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Timor-Leste, also known as East Timor, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is a country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the coastal exclave of Oecusse in the island's northwest, and the minor islands of Atauro and Jaco. (The remainder of the western half of the island of Timor is administered by Indonesia.) Australia is the country's southern neighbour, separated by the Timor Sea. The country's size is 14,950 square kilometres (5,770 sq mi). Dili, on the north coast of Timor, is its capital and largest city.
Timor was settled over time by various Papuan and Austronesian peoples, which created a diverse mix of cultures and languages linked to both Southeast Asia and Melanesia. East Timor came under Portuguese influence in the sixteenth century, remaining a Portuguese colony until 1975. Internal conflict preceded a unilateral declaration of independence and an Indonesian invasion and annexation. The subsequent Indonesian occupation was characterised by extreme abuses of human rights, including torture and massacres, a series of events named the East Timor genocide. Resistance continued throughout Indonesian rule and in 1999, a United Nations–sponsored act of self-determination led to Indonesia relinquishing control of the territory. On 20 May 2002, as Timor-Leste, it became the first new sovereign state of the 21st century. That same year, relations with Indonesia were established and normalized, with Indonesia also supporting East Timor's accession into ASEAN.
The national government runs on a semi-presidential system, with the popularly elected president sharing power with a prime minister appointed by the National Parliament. Power is centralised under the national government, although many local leaders have informal influence. The country maintains a policy of international cooperation, and is a member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, an observer of the Pacific Islands Forum, and an applicant for ASEAN membership. The country remains relatively poor, with an economy that relies heavily on natural resources, especially oil, and foreign aid.
The total population is over 1.34 million at the 2022 census, and is heavily skewed towards young people due to a high fertility rate. Education has led to increasing literacy over the past half-century, especially in the two official languages of Portuguese and Tetum. High ethnic and linguistic diversity is reflected by the 30 indigenous languages spoken in the country. The majority of the population is Catholic, which coexists alongside strong local traditions and beliefs, especially in rural areas. (Full article...)
The Lahane Hospital, officially Dr. António de Carvalho Hospital (Portuguese: Hospital Dr. António de Carvalho; Tetum: Óspital Dr. António de Carvalho), and also known as the old Portuguese Hospital (Portuguese: antigo Hospital Português; Tetum: antigu Ospitál Portugés), is a historic public hospital in East Timor. Founded in the 1860s, the hospital is located in Lahane [de], at the southern edge of the capital city, Dili.
Established in 1864 by the colonial government of Portuguese Timor, the hospital's current building was completed in 1906. The hospital was badly damaged during World War II, but was restored and expanded in the postwar decades. During the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, the facility was used as a military hospital and fell into disrepair. The hospital was also the site of the killing of injured victims of the 1991 Santa Cruz massacre by Indonesian soldiers and civilian hospital staff. The hospital was fully rehabilitated in 2020–2021 for use as an isolation facility for severe COVID-19 cases during the global COVID-19 pandemic, and was the site of East Timor's first death from the virus. Today, the hospital is home to a cardiology center and palliative care center. (Full article...)
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