Esophageal inlet patch
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| Esophageal inlet patch | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Gastroenterology |
| Symptoms | Globus sensation, sore throat, heartburn, difficulty swallowing |
| Diagnostic method | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| Treatment | Ablation with argon plasma coagulation or radiofrequency ablation |
| Frequency | 1 - 12%[1] |
Esophageal inlet patch or heterotopic gastric mucosa of the upper esophagus or gastric inlet patch is one or more areas of tissue resembling stomach tissue which is found in the upper portion of the esophagus.
Description and etiology
Esophageal inlet patches are well defined areas of mucosa which resemble stomach tissue and are pink or salmon colored.[2] The mucosal surface of an esophageal inlet patch may be flat, slightly raised, or slightly depressed.[2]
The development of an esophageal inlet patch may occur due to the misplacement of endoderm from the stomach early in development.[1]
Signs and symptoms
Often esophageal inlet patches causes no symptoms and are identified incidentally during upper endoscopy.[3] However, when present, symptoms may include difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), pain while swallowing (odynophagia), cough or globus sensation.[1]
Whether esophageal inlet patches may cause other symptoms, such as chronic cough, globus sensation, laryngitis is unclear.[1]
Diagnosis
Esophageal inlet patches are diagnosed by upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD). Detection of esophageal inlet patches may be improved by the use of specialized imaging techniques such as narrow-band imaging (optical chromoendoscopy).[2]
Treatment
Often treatment for esophageal inlet patch is not necessary. However, when symptoms occur, treatment may consist of ablation.[1] Ablation may be performed with argon plasma coagulation or radiofrequency ablation.[1] When performed by an experienced physician, side effects from ablation appear to be neglible.[1]
Epidemiology
The prevalence of esophageal inlet patch is between 1% and 12%.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Meining, A; Bajbouj, M (December 2016). "Gastric inlet patches in the cervical esophagus: what they are, what they cause, and how they can be treated". Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 84 (6): 1027–1029. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2016.08.012. PMID 27855791.
- ^ a b c Ciocalteu, A; Popa, P; Ionescu, M; Gheonea, DI (14 August 2019). "Issues and controversies in esophageal inlet patch". World journal of gastroenterology. 25 (30): 4061–4073. doi:10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4061. PMID 31435164.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Rusu, R; Ishaq, S; Wong, T; Dunn, JM (July 2018). "Cervical inlet patch: new insights into diagnosis and endoscopic therapy". Frontline gastroenterology. 9 (3): 214–220. doi:10.1136/flgastro-2017-100855. PMID 30046427.