se opět hlásí Švejnar. Ale není o něj zájem". Novinky.cz (in Czech). Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  40. ^ Jan Knauer: Bürgerengagement und Protestpolitik. Das politische Wirken des „Remstalrebellen“ Helmut Palmer und die Reaktionen seiner Mitmenschen. Dissertation. Tübingen 2012
  41. ^ "ElectionsIreland.org: Seán Loftus". electionsireland.org.
  42. ^ Vella, Rachel. "Żaren tal-Ajkla b'71 vot". TVMnews.mt. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  43. ^ "Żaren 'tal-Ajkla' will return to the ballot sheet as general election candidate – The Malta Independent". www.independent.com.mt. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  44. ^ a b Vella, Rachel. "Żaren tal-Ajkla obtained 71 votes in election". TVMnews.mt. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  45. ^ "Thousands show up for Ajkla meeting". Times of Malta. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  46. ^ Кандидатом в президенты стал депутат, которого отвергли в Смоленске
  47. ^ Булаев Олег Александрович
  48. ^ "Tom Mendelsohn: Howling Laud Hope – a profile". Independent Minds. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  49. ^ "Ashburton | Charity Shop Tourism". Webcache.googleusercontent.com. September 14, 2009. Archived from the original on April 24, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  50. ^ "BBC News | UK Politics | Loony tradition continues at by-election". Webcache.googleusercontent.com. Archived from the original on April 16, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  51. ^ Nottingham Post, May 13, 2010
  52. ^ Antony Green (2014). 2014 Vasse By-Election – ABC News. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
  53. ^ (August 3, 2015).Voulez-vous vote for me: van Lieshout[permanent dead link] – Yahoo!7 News. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
  54. ^ "EXCLUSIVE: Rachel MacGregor files lawsuit against Colin Craig". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  55. ^ Venter, Nick (June 11, 2011). "Burma Bill fought for young Maori". The Dominion Post. p. A25.
  56. ^ "Political aspirant Moncur dies". The Dominion. February 12, 1998. p. 3.
  57. ^ Watts, Barrie (October 15, 1971). "Saul – a loser's loser". The Dominion.
  58. ^ Moran, Paul (November 14, 1980). "Lone loser won't give up lifelong battle". The Dominion.
  59. ^ "Lives of Note - Vince Bamboo Terreni". The Dominion Post. October 7, 2004. p. B7.
  60. ^ Conway, Glenn (September 3, 2013). "Who is Peter Wakeman?". The Press.
  61. ^ Conchie, Sandra (March 17, 2022). "Tauranga byelection candidates step forward to fill Simon Bridges' shoes". Bay of Plenty Times. The New Zealand Herald.