February 28
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February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 306 days remain until the end of the year (307 in leap years).
Events
Pre-1600
- 202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty.[1]
- 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes.[2]
- 1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on the order of conquistador Hernán Cortés.[3]
1601–1900
- 1638 – The Scottish National Covenant is signed in Edinburgh.[4]
- 1835 – Elias Lönnrot signed and dated the first version of the Kalevala, the so-called foreword to the Old Kalevala.[5]
- 1844 – A gun explodes on board the steam warship USS Princeton during a pleasure cruise down the Potomac River, killing six, including Secretary of State Abel Upshur. President John Tyler, who was also on board, was not injured from the blast.[6]
1901–present
- 1922 – The United Kingdom ends its protectorate over Egypt through a Unilateral Declaration of Independence.[7]
- 1925 – The Charlevoix-Kamouraska earthquake strikes northeastern North America.[8]
- 1947 – February 28 Incident: In Taiwan, civil disorder is put down with the death of an estimated 28,000 civilians.[9]
- 1958 – A school bus in Floyd County, Kentucky hits a wrecker truck and plunges down an embankment into the rain-swollen Levisa Fork river. The driver and 26 children die in one of the worst school bus accidents in U.S. history.[10]
- 1959 – Discoverer 1, an American spy satellite that is the first object intended to achieve a polar orbit, is launched but fails to achieve orbit.[11]
- 1966 – A NASA T-38 Talon crashes into the McDonnell Aircraft factory while attempting a poor-visibility landing at Lambert Field, St. Louis, killing astronauts Elliot See and Charles Bassett.
- 1969 – The 1969 Portugal earthquake hits Portugal, Spain and Morocco.[12]
- 1972 – China–United States relations: The United States and China sign the Shanghai Communiqué.
- 1974 – The British election ended in a hung parliament after the Jeremy Thorpe-led Liberal Party achieved their biggest vote.[13]
- 1975 – In London, an underground train fails to stop at Moorgate terminus station and crashes into the end of the tunnel, killing 43 people.
- 1980 – Andalusia approves its statute of autonomy through a referendum.
- 1983 – The final episode of M*A*S*H airs, with almost 110 million viewers.[14]
- 1985 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army carries out a mortar attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary police station at Newry, killing nine officers in the highest loss of life for the RUC on a single day.
- 1986 – Olof Palme, 26th Prime Minister of Sweden, is assassinated in Stockholm.
- 1991 – The first Gulf War ends.
- 1993 – The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agents raid the Branch Davidian church in Waco, Texas with a warrant to arrest the group's leader David Koresh. Four ATF agents and six Davidians die in the initial raid, starting a 51-day standoff.
- 1995 – Former Australian Liberal party leader John Hewson resigns from the Australian parliament almost two years after losing the 1993 Australian federal election.
- 1997 – An earthquake in northern Iran is responsible for about 3,000 deaths.
- 1997 – A Turkish military memorandum resulted with collapse of the government in Turkey.[15][16][17]
- 2001 – The 2001 Nisqually earthquake, having a moment magnitude of 6.8, with epicenter in the southern Puget Sound, damages Seattle metropolitan area.[18]
- 2002 – During the religious violence in Gujarat, 97 people are killed in the Naroda Patiya massacre and 69 in the Gulbarg Society massacre.
- 2013 – Pope Benedict XVI resigns as the pope of the Catholic Church, becoming the first pope to do so since Pope Gregory XII, in 1415.[19]
- 2023 – Two trains collide south of the Vale of Tempe in Greece, leading to the deaths of at least 57 people and leaving 58 missing and 85 injured.[20]
Births
Pre-1600
- 1261 – Margaret of Scotland, Queen of Norway (d. 1283)[21][22]
- 1518 – Francis III, Duke of Brittany, Duke of Brittany (d. 1536)[23]
- 1533 – Michel de Montaigne, French philosopher and author (d. 1592)[24]
- 1535 – Cornelius Gemma, Dutch astronomer and astrologer (d. 1578)[25]
- 1552 – Jost Bürgi, Swiss mathematician and clockmaker (d. 1632)[26]
1601–1900
- 1675 – Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (d. 1726)[27]
- 1683 – René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, French entomologist and academic (d. 1757)[28]
- 1704 – Louis Godin, French astronomer and academic (d. 1760)[29]
- 1848 – Arthur Giry, French historian and academic (d. 1899)[30]
- 1858 – Tore Svennberg, Swedish actor and director (d. 1941)[31]
- 1866 – Vyacheslav Ivanov, Russian poet and playwright (d. 1949)[32]
- 1878 – Pierre Fatou, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1929)[33]
- 1884 – Ants Piip, Estonian lawyer and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1942)[34]
- 1887 – William Zorach, Lithuanian-American sculptor and painter (d. 1966)[35]
- 1894 – Ben Hecht, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1964)[36]
- 1896 – Philip Showalter Hench, American physician and endocrinologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)[37]
- 1898 – Zeki Rıza Sporel, Turkish footballer (d. 1969)[38]
1901–present
- 1901 – Linus Pauling, American chemist and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)[39]
- 1906 – Bugsy Siegel, American gangster (d. 1947)[40]
- 1907 – Milton Caniff, American cartoonist (d. 1988)[41]
- 1908 – Billie Bird, American actress (d. 2002)[42]
- 1909 – Stephen Spender, English author and poet (d. 1995)[43]
- 1915 – Ketti Frings, American author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 1981)[44]
- 1915 – Peter Medawar, Brazilian-English biologist and immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)[45]
- 1919 – Alfred Marshall, American businessman, founded Marshalls (d. 2013)[46]
- 1920 – Jadwiga Piłsudska, Polish soldier, pilot, and architect (d. 2014)[47]
- 1921 – Marah Halim Harahap, Indonesian military officer, Governor of North Sumatra (d. 2015)[48]
- 1922 – Radu Câmpeanu, Romanian politician (d. 2016)[49]
- 1924 – Robert A. Roe, American soldier and politician (d. 2014)[50]
- 1925 – Harry H. Corbett, Burmese-English actor (d. 1982)[51]
- 1928 – Stanley Baker, Welsh actor and producer (d. 1976)[52]
- 1928 – Tom Aldredge, American actor (d. 2011)[53]
- 1928 – Sylvia del Villard, actress, dancer, choreographer and Afro-Puerto Rican activist (d. 1990)[54]
- 1929 – Hayden Fry, American football player and coach (d. 2019)[55]
- 1929 – John Montague, American-Irish poet and academic (d. 2016)[56]
- 1929 – Frank Gehry, Canadian-born American architect and designer[57]
- 1930 – Leon Cooper, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate[58]
- 1931 – Peter Alliss, English golfer and sportscaster (d. 2020)[59][60]
- 1931 – Gavin MacLeod, American actor, Christian activist, and author (d. 2021)[61][62]
- 1931 – Len Newcombe, Welsh footballer and scout (d. 1996)[63]
- 1932 – Don Francks, Canadian actor, singer, and jazz musician (d. 2016)[64]
- 1933 – Rein Taagepera, Estonian political scientist and politician[65]
- 1937 – Jeff Farrell, American swimmer[66]
- 1939 – Daniel C. Tsui, Chinese-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate[67]
- 1939 – Tommy Tune, American actor, dancer, singer, theatre director, producer, and choreographer[68]
- 1940 – Mario Andretti, Italian-American racing driver[69]
- 1942 – Frank Bonner, American actor and television director (d. 2021)[70]
- 1942 – Brian Jones, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer (d. 1969)[71]
- 1942 – Dino Zoff, Italian footballer[72]
- 1943 – Barbara Acklin, American singer-songwriter (d. 1998)[73]
- 1944 – Kelly Bishop, American actress[74]
- 1944 – Edward Greenspan, Canadian lawyer and author (d. 2014)[75]
- 1944 – Sepp Maier, German footballer and manager[76]
- 1944 – Storm Thorgerson, English graphic designer (d. 2013)[77]
- 1945 – Bubba Smith, American football player and actor (d. 2011)[78]
- 1946 – Robin Cook, Scottish educator and politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (d. 2005)[79]
- 1946 – Syreeta Wright, American singer-songwriter (d. 2004)[80]
- 1948 – Steven Chu, American physicist and politician, 12th United States Secretary of Energy, Nobel Prize laureate[81]
- 1948 – Bernadette Peters, American actress, singer, and author[82]
- 1948 – Mercedes Ruehl, American actress[83]
- 1949 – Zoia Ceaușescu, Romanian mathematician, daughter of Communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife Elena Ceaușescu (d. 2006)[84]
- 1953 – Paul Krugman, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate[85]
- 1953 – Ricky Steamboat, American professional wrestler[86]
- 1954 – Brian Billick, American football player, coach, and sportscaster[87]
- 1955 – Adrian Dantley, American basketball player and coach[88]
- 1955 – Gilbert Gottfried, American comedian, actor, and singer (d. 2022)[89]
- 1956 – Francis Hughes, Irish Republican, hunger striker (d. 1981)[90]
- 1956 – Terry Leahy, English businessman[91]
- 1957 – Ian Smith, New Zealand cricketer and sportscaster[92]
- 1957 – John Turturro, American actor and director[93]
- 1957 – Cindy Wilson, American singer-songwriter[94]
- 1958 – Manuel Torres Félix, Mexican criminal and narcotics trafficker (d. 2012)[95]
- 1958 – David R. Ross, Scottish historian and author (d. 2010)[96]
- 1961 – Barry McGuigan, Irish-British boxer[97]
- 1963 – Claudio Chiappucci, Italian cyclist[98]
- 1966 – Paulo Futre, Portuguese footballer[99]
- 1966 – Archbishop Jovan VI of Ohrid[100]
- 1967 – Colin Cooper, English footballer and manager[101]
- 1967 – Seth Rudetsky, American musician, actor, writer, and radio host[102]
- 1969 – Sean Farrel, English footballer[103]
- 1969 – Butch Leitzinger, American race car driver[104]
- 1969 – Robert Sean Leonard, American actor[105]
- 1969 – Pat Monahan, American singer, songwriter and actor
- 1970 – Noureddine Morceli, Algerian runner[106]
- 1970 – Daniel Brochu, Canadian actor[107]
- 1971 – Junya Nakano, Japanese pianist and composer[108]
- 1972 – Ville Haapasalo, Finnish actor and screenwriter[109]
- 1973 – Eric Lindros, Canadian ice hockey player[110]
- 1973 – Scott McLeod, New Zealand rugby player[111]
- 1973 – Nicolas Minassian, French race car driver
- 1973 – Masato Tanaka, Japanese wrestler[112]
- 1974 – Lee Carsley, English-Irish footballer and manager[113]
- 1974 – Alexander Zickler, German footballer and manager[114]
- 1975 – Mike Rucker, American football player[115]
- 1976 – Ali Larter, American actress and model[116]
- 1977 – Jason Aldean, American singer-songwriter[117]
- 1977 – Lance Hoyt, American football player and wrestler[118]
- 1978 – Benjamin Raich, Austrian skier[119]
- 1978 – Jamaal Tinsley, American basketball player[120]
- 1978 – Mariano Zabaleta, Argentinian tennis player[121]
- 1979 – Sébastien Bourdais, French race car driver[122]
- 1979 – Ivo Karlović, Croatian tennis player[123]
- 1980 – Pascal Bosschaart, Dutch footballer[124]
- 1980 – Christian Poulsen, Danish footballer[125]
- 1980 – Tayshaun Prince, American basketball player[126]
- 1981 – Brian Bannister, American baseball player and scout[127]
- 1982 – Natalia Vodianova, Russian-French model and actress[128]
- 1984 – Karolína Kurková, Czech model and actress
- 1985 – Tim Bresnan, English cricketer[129]
- 1985 – Jelena Janković, Serbian tennis player[130]
- 1985 – Diego Ribas da Cunha, Brazilian footballer[131]
- 1987 – Antonio Candreva, Italian footballer[132]
- 1988 – Aroldis Chapman, Cuban baseball player[133]
- 1989 – Carlos Dunlap, American football player[134]
- 1989 – Charles Jenkins, American basketball player[135]
- 1989 – Kevin Proctor, New Zealand rugby league player[136]
- 1990 – Takayasu Akira, Japanese sumo wrestler[137]
- 1994 – Arkadiusz Milik, Polish footballer[138]
- 1999 – Luka Dončić, Slovenian basketball player[139]
Deaths
Pre-1600
- 628 – Khosrow II, Shah of Iran, Sasanian Empire (b. c. 570)[140]
1601–1900
- 1621 – Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1590)[141]
- 1740 – Pietro Ottoboni, Italian cardinal and patron of the arts (b. 1667)[142]
- 1857 – André Dumont, Belgian geologist and academic (b. 1809)[143]
- 1882 – Adolf Zytogorski, Polish-British chess master and translator (b. c. 1811/1812)[144]
1901–present
- 1929 – Clemens von Pirquet, Austrian physician and immunologist (b. 1874)[145]
- 1932 – Guillaume Bigourdan, French astronomer and academic (b. 1851)[146]
- 1936 – Charles Nicolle, French biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866)[147]
- 1966 – Charles Bassett, American captain, engineer, and astronaut (b. 1931)[148]
- 1966 – Elliot See, American commander, engineer, and astronaut (b. 1927)[148]
- 1975 – Neville Cardus, English cricket and music writer (b. 1888)[149]
- 1977 – Eddie "Rochester" Anderson, American actor and comedian (b. 1905)[150][151]
- 1978 – Zara Cully, American actress (b. 1892)[152]
- 1993 – Ruby Keeler, Canadian-American actress and dancer (b. 1909)[153]
- 1998 – Arkady Shevchenko, Ukrainian diplomat (b. 1930)[154]
- 2002 – Mary Stuart, American actress and singer (b. 1926)[155]
- 2002 – Helmut Zacharias, German violinist and composer (b. 1920)[156]
- 2003 – Chris Brasher, Guyanese-English runner and journalist, co-founded the London Marathon (b. 1928)[157]
- 2004 – Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian and librarian (b. 1914)[158]
- 2005 – Chris Curtis, English singer and drummer (b. 1941)[159]
- 2006 – Owen Chamberlain, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1920)[160]
- 2007 – Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. American historian and critic (b. 1917)[161]
- 2009 – Paul Harvey, American radio host (b. 1918)[162]
- 2011 – Annie Girardot, French actress (b. 1931)[163]
- 2013 – Donald A. Glaser, American physicist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1926)[164]
- 2014 – Hugo Brandt Corstius, Dutch linguist and author (b. 1935)[165][166]
- 2015 – Yaşar Kemal, Turkish journalist and author (b. 1923)[167][168]
- 2016 – George Kennedy, American actor (b. 1925)[169]
- 2019 – André Previn, German-American pianist, conductor, and composer. (b. 1929)[170]
- 2020 – Joe Coulombe, founder of Trader Joe's (b. 1930)[171]
- 2020 – Freeman Dyson, British-born American physicist and mathematician (b. 1923)[172]
- 2020 – Sir Lenox Hewitt, Australian public servant (b. 1917)[173]
Holidays and observances
- Christian feast day:
- Kalevala Day, also known as the Finnish Culture Day (Finland)[174][175]
- National Science Day (India)[176]
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