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Killers of the Flower Moon (film)

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Killers of the Flower Moon
Theatrical release poster
Directed byMartin Scorsese
Screenplay by
Based onKillers of the Flower Moon
by David Grann
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyRodrigo Prieto
Edited byThelma Schoonmaker
Music byRobbie Robertson
Production
companies
Distributed by
Release dates
  • May 20, 2023 (2023-05-20) (Cannes)
  • October 20, 2023 (2023-10-20) (United States)
Running time
206 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
Languages
Budget$200 million[2]
Box office$154.4 million[3][4]

Killers of the Flower Moon[a] is a 2023 American epic western crime drama film[7] directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese, who also co-wrote the script alongside Eric Roth, based on the 2017 non-fiction book of the same name by David Grann.[8][9] Set in 1920s Oklahoma, it focuses on a series of murders of Osage members and relations in the Osage Nation after oil was discovered on tribal land. The tribal members had retained mineral rights on their reservation, and white opportunists sought to take the tribal members' wealth.[10]

Leonardo DiCaprio, Robert De Niro and Lily Gladstone lead an ensemble cast, that also includes Jesse Plemons, Tantoo Cardinal, John Lithgow and Brendan Fraser. It is the sixth feature film collaboration between Scorsese and DiCaprio, the tenth between Scorsese and De Niro,[11] and the eleventh and final collaboration between Scorsese and composer Robbie Robertson, who died two months before the film's release. The film is dedicated to Robertson.[12]

Development began in March 2016 when Imperative Entertainment won the film adaptation rights to the book. Scorsese and DiCaprio were attached to the film in 2017, with production expected to begin in early 2018. Following several pushbacks and delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic, production was scheduled to begin in February 2021, with Apple TV+ confirmed to finance and distribute the film alongside Paramount Pictures. Principal photography ultimately took place in Osage and Washington counties, Oklahoma, between April and October 2021. The film was produced by Scorsese's Sikelia Productions and DiCaprio's Appian Way Productions, with its $200 million budget reportedly the largest amount ever spent on a film shoot in Oklahoma.[13]

Killers of the Flower Moon premiered at the 76th Cannes Film Festival on May 20, 2023. It was released in the United States on October 20, 2023, by Apple TV+ under their Apple Original Films label, alongside Paramount Pictures which screened the film in IMAX.[14][15][16][17][9] The film has grossed over $154 million worldwide and received critical acclaim, with Scorsese's direction, the screenplay, production values, editing, cinematography, musical score, and cast performances (especially DiCaprio, Gladstone, and De Niro) being highly praised, although the runtime received minor criticism.

Plot

Osage Nation elders bury a ceremonial pipe, mourning their descendants' assimilation into white American society. Wandering through their Oklahoma reservation, which features the annual "flower moon" phenomenon of fields of blooms,[18] several Osage find oil gushing from the ground. The tribe becomes wealthy, as it retains mineral rights and members share in oil-lease revenues, though law requires white court-appointed legal guardians to manage the money of full and half-blood members, assuming them "incompetent".[b]

In 1919, Ernest Burkhart returns from World War I to live with his brother Byron and uncle William King Hale on Hale's large reservation ranch. Hale, a reserve deputy sheriff/cattle rancher popularly called "King", poses as a friendly benefactor of the Osage, speaking their language and bestowing gifts. He suggests that Ernest court Mollie Kyle, an Osage whose family owns oil headrights. Ernest, who alongside Byron has been committing armed robbery against the Osage, meets Mollie via his day job as a cab driver. A romance develops, and the two marry in a ceremony mixing Catholic and Osage elements. Over time, they raise three children.

Hale secretly plans the deaths of several wealthy Osage. He tells Ernest he will inherit more headrights if more of Mollie's family dies. Mollie is diabetic, and her mother Lizzie is ill. After Mollie's sister Minnie dies of a mysterious illness, Hale orders Byron to kill Mollie's other sister, the rebellious Anna. Lizzie and the Osage council blame the reservation's white residents and urge the tribe to fight back.

A newsreel of the 1921 Tulsa race massacre, in which white people destroyed a black community and killed numerous residents, causes further concern amongst the Osage that they could suffer similarly. Lizzie sees her ancestors welcome her to the afterlife as she dies. Hale has Ernest organize the death of Henry Roan, Mollie's first husband, to collect on his life insurance. However, Ernest botches it, causing Hale to brutally paddle him in a Masonic temple.

The local sheriff and judges are corrupt; no investigations are made. An Osage Nation representative seeking to lobby Congress is murdered in Washington, D.C. Mollie hires private detective William J. Burns, but Ernest and Byron beat and chase him away from the reservation.

Despite her illness, Mollie travels to Washington with an Osage delegation and asks President Calvin Coolidge for help. Because of this, Hale persuades Ernest to poison Mollie's insulin to "slow her down". Mollie's condition worsens, and Ernest sometimes swallows the poison himself from shame. Hale orders Ernest to arrange the murders of Reta, Mollie's last remaining sister, and her husband by having criminal Acie Kirby blow up her house. Mollie inherits all her family's headrights.

Due to Mollie's lobbying, the Bureau of Investigation (BOI) sends Agent Thomas Bruce White Sr. and assistants to investigate; they quickly find out the truth. Hale tries to cover his tracks by murdering several of his own men, including Acie, but White arrests Hale and Ernest. The agents find Mollie severely ill and get her proper medical care.

White persuades Ernest to confess and turn state's evidence against Hale. W. S. Hamilton, Hale's attorney, tries to convince Ernest to claim he was tortured and recant. However, after one of his and Mollie's daughters dies of whooping cough, Ernest testifies against his uncle. Hale unsuccessfully tries to have Ernest murdered. Mollie meets with Ernest after he testifies, but leaves him when he will not admit to poisoning her.

A radio show later reveals the aftermath. Ernest and Hale were convicted and received life sentences. Both were paroled after years of incarceration, despite Osage protests to the parole board. Byron served no prison time due to a hung jury.[c] The Shoun brothers, who gave Ernest the poison for Mollie and were implicated in other "wasting deaths", were not prosecuted for lack of evidence. After the trial, Mollie divorced Ernest, remarried, and died of diabetes in 1937 at the age of 50. She was buried with her parents, sisters and daughter. Her obituary did not mention the Osage murders. A 21st century Osage powwow with a large dancing circle is later shown.

Cast

Themes

The analysis of the themes in the book and film has centered on the difference between Killers of the Flower Moon and traditional Westerns in the old Hollywood tradition. In its review of the film, Jorge Cotte of The Nation stated: "Unlike the visions of unbounded freedom found in traditional westerns, Martin Scorsese’s new film is a study of a West bounded by the vertical geometry of oil rigs and the violent conspiracies of powerful men."[23] Cotte then indicated the thematic differences between the book version and the film version of Scorsese's film stating: "At the center of Grann’s book is a set of unsolved crimes: a slew of unsolved murders, then called the 'Reign of Terror,' that tormented the Osage from 1921 to 1926, and the corresponding emergence of a Bureau of Investigation (the eventual FBI) that finally arrives to determine who is doing the murdering. The book is meticulously researched and as diligent in setting the context for these shocking acts as it is in examining J. Edgar Hoover’s role in shaping the bureau and using the murders as a showcase for it... Scorsese’s retelling ends up being narrower in focus. It does away with much of the original’s sense of suspense and Hoover’s role in the investigation, and instead focuses on how an individual descends, through greed, complicity, and cowardice, into unforgivable acts of despoliation and violence."[23]

Production

Development

Director Martin Scorsese (top left) and lead actors Leonardo DiCaprio, Robert De Niro and Lily Gladstone.

On March 10, 2016, Imperative Entertainment won the bidding war to make a film adaptation of David Grann's nonfiction book Killers of the Flower Moon and paid $5 million; the studio's Dan Friedkin and Bradley Thomas would produce the film.[24] In April 2017, it was revealed that Martin Scorsese, Leonardo DiCaprio, and Robert De Niro were considering involvement in the film, adapted by Eric Roth.[25][9] Both De Niro and DiCaprio had long histories of working with Scorsese, but the three had collaborated only once before in the 2015 short film The Audition.[26] In July 2017, production designer Dante Ferretti revealed that filming would begin in early 2018, with Scorsese directing and DiCaprio starring.[27] However, production stalled until October 2018, when it was announced that the film would be Scorsese's next effort after completing The Irishman (2019). At that point, filming was due to begin in summer 2019.[28]

Pre-production

In June 2019, it was announced that Paramount Pictures would distribute the film.[29] On July 26, 2019, Scorsese traveled to the Osage Nation in Pawhuska, Oklahoma, to meet with Principal Chief Geoffrey Standing Bear to discuss how the Osage Nation could be involved with the film's production.[30] Days later, it was reported that De Niro had joined the cast, with filming tentatively set to commence in the summer of 2020.[31]

In December 2019, Rodrigo Prieto, Scorsese's frequent cinematographer since The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), confirmed that the film was expected to start principal photography in March 2020, adding that the "look and feel of the film" was still being figured out.[32] At the 26th Screen Actors Guild Awards on January 19, 2020, DiCaprio confirmed that he and De Niro would star in the film.[33] DiCaprio was paid $30 million for his involvement.[34] In April 2020, it was announced that the filming of Killers of the Flower Moon had been postponed indefinitely in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[35] Meanwhile, Scorsese had reached out to Netflix and Apple TV+ to finance and distribute the film, as Paramount had concerns about the film's budget reaching $200 million. Paramount was still open to a deal to be involved with the film alongside an additional partner.[36] In May 2020, Apple TV+ was announced to co-finance and co-distribute the film, with Paramount remaining as distributor.[37]

In February 2021, Lily Gladstone and Jesse Plemons were added to the cast.[38][39] Though the role of Thomas White, the lead BOI agent, was initially written for DiCaprio, DiCaprio pushed to instead portray a nephew of the film's primary antagonist played by De Niro.[40] As a result, Jesse Plemons was cast as White to replace DiCaprio, while DiCaprio was cast as Ernest Burkhart.[40] In March, Tantoo Cardinal, Cara Jade Myers, JaNae Collins and Jillian Dion were added to the cast.[41] William Belleau, Louis Cancelmi, Jason Isbell, Sturgill Simpson, Tatanka Means, Michael Abbott Jr., Pat Healy, and Scott Shepherd joined in April.[42][43]

In April 2021, Jack Fisk signed on as production designer for the film, marking the first collaboration between the Oscar nominee and Martin Scorsese.[44] In June, Steve Eastin, Gary Basaraba and Barry Corbin joined the cast.[45][46][47] In August 2021, it was announced that Brendan Fraser and John Lithgow had been added to the cast.[48][49]

Filming

Killers of the Flower Moon was expected to begin production in February 2021 in Oklahoma.[2] Principal photography ultimately began on April 19, 2021, with filming taking place in Osage County and Washington County, namely Pawhuska, Fairfax and Bartlesville.[50][51][52]

In a news release before the beginning of filming, Scorsese said: "We are thrilled to finally start production on Killers of the Flower Moon in Oklahoma. To be able to tell this story on the land where these events took place is incredibly important and critical to allowing us to portray an accurate depiction of the time and people. We're grateful to Apple, the Oklahoma Film and Music Office and The Osage Nation, especially all our Osage consultants and cultural advisors, as we prepare for this shoot. We're excited to start working with our local cast and crew to bring this story to life on screen and immortalize a time in American history that should not be forgotten."[53]

On May 13, De Niro suffered a quadriceps muscle injury off-set and returned to New York City for medical attention; production was not delayed, as De Niro's subsequent scenes would be filmed in June 2021.[54] Filming wrapped on October 1, 2021.[55] On March 25, 2022, Osage Nation Principal Chief Geoffrey Standing Bear told the Tulsa Press Club "he was advised Killers of the Flower Moon is tentatively slated to film additional scenes of a traditional community dance in mid-May in Osage County."[56]

In January 2023, Gladstone said that the input of the Osage Nation greatly changed the film from what Scorsese had originally envisioned and that their collaboration had positively affected the film, stating in an interview at the 2023 Sundance Film Festival that "The work is better when you let the world inform your work".[57]

Post-production

Industrial Light & Magic and visual effects supervisor Pablo Helman provided the visual effects for the film after previously collaborating with Scorsese on The Irishman and Silence.[58]

Music

Main article: Killers of the Flower Moon (soundtrack)

Frequent Scorsese collaborator Robbie Robertson, himself having Cayuga and Mohawk ancestry, composed the incidental score.[59] Critics have described it as "old-timey",[60] "bluesy",[59] and "percussive".[61] The film also features a soundtrack of popular music from the 1920s and Native American songs.[59] It was Robertson's final completed film score before he died in August 2023. The film is dedicated to his memory.[62]

Release

Press conference for the film at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival

Killers of the Flower Moon had its world premiere at the 76th Cannes Film Festival on May 20, 2023,[63][64][65] where the film received a nine-minute standing ovation at the end of its screening.[66] The film's United States premiere took place on September 27, 2023, at Alice Tully Hall at Lincoln Center in New York City, with none of the cast members in attendance due to the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike.[67] The film was originally set to open in select theaters on October 6, 2023, before going wide in the United States on October 20, 2023, by Apple TV+ (under their Apple Original Films label) and Paramount Pictures.[68] However, the limited release was later scrapped, with the film receiving a global theatrical rollout on October 20.[14]

As reported by Variety, Italy's Rai Cinema, alongside Leone Film Group, has acquired the rights for local theatrical release over Paramount as they managed to secure the rights in the middle of the film's production progress.[69] Right before the film's second trailer premiered in July 2023, it was announced that the film would also be released in IMAX theatres.[15][16]

A small number of cinemas in Denmark, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Brazil, the Netherlands and the United States inserted their own intermission into the film. The theaters were considered to be in violation of their contract by Paramount and Apple Original Films, who took action to have it stopped. The film has been criticized for its long running time,[70] which Scorsese and editor Thelma Schoonmaker have publicly defended.[71][72]

The film was released on video on demand (VOD) platforms on December 5, 2023.[73]

Reception

Box office

As of December 4, 2023, Killers of the Flower Moon has grossed $66.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $87.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $154.4 million.[3][4] Variety noted that under a traditional theatrical release, the film would need to gross $500–600 million worldwide in order to break-even. However the success of the film could not be based solely on the box office, and would hinge on subscribers driven to Apple TV+ and "on-demand rentals and other revenue streams that wouldn't have been possible by going directly to streaming."[74]

In the United States and Canada, the film was projected to gross $20–25 million from 3,621 theaters in its opening weekend.[75] The film made $9.4 million on its first day, including $2.6 million from Thursday night previews. It went on to debut to $23 million, finishing second behind holdover Taylor Swift: The Eras Tour. The total was above the average Scorsese–DiCaprio collaboration ($19 million), the highest opening of Scorsese–De Niro collaborations (topping Cape Fear's $10.2 million in 1991), and the third-best of Scorsese's career; 61% of the audience was male, with "an amazing" 38% being over 45 years old.[76][77] The film made $9 million in its second weekend (a drop of 61%),[78] then $7 million in its third, finishing in third place both times.[79]

Critical response

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 93% of 431 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 8.5/10. The website's consensus reads: "Enormous in runtime, theme, and achievement, Killers of the Flower Moon is a sobering appraisal of America's relationship with Indigenous peoples and yet another artistic zenith for Martin Scorsese and his collaborators."[80] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 89 out of 100, based on 63 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[81] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale, while those polled by PostTrak gave it an 88% overall positive score, with 72% saying they would definitely recommend the film.[76]

In his review of the "meaty and demanding" film following its premiere at Cannes, Peter Debruge of Variety commended the story, characters and themes, but criticized the runtime: "In its present form, [Killers of the Flower Moon] is still a compelling true story ... It's engrossing from the get-go, the palpable tension methodically echoed by Robbie Robertson's steady-heartbeat score. But it keeps going and going until everyone we care about is dead, dying or behind bars, with nearly an hour still in store".[70] Conversely, David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter opined, "The three-and-a-half-hour running time is fully justified in an escalating tragedy that never loosens its grip" and praised the screenplay, direction, cinematography, score, and cast performances (particularly that of Gladstone).[82]

In The Guardian, Peter Bradshaw called the film an "epic of creeping, existential horror about the birth of the American century, a macabre tale of quasi-genocidal serial killings" and also lauded the "performance of tragic force" by Gladstone.[83] The Los Angeles Times' Justin Chang observed that the film "is both like and unlike anything its director has ever done",[65] writing "Scorsese doesn't just achieve a sense of place; he also pulls off, not for the first time, a passionate and meticulous feat of cultural anthropology. He brings an entire bygone era to rich, teeming life, just before he chokes it off with an all-consuming stench of death."[84][65]

The film's coda in particular drew acclaim for its acknowledgement of the historical silencing of crimes committed against Indigenous peoples, with Joel Robinson of Slate writing the scene "turns the camera both inward and onto the audience simultaneously",[85] and The New Yorker's Richard Brody noting, "Scorsese's control of form and tone, and the bold yet subtle way that he marshals incident, signal that he is intent not merely on narrating history but on troubling the conscience of his (doubtless largely white) audience".[86][87]

Much praise was given to Lily Gladstone's performance, with Anthony Lane of The New Yorker describing her as "unmistakably the movie's most compelling presence",[88] and Justin Chang calling her "an actor who can set off more emotional reverberations with a barely cracked smile than some performers manage in an entire monologue".[84][86][89][87] Richard Brody observed, "[Mollie] is not only the character on whose actions the drama pivots but also the one whose subjectivity, presented sparingly but suggested powerfully, gives the story a sense of inner life."[86]

Some critics lamented the film's decision to focus its narrative on the characters of Ernest and Hale, opining that the character of Mollie felt underdeveloped.[88][86][89] Chang noted "the movie seems curiously reluctant to penetrate the psychology of its Osage characters — a reluctance that feels like timidity, respect or maybe a mix of both."[84] Angelica Jade Bastién of Vulture wrote, "Trapped by the gleam of reverence, [Scorsese] ends up returning to the same racial stereotypes he sought to avoid: The Osage people are noble and connected to the land, but their personalities, their desires, their joys, and, most crucially, their anger remain in the shadowed hallways of a history Scorsese is too timid to approach."[89]

Accolades

Accolades for Killers of the Flower Moon
Award Date of ceremony Category Nominee(s) Result Ref
Hollywood Music in Media Awards November 15, 2023 Best Original Score — Feature Film Robbie Robertson Won [90]
Variety's Power of Women November 16, 2023 Honoree Lily Gladstone Won [91]
Camerimage Film Festival November 18, 2023 Golden Frog Rodrigo Prieto and Martin Scorsese Nominated [92]
Gotham Awards November 27, 2023 Gotham Historical Icon Award Killers of the Flower Moon Awarded [93]
Palm Springs International Film Awards January 4, 2024 Vanguard Award Martin Scorsese, Leonardo DiCaprio, and Lily Gladstone Won [94]
Santa Barbara International Film Festival February 10, 2024 Virtuoso Award Lily Gladstone Won [95]
Hollywood Critics Association Midseason Film Awards July 1, 2022 Most Anticipated Film Killers of the Flower Moon Nominated [96]
June 30, 2023 Nominated [97]
New York Film Critics Circle Awards November 30, 2023 Best Film Won [98]
Best Actress Lily Gladstone Won
National Board of Review December 6, 2023 Best Film Killers of the Flower Moon Won [99]
Best Director Martin Scorsese Won
Best Actress Lily Gladstone Won

Indigenous response

At the film's LA premiere, Christopher Cote, an Osage who was a Osage language consultant for the film, said that he "really wanted this to be from the perspective of Mollie and what her family experienced".[100] Slate's Joel Robinson, an Osage, expressed similar views, adding that he hoped that the success of the film would mean more opportunities for Indigenous filmmakers to tell stories from their own point of view.[85][101] Maureen Lee Lenker notes in Entertainment Weekly that First Nations actress Devery Jacobs, Elora Danan Postoak on Reservation Dogs, shared her reaction to the film: "Being Native, watching this movie was f---ing [sic] hellfire. ... Our pride[,] languages, cultures, joy & love are way more interesting & humanizing than showing the horrors white men inflicted on us."; Jacobs also believes Gladstone "carried Mollie [with] tremendous grace", and that though no performances were weak, "each of the Osage characters felt painfully underwritten, while the white men were given way more courtesy and depth.'"[102] Indigenous commentator Kate Nelson wrote, "When it comes to Native representation, is Killers of the Flower Moon perfect? No. Is it progress? Yes. The film meaningfully moves the entertainment industry forward, making a strong statement that it's no longer acceptable to extract valuable assets from Indigenous communities – whether that be our stories or our natural resources – without our consent and input."[103]

On November 9, 2023, the day that the SAG-AFTRA strike ended, Gladstone posted on social media encouraging Native people to "See it when and only if you feel ready, and see it with people you feel safe with. You'll likely have a lot of generational grief to process."[104][105]

Legislative responses

Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma Matt Pinnell named the film as a reason to increase subsidies for the film industry in Oklahoma. The Filmed in Oklahoma Act of 2021 allocated $30 million to film subsidies. Bills to increase the total available subsidies to $80 million in 2023 failed in the Oklahoma Senate after passing the Oklahoma House of Representatives.[106]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Template:Lang-osa, Mihopa hlaska žika c'eðe.[5][6] The Osage title appears on screen at the end of the film, before the English title.
  2. ^ The federal Burke Act (1906) led to the creation of conservatorships for "incompetent Indians" that required white legal guardians to manage the affairs of Native American wards. All Native Americans with a blood quantum of one-half or more were required to have a court-appointed guardian. Ostensibly set up to protect tribal members, the guardianships became the basis of widespread exploitation of them by white people instead. Appointments historically continued into the 1930s.[19][20]
  3. ^ In addition, Byron, also known as Bryan, had his charges dropped after he turned state's evidence against Kelsie (aka Kelsey) Morrison.[21]
  4. ^ a b "Nonhonzhinga" is translated as medicine man.[22]

References

  1. ^ "Killers of the Flower Moon (15)". British Board of Film Classification. August 31, 2023. Archived from the original on August 31, 2023. Retrieved August 31, 2023.
  2. ^ a b Sharf, Zack (August 7, 2020). "Osage Nation Prepares for Scorsese's $200 Million 'Flower Moon' to Film in February 2021". IndieWire. Archived from the original on December 27, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Killers of the Flower Moon — Financial Information". The Numbers. Nash Information Services, LLC. Retrieved December 5, 2023.
  4. ^ a b "Killers of the Flower Moon". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved December 5, 2023.Edit this at Wikidata
  5. ^ Gladstone, Lily [@lilygladstone] (April 27, 2023). "❤️ 𐓨𐓣͘𐓪͘𐓬𐓘 𐓡𐓧𐓘𐓮𐓤𐓘 𐓻𐓣͘𐓤𐓘 𐓲'𐓟𐓵𐓟 Killers of the Flower Moon • Repost • @osagenews EXCLUSIVE: Apple releases three images from the set of the upcoming 'Killers of the Flower Moon' The images include the film's director, Martin Scorsese, and the three main stars, Indigenous actress Lily Gladstone, Leonardo DiCaprio and Robert De Niro Read more at osagenews.org/exclusive-apple-releases-three-images-from-the-set-of-the-upcoming-killers-of-the-flower-moon/ @leonardodicaprio @martinscorsese_". Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 4, 2023 – via Instagram.
  6. ^ @appletv (April 27, 2023). "𐓨𐓣͘𐓪͘𐓬𐓘 𐓡𐓧𐓘𐓮𐓤𐓘 𐓻𐓣͘𐓤𐓘 𐓲'𐓟𐓵𐓟 Killers of the Flower Moon". Archived from the original on November 6, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2023 – via Instagram.
  7. ^ Sharf, Zack (May 18, 2023). "'Killers of the Flower Moon' Trailer Unites Martin Scorsese, Leonardo DiCaprio, Robert De Niro in an Epic Western Crime Drama". Variety. Archived from the original on May 22, 2023. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  8. ^ "Killers of the Flower Moon". Writers Guild of America West. April 21, 2022. Archived from the original on July 16, 2022. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  9. ^ a b c McClintock, Pamela (April 19, 2023). "Martin Scorsese's 'Killers of the Flower Moon' Clocks in at Three Hours and 26 Minutes". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 19, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
  10. ^ Thompson, Anne (February 21, 2022). "Oscar-Nominated Dune Screenwriter Eric Roth Tells Us He Didn't Love the Book, but That Was a Superpower". IndieWire. Archived from the original on February 27, 2022. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
  11. ^ Altman, Kate (February 1, 2022). "Every Leonardo DiCaprio and Martin Scorsese Movie Collaboration, Ranked". MovieWeb. Archived from the original on February 24, 2022. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
  12. ^ Menta, Anna (October 20, 2023). "'Killers of the Flower Moon' Ends With a Touching Dedication to Longtime Scorsese Collaborator Robbie Robertson". Decider. Archived from the original on October 21, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  13. ^ "Cinematic attraction: 'Killers of the Flower Moon' filming brings tourists to Osage County". The Oklahoman. Archived from the original on September 1, 2023. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  14. ^ a b Galuppo, Mia (August 29, 2023). "Apple Shifts 'Killers of the Flower Moon' Theatrical Release to Worldwide". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on August 29, 2023. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
  15. ^ a b Chapman, Wilson (July 5, 2023). "'Killers of the Flower Moon' Full Trailer: Martin Scorsese's Latest Epic Set for IMAX Release". IndieWire. Archived from the original on July 5, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
  16. ^ a b Tangonan, EJ (July 5, 2023). "Killers of the Flower Moon releases new trailer and is now coming to IMAX theaters". JoBlo.com. Archived from the original on July 5, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
  17. ^ Lang, Brent (March 27, 2023). "Martin Scorsese's 'Killers of the Flower Moon' With Leonardo DiCaprio Gets October Release Date". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on March 27, 2023. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
  18. ^ As the following reference notes, larger plants may kill off smaller ones around May, with symbolic meaning relevant to the film. Grady, Gabrielle (March 19, 2023). "What Does the Title 'Killers of the Flower Moon' Mean". Collider. Archived from the original on October 26, 2023. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  19. ^ Palast, Greg (October 20, 2023). "Scorsese's Killers of the Flower Moon describes the struggles of the Osage people. Here's why they are still fighting". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 25, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  20. ^ "Incompetent Indians". 1492 Project. September 13, 2021. Archived from the original on October 26, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  21. ^ Krehbiel, Randy (October 14, 2023). "The trials and tribulations of convicting the Osage murderers". Tulsa World. Archived from the original on October 28, 2023. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
  22. ^ Duty, Shannon Shaw (May 22, 2023). "REVIEW: 'Killers of the Flower Moon' and the strength of Indigenous women". Osage News. Archived from the original on October 31, 2023. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
  23. ^ a b Cotte, Jorge (November 2023). "The Dark Message of Killers of the Flower Moon". The Nation. Archived from the original on November 21, 2023.
  24. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (March 10, 2016). "Imperative Entertainment Wins 'Killers Of The Flower Moon' Auction With Bombshell $5M Bid". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 26, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
  25. ^ Busch, Anita (April 21, 2017). "Martin Scorsese, Leonardo DiCaprio & Robert De Niro Eyeing 'Killers Of The Flower Moon' From Eric Roth Adaptation". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on March 17, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  26. ^ Miller, Julie (October 27, 2015). "Why Leonardo DiCaprio, Robert De Niro, and Martin Scorsese Convened in a Macau Casino". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on February 29, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
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