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The New York Times
The New York Times
File:The New York Times.jpg
The September 11, 2002 front page of
The New York Times
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatBroadsheet
Owner(s)The New York Times Company
PublisherArthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.
Founded1851
Headquarters229 W 43 St
New York, NY 10036
 United States
Circulation1,086,798 Daily
1,623,697 Sunday[1]
ISSN0362-4331
Websitenytimes.com

The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. and distributed internationally. It is owned by The New York Times Company, which publishes 15 other newspapers, including the International Herald Tribune and the Boston Globe. It is the largest metropolitan newspaper in the United States. Nicknamed the "Gray Lady" for its staid appearance and style, it is often regarded as a national newspaper of record, meaning that it is frequently relied upon as the official and authoritative reference for modern events.[2] Founded in 1851, the newspaper has won 94 Pulitzer Prizes as of 2006, far more than any other newspaper. The newspaper's name is often abbreviated to The Times, but should not be confused with The Times, which is published in London.

History

File:Dday newyorktimes lowres.jpg
The front page on June 6, 1944 announces the beginning of the Battle of Normandy

The New York Times was founded on September 18, 1851 by experienced journalist and politician Henry Jarvis Raymond and former banker George Jones as the New-York Daily Times.

On September 14, 1857, the New-York Daily Times lost its hyphen and the word Daily, and became The New York Times.

The original intent was to publish the paper every morning except on Sundays. However, during the Civil War the Times (along with other major dailies) started publishing Sunday issues.

Between 1870 and 1871, a series of Times exposes targeted Boss Tweed and ended the Tweed Ring's domination of New York's city hall.[3]

In the 1876 presidential election, while other newspapers declared Samuel Tilden the victor over Rutherford B. Hayes, the Times, under the headline A Doubtful Election, asserted the outcome remained uncertain. After months, an electoral commission and Congress finally decided the election in Hayes's favor.[3]

In the year 1884, the Times faced a period of transition from strictly supporting Republican candidates to becoming a politically-independent paper, supporting Grover Cleveland in his first presidential election in 1884. In the beginning, it took a toll on the income of the Times but within a few years, the paper regained most of its lost ground and readership.

In 1896, Adolph Ochs, publisher of The Chattanooga Times, acquired The New York Times and in 1897, he coined the paper's celebrated slogan, "All The News That's Fit To Print," widely interpreted as a jab at competing papers in New York City (the New York World and the New York Journal American) that were known for lurid yellow journalism. Under his guidance, The New York Times achieved an international scope, circulation, and reputation.

The newspaper gave its name to Times Square in 1904 after it moved to new headquarters on 42nd Street in an area formerly known as Longacre Square. It was here that the New Year's Eve tradition of lowering a lighted ball from the Times building was started by the paper in 1907. After only nine years in Times Square, the paper relocated in 1913 to 229 West 43rd Street, its current headquarters. The original Times Square building, now known as One Times Square, was sold in 1961. A new headquarters for the newspaper, a skyscraper designed by Renzo Piano, is scheduled to be completed in 2007 at West 41st Street and 8th Avenue in Manhattan.[4]

In 1904, the Times received the first on-the-spot wireless transmission from a naval battle, a report of the destruction of the Russian fleet at the Battle of Port Arthur in the Yellow Sea during the Russo-Japanese war.

In 1919 it made its first trans-Atlantic delivery to London. In 1910, the first air delivery of the Times to Philadelphia began. In 1920, a "4 A.M. Airplane Edition" was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening.

File:NYT header.JPG
5 October, 1957: the launch of Sputnik 1 is announced. Mention of US crossings forewarn the upcoming crisis.

November 6 1928, on Times Tower, the Motograph News Bulletin, known colloquially as "The Zipper" or "The News Zipper," started flashing its 14,800 bulbs with election results: Herbert Hoover defeats Al Smith. Beginning May 18 1942, the zipper went dark in compliance with wartime blackout rules.

During World War II, two Times reporters, Harold Denny, in North Africa, and Otto D. Tolischus, in Japan, were held as prisoners of war. Tolischus was tortured and accused of espionage. Both were eventually released.

In 1945, William L. Laurence, a science reporter, was drafted by the government to write the official history of the A-bomb project. On August 9, he was the only journalist on the mission to bomb Nagasaki.

The crossword began to appear in 1942 as a feature, and the paper bought the classical radio station WQXR in the same year. The fashion section started in 1946. The Times also started an international edition in 1946, but stopped publishing it in 1967, when it joined with the owners of the New York Herald Tribune and The Washington Post to publish the International Herald Tribune in Paris. (In 2003, the Times became sole publisher) The Op-Ed section started appearing in 1970.

In 1964, the paper was the defendant in a libel case known as New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, in which the Supreme Court established the actual malice legal test for libel.

In 1996, The New York Times went online, giving free access to readers all over the world on the Web at www.nytimes.com. In late 2005, a paid system called TimesSelect was established, under which a fee is required to access the regular op-ed columnists and select other content, including the paper's complete archives back to 1851.

Pulitzer Prizes

Main article: Pulitzer Prizes awarded to the New York Times' staff

The Times has won 94 Pulitzer Prizes, far more than any other newspaper.

Famous mistakes

On January 13, 1920, a New York Times editorial on page 12 entitled "A Severe Strain on Credulity" ridiculed Robert Goddard and his claim that a rocket would work in space:

That Professor Goddard, with his "chair" in Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts, and the countenancing of the Smithsonian Institution, does not know the relation of action to reaction, and of the need to have something better than a vacuum against which to react – to say that would be absurd. Of course he only seems to lack the knowledge ladled out daily in high schools.

On July 17, 1969, days before Apollo 11's landing on the moon, the newspaper published on page 43 a tongue-in-cheek correction:

Further investigation and experimentation have confirmed the findings of Isaac Newton in the 17th century, and it is now definitely established that a rocket can function in a vacuum as well as in an atmosphere. The Times regrets the error.

On November 15, 1992, the Times published a list of slang terms (known as "grunge speak") that were supposedly used in the Seattle grunge scene. This was later proven to be a hoax created by Megan Jasper, a sales representative for Sub Pop Records.

On several occasions the Times has erroneously published premature obituaries, including:

Historical controversies

The paper, like many news organizations, has often been accused of giving too little or too much play to various events for reasons not related to objective journalism.

One of these allegations is that before and during World War II, the newspaper downplayed accusations that the Third Reich had targeted Jews for expulsion and genocide, at least in part because the publisher, who was Jewish, feared the taint of taking on any 'Jewish cause'.[5]

Another serious charge is the accusation that the Times, through its coverage of the Soviet Union by correspondent Walter Duranty helped to cover up the Ukrainian genocide perpetrated by Joseph Stalin in the 1930s.[6][7]

Until 2004 the Times had a policy of not using the term Armenian Genocide.[8] Despite publishing dozens of articles about the Armenian Genocide,[9] the Times for a period shied away from using the term in its articles as part of its editorial policy. The Turkish Government still denies genocide occurred. Times columnist and former reporter Nicholas D. Kristof, who is of Armenian descent, has criticized in his Times column the ongoing denial of the Armenian Genocide by the Turkish government.

The Times today

The New York Times is one of the most prominent American daily newspapers, trailing only USA Today (which is often distributed to thousands of hotel rooms nationwide) and The Wall Street Journal in circulation. It has traditionally printed full transcripts of major speeches and debates. The newspaper is currently owned by The New York Times Company, in which descendants of Ochs, principally the Sulzberger family, maintain a dominant role.

Since winning its first Pulitzer Prize,[10] in 1918 for its World War I reporting, the Times has won 94 Pulitzer Prizes, including a record seven in 2002. In 1971 it broke the Pentagon Papers story, publishing leaked documents revealing that the U.S. government had been painting an unrealistically rosy picture of the progress of the Vietnam War. This led to New York Times Co. v. United States (1971), which declared the government's prior restraint of the classified documents was unconstitutional. More recently, in 2004 the Times won a Pulitzer award for a series written by David Barstow and Lowell Bergman on employers and workplace safety issues.

The Times has been going through a downsizing for several years, offering buyouts to workers and cutting expenses,[11] in common with a general trend among print newsmedia. At the end of 2005 it had over 350 full time reporters and about 40 photographers, in addition to hundreds of free-lance contributors who work for the paper more occasionally.

The Times is based in New York City. It has 16 news bureaus in the New York region, 11 national news bureaus and 26 foreign news bureaus.[12] In recent years, it has sought to strengthen its status as a national newspaper by increasing to twenty its number of printing locations, allowing early morning distribution in many additional markets.

In 2006, the paper reported a circulation of roughly 1,086,798 copies on weekdays and 1,623,697 copies on Sundays.[1] In the New York City metropolitan area, the paper costs $1.00 Monday through Saturday and $3.50 on Sunday. Elsewhere the Sunday edition costs $5.00. New home delivery subscribers may receive a discount. [1]

The newspaper continues to own classical WQXR (96.3 FM) and WQEW (1560 AM). The classical format was simulcast on both frequencies until the early 1990s, when the big-band and standards format of WNEW-AM (now WBBR) moved from 1130 AM to 1560. The AM station changed its call letters from WQXR to WQEW. By the beginning of the 21st century, The Times had begun leasing WQEW to ABC Radio for its Radio Disney format, which continues on 1560 AM to this day.

The Times had a separate Television guide from March 1988 to April 2006. It was the last major newspaper to not outsource its television guide's editorial content to a syndication service such as Tribune Media Services, though the latter company compiled the data for the guide's TV grids. Blurbs (short, haiku-like summaries) for the listings of theatrical and television movies were based on the opinions of Times critics but edited to a succinct form by the former film critic Howard Thompson[13] from the section's inception in 1988 until a year before his death in 2002, then by Lawrence Van Gelder, Gene Rondinaro, Tim Sastrowardoyo, Neil Genzlinger and Anita Gates.

The New York Times is printed at the following sites:

Ann Arbor, Michigan; Austin, Texas; Atlanta, Georgia; Billerica, Massachusetts; Canton, Ohio; Chicago, Illinois; Columbia, Missouri; College Point, New York; Concord, California; Dayton, Ohio (Sunday only); Denver, Colorado; Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Gastonia, North Carolina; Edison, New Jersey; Spartanburg, South Carolina; Lakeland, Florida; Phoenix, Arizona; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Springfield, Virginia; Kent, Washington; Torrance, California and Toronto, Canada.[12]

Major sections

The newspaper is organized in three sections:

1. News
Includes International, National, Washington, Business, Technology, Science, Health, Sports, New York Region, Education, Weather, and Obituaries.
2. Opinion
Includes Editorials, Op-Eds and Letters to the Editor.
3. Features
Includes Arts, Movies, Theater, Travel, NYC Guide, Dining & Wine, Home & Garden, Fashion & Style, Crossword, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine, and Week in Review

Style

When referring to people, the Times uses courtesy titles, rather than unadorned last names (except in the sports pages, where last names stand alone). Its headlines tend to be verbose, and, for major stories, come with subheadings giving further details, although it is moving away from this style. It stayed with an 8-column format years after other papers had switched to 6, and it was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography, with the first color photograph on the front page appearing on October 16, 1997. In the absence of a major headline, the day's most important story generally appears in the top-righthand column, on the main page.

The typefaces used for the headlines include Cheltenham. The text is set in Imperial.

Web presence

File:Nytimes launch.jpg
The initial look of NYTimes.com in 1996

The Times has had a strong presence on the Web since 1995, and has been ranked one of the top Web sites. It is accessible via www.nytimes.com and www.nyt.com. It has a general policy of keeping articles freely available for one week and charging a fee for access to older articles. Accessing some articles requires registration, though this restriction can be bypassed by using a link generator or in some cases through Times RSS feeds.[2] The website had 555 million pageviews in March 2005.[14]

For the month of March 2006, NYTimes.com had a strong traffic, with 11.6 million unique visitors and continues to rank as the number one newspaper site. NYT Company consolidation (which includes About.com) is the 12th most-visited parent company, with 37.7 million unique visitors.[15]

In September 2005, the paper decided to begin subscription-based service for daily columns in a program known as TimesSelect. This was unusual in that it included previously free columnist opinion articles, and so it consequently led to attempts to work around it such as Never Pay Retail[16] and the posting of TimesSelect material by bloggers.[17] One of the reasons for this new service was to move from a large dependency on ad revenue. [citation needed]

TimesSelect is free for print copy subscribers [3]. Others can access it for $7.95 per month, about the cost of two Sunday editions, or can get an annual subscription for $49.95 [4]. On March 13, 2007, the New York Times began to offer TimesSelect University subscriptions to students and faculty with valid college or university e-mail addresses.

Times columnists such as Nicholas Kristof and Thomas Friedman have made their criticisms of TimesSelect clear, with Friedman going so far as to say "I hate it. It pains me enormously because it’s cut me off from a lot, a lot of people, especially because I have a lot of people reading me overseas, like in India and whatnot, and so I hate it ... I feel totally cut off from my audience."[18][19] in a video interview conducted at the 2006 Webby Awards.[20] Most for-pay NYT editorials are available online shortly after their publication through blog searches. As of late January 2006 online reproduction of Select content is extremely difficult to find on commercial websites.

Ownership

The Ochs-Sulzberger family, one of the country's great newspaper dynasties, has owned the Times since 1896. After the publisher went public in the 1960s, the family continued to exert control through its ownership of the vast majority of Class B voting shares. Class A shareholders cannot vote on many important matters relating to the company, while Class B shareholders can vote on all matters.

Dual-class structures caught on in the mid-20th century as families such as the Grahams of the Washington Post Company sought to gain access to public capital without losing control. Dow Jones & Co., publisher of The Wall Street Journal, has a similar structure and is controlled by the Bancroft family. Many regard family ownership as a way to promote journalistic excellence by insulating newsroom decisions from short-term financial pressures.

Major Class A shareholders, as of December 31, 2006, include the Sulzberger family (19%), T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (14.99%), Private Capital Management Inc. (9.34%), MFS Investment Management (8.28%) and Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. (7.15%).[21]

The Ochs-Sulzberger family trust controls roughly 88% of the company's class B shares.[21] Any alteration to the dual-class structure must be ratified by six of eight directors who sit on the board of the Ochs-Sulzberger family trust. The Trust board members are: Daniel H. Cohen, James M. Cohen, Lynn G. Dolnick, Susan W. Dryfoos, Michael Golden, Eric M. A. Lax, Arthur O. Sulzberger, Jr. and Cathy J. Sulzberger.[21]

Management and employees

Publishers

Executive editors

Current masthead

The News Sections

Business Management

  • Scott H. Heekin-Canedy, President, General Manager
  • Dennis L. Stern, Senior V.P., Deputy General Manager
  • Denise F. Warren, Senior V.P., Chief Advertising Officer
  • Alyse Myers, Senior V.P., Chief Marketing Officer
  • Alexis Buryk, Senior V.P., Advertising
  • Thomas K. Carley, Senior V.P., Planning
  • Yasmin Namini, Senior V.P., Circulation
  • David A. Thurm, Senior V.P., Chief Information Officer
  • Roland A. Caputo, V.P., Chief Financial Officer
  • Terry L. Hayes, V.P., Labor Relations
  • Thomas P. Lombardo, V.P., Production
  • Muriel Watkins, V.P., Human Resources
  • Cristian L. Edwards, President, News Services
  • Vivian Schiller, Senior V.P., General Manager, Nytimes.Com
  • Michael Oreskes, Editor, International Herald Tribune

Department heads

  • Joseph Sexton, metropolitan news editor
  • Suzanne Daley, national news editor
  • Susan Chira, foreign news editor
  • Katherine J. Roberts, editor, The Week in Review
  • William McDonald, obituaries editor
  • Lawrence Ingrassia, financial news editor
  • Laura Chang, science news editor
  • Samuel Sifton, cultural news editor
  • Alison Mitchell, education editor
  • Ariel Kaminer, Arts and Leisure editor
  • Trip Gabriel, style editor
  • Pete Wells, dining editor
  • house and home editor TK
  • Robert Woletz, society news editor
  • travel editor TK
  • Gerald Marzorati, editor, The New York Times Magazine
  • Sam Tanenhaus, editor, The New York Times Book Review

Bureau chiefs

Domestic bureaus

Foreign bureaus

Current columnists

Op-Ed Columnists

Former Op-Ed Columnists Russell Baker, Gail Collins, Anthony Lewis, Flora Lewis, Anna Quindlen, James Reston, A. M. Rosenthal, William Safire, John Tierney, Tom Wicker

Science Columnists

News Columnists

Business Columnists

Other famous personnel

Modern controversies

In 2003, the Times admitted that Jayson Blair, one of its reporters, had committed repeated journalistic fraud over a span of several years.[22] The general professionalism of the paper was questioned, though Blair immediately resigned following the incident. Questions of affirmative action in journalism were also raised,[23][24][25] since Blair is black. The paper's top two editors – Howell Raines, the executive editor, and Gerald M. Boyd, managing editor – resigned their posts following the incident.[5]

On May 26 2004, the Times published a piece entitled "From the Editors" indicating that the paper's reporting of the lead up to the war in Iraq, "especially on the issue of Iraq's weapons and possible Iraqi connections to international terrorists...was not as rigorous as it should have been."[26]

In October 2005, Times reporter Judith Miller was released from prison after 85 days, when she agreed to testify to Special Prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald’s grand jury after receiving a personal waiver, both on the phone and in writing, of her earlier confidential source agreement with Lewis "Scooter" Libby. No other reporter whose testimony had been sought in the case had received such a direct and particularized release. Her incarceration has helped fuel an effort in Congress to enact a Federal Shield law, comparable to the state shield laws which protect reporters in 49 of the 50 states. After her second appearance before the grand jury, Miller was released from her contempt of court finding. Miller resigned from the paper on 9 November 2005.[27]

On December 16 2005, a New York Times article revealed that the Bush administration had ordered the National Security Agency (NSA) to intercept certain telephone conversations between suspected terrorists in the U.S. and those in other countries without first obtaining court warrants for the surveillance, apparently in violation of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) and without the knowledge or consent of the Congress. A federal judge recently held that the plan revealed by the Times was unconstitutional, and hearings have been held on this issue in Congress. The article noted that reporters and editors at the Times had known about the intelligence-gathering program for approximately a year but had, at the request of White House officials, delayed publication to conduct additional reporting. The Justice Department has launched an investigation to determine the sources of the classified information obtained by the Times. The men who reported the stories, James Risen and Eric Lichtblau, won the Pulitzer Prize for national reporting in 2006.[28]

In an article on June 23, 2006, The Times (along with the Wall Street Journal[6],Washington Post[7] and the Los Angeles Times[8]) revealed the existence of the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program, a CIA/Department of Treasury scheme to access transactional database of the Brussels-based Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication ("SWIFT"). In September 2006, the Belgian government declared that the SWIFT dealings with U.S. government authorities were, in fact, a breach of Belgian and European privacy laws.[9]

On December 22, 2006 at the request of the Bush Administration, the paper removed sections of an Op-Ed piece critical of the administration's policy towards Iran which contained publicly available information that Iran cooperated after the 9/11 attacks and offered to negotiate a diplomatic settlement in 2003.[29]

Corporate-influence concerns

In their book Manufacturing Consent, Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky analyze a variety of major U.S. media outlets, with an emphasis on the Times. They conclude that a bias exists which is neither liberal nor conservative in nature, but aligned towards the interests of corporate conglomerates, which own most of these media outlets and also provide the majority of their advertising revenue. The authors explain that this bias functions in all sorts of ways:[30]

"...by selection of topics, by distribution of concerns, by emphasis and framing of issues, by filtering of information, by bounding of debate within certain limits. They determine, they select, they shape, they control, they restrict — in order to serve the interests of dominant, elite groups in the society."[31]

Chomsky and Herman also touch on the specific importance this perceived bias has in the Times, saying:

"...history is what appears in The New York Times archives; the place where people will go to find out what happened is The New York Times. Therefore it's extremely important if history is going to be shaped in an appropriate way, that certain things appear, certain things not appear, certain questions be asked, other questions be ignored, and that issues be framed in a particular fashion."[31]

Self-examination of bias

In summer 2004, the newspaper's then public editor (ombudsman), Daniel Okrent, wrote a piece on the Times' alleged liberal bias.[32] He concluded that the Times did have a liberal bias in coverage of certain social issues, gay marriage being the example he used. He claimed that this bias reflected the paper's cosmopolitanism, which arose naturally from its roots as a hometown paper of New York City.

Okrent did not comment at length on the issue of bias in coverage of "hard news", such as fiscal policy, foreign policy, or civil liberties. However, he noted that the paper's coverage of the Iraq war was, among other things, insufficiently critical of the George W. Bush administration (see below). In May 2005 Okrent was succeeded by Byron Calame.

Additionally in a post-Jayson Blair report to Bill Keller,[33] a committee of Times employees noted:

Nothing we recommend should be seen as endorsing a retreat from tough-minded reporting of abuses of power by public or private institutions. In part because the Times' editorial page is clearly liberal, the news pages do need to make more effort not to seem monolithic.

See also

Further reading

  • Amster, Linda; and Dylan Loeb McClain. Kill Duck Before Serving: Red Faces at The New York Times: A Collection of the Newspaper's Most Interesting, Embarrassing and Off-Beat Corrections. New York: St. Martin's, 2002. ISBN 0312284276 ISBN 978-0312284275
  • Berry, Nicholas O. Foreign Policy and the Press: An Analysis of the New York Times' Coverage of U.S. Foreign Policy (Greenwood. 1990)
  • Calhoun, Chris, ed. 52 McGs.: The Best Obituaries from Legendary New York Times Reporter Robert McG. Thomas. New York: Scribner, 2001. ISBN 0743215621 ISBN 978-0743215626
  • Davis, Elmer. History of the New York Times, 1851-1921 (1921)
  • Hess, John. My Times: A Memoir of Dissent, Seven Stories Press, 2003, cloth, ISBN 1-58322-604-4; trade paperback, Seven Stories Press, 2003, ISBN 1-58322-622-2
  • Jones, Alex S. and Susan E. Tifft. The Trust: The Private and Powerful Family Behind The New York Times. Back Bay Books, 2000, ISBN 0-316-83631-1.
  • Members of the staff of The New York Times. The Newspaper: Its Making and Its Meaning. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1945.
  • Mnookin, Seth. Hard News: The Scandals at The New York Times and Their Meaning for American Media, Random House, 2004, cloth, ISBN 1-4000-6244-6.
  • Robertson, Nan. The Girls in the Balcony: Women, Men and The New York Times. Random House, 1992. ISBN 039458452X ISBN 978-0394584522
  • Siegal, Allan M. and William G. Connolly The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage, revised edition. New York: Times Books, 1999. ISBN 0-8129-6388-1. Self-indexed.
  • Talese, Gay. The Kingdom and the Power, World Publishing Company, 1969, ISBN 0-8446-6284-4.

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b The New York Times Company (2006-09-30). "Investors: Circulation Data". Retrieved 2007-03-07.
  2. ^ "Historical New York Times". Saginaw Valley State University. Retrieved 2006-07-04. But see also ""Paper of Record? No Way, No Reason, No Thanks"". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-01-23.
  3. ^ a b The New York Times Company: New York Times Timeline 1851-1880
  4. ^ "New York Times Headquarters". SkyscraperPage.com. 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-21. {{cite web}}: External link in |authorlink= (help)
  5. ^ Leff, Laurel. Buried by the Times:The Holocaust and America's Most Important Newspaper. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81287-9. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |origdate= ignored (|orig-date= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ The New York Times Company: "New York Times Statement About 1932 Pulitzer Prize Awarded to Walter Duranty"
  7. ^ The Daily Standard (June 12 2003, 1:40:00 PM): "Pulitzer-Winning Lies", by Arnold Beichman
  8. ^ "New York Times". Armeniapedia. Retrieved 2006-07-04.
  9. ^ "Armenian Genocide Contemporary Articles". Armeniapedia. Retrieved 2006-07-04.
  10. ^ The New York Times Company. "Our Company:Awards". Retrieved 2006-07-04.
  11. ^ Joyner, James. "New York Times Fires 500 Staffers". Outside the Beltway. Retrieved 2006-07-04.
  12. ^ a b The New York Times Company. "Our Company:Business Units". Retrieved 2006-07-04.
  13. ^ http://www.citypaper.com/news/story.asp?id=3366
  14. ^ The New York Times. "The New York Times Company Reports NYTimes.com's Record-Breaking Traffic for March". BusinessWire. Retrieved 2006-07-04.
  15. ^ The New York Times. "Nielsen NetRatings NetView March 2006 for NYTimes.com" (PDF). BusinessWire. Retrieved 2006-07-24.
  16. ^ Tabin, John. "Never Pay Retail". Retrieved 2006-07-04.
  17. ^ Farivar, Cyrus (2006-09-22). "Goof Lets Times' Content Go Free". Retrieved 2006-07-04.
  18. ^ Kaus, Mickey (2006-06-18). "Touting Mark Warner - Suellentrop's secret scooplet". Slate. Retrieved 2006-07-04.
  19. ^ Stabe, Martin (2006-06-13). "NY Times columnist hates subscription wall". Online Press Gazette. Retrieved 2006-07-04.
  20. ^ "Thomas Friedman at Webbys". Retrieved 2006-07-04.
  21. ^ a b c The Wall Street Journal (2007-03-21). "How a Money Manager Battled New York Times". Retrieved 2007-03-21.
  22. ^ Dan Barry, David Barstow, Jonathan D. Glater, Adam Liptak and Jacques Steinberg (May 13 2003). ""Correcting the Record: Times Reporter Who Resigned Leaves Long Trail of Deception"". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-09-22. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ Kaus, Mickey (May 12 2003). ""Affirmative retraction at the NYT" also titled "Keller in the Cellar?"". Slate online magazine. Retrieved 2006-09-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  24. ^ Shafer, Jack, "The Jayson Blair Project How did he bamboozle the New York Times?" "Pressbox" column, Slate online magazine, May 8 2003
  25. ^ Calame, Byron (June 18 2006). ""Preventing a Second Jason Blair" ("The Public Editor" column)". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-09-22. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  26. ^ Week in Review 2004 May 30
  27. ^ Judith Miller (2005-11-09). ""Judith Miller's Farewell"". Retrieved 2006-11-04.
  28. ^ Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism (2006). ""2006 Pulitzer Prize Winners - NATIONAL REPORTING"". The Pulitzer Board. Retrieved 2006-11-04. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  29. ^ Democracy Now, Headlines (December 22 2006). ""NYT Publishes White House-Redacted Op-Ed Critical of Iran Policy"". Democracy Now. Retrieved 2006-12-22. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  30. ^ "Manufacturing Consent: A Propaganda Model: excerpted from the book". Retrieved 2007-03-20.
  31. ^ a b "Excerpts from Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky interviewed by various interviewers". Retrieved 2006-07-19.
  32. ^ Okrent, Daniel (2004-07-25). ""Is The New York Times a Liberal Newspaper?" (Public Editor column)". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-09-24. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  33. ^ Okrent, Daniel (2005-05-02). "Preserving Our Readers' Trust" (pdf). Retrieved 2006-07-04.
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