User:Amb20m/Olfactory nerve

Function

The afferent nerve fibers of the olfactory receptor neurons transmit nerve impulses about odors to the central nervous system, where they are perceived as smell (olfaction).

The olfactory nerve is special visceral afferent (SVA).

Function

The olfaction system works to ensure that people can successfully identify an extensive range of odorants and distinguish odors from one another^[1]. Odorants interact with the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) at the periphery and transmit olfactory information to the central nervous system via axons at the basal surface^[1]. These axons aggregate, forming the olfactory nerve^[1]^[2]. Therefore, the olfactory nerve works to transduce sensory stimuli in the form of odorants and encode them into electrical signals, which are relayed to higher-order centers through synaptic transmission^[1].

Odor Transduction

Odorants bind to specific odorant receptor proteins contained to the outer surface of olfactory cilia within the olfactory epithelium. Odorant binding to the cilia of an ORN evokes an electrical response, kickstarting odor transduction. An individual ORN contains several microvilli, olfactory cilia, which protrude from a knoblike structure at the apical surface involved in dendritic processes. The olfactory cilia lack the cytoskeletal features of motile cilia and are, therefore, more similar to microvilli like that found in the lungs or gut. Olfactory cilia are actin-rich protrusions supported by scaffolding proteins which help to localize odorant receptors and provide an increased cellular surface for odorant binding.

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References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J.; Fitzpatrick, David, eds. (2018). Neuroscience (Sixth ed.). New York Oxford: Oxford University Press, Sinauer Associates is an imprint of Oxford Universitiy Press. ISBN 978-1-60535-380-7.
^ Bhatia-Dey, Naina; Heinbockel, Thomas (2021-06-29). "The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (13): 6976. doi:10.3390/ijerph18136976. ISSN 1661-7827. PMC 8297221. PMID 34209997.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[:0-1] Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J.; Fitzpatrick, David, eds. (2018). Neuroscience (Sixth ed.). New York Oxford: Oxford University Press, Sinauer Associates is an imprint of Oxford Universitiy Press. ISBN 978-1-60535-380-7.

[2] Bhatia-Dey, Naina; Heinbockel, Thomas (2021-06-29). "The Olfactory System as Marker of Neurodegeneration in Aging, Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (13): 6976. doi:10.3390/ijerph18136976. ISSN 1661-7827. PMC 8297221. PMID 34209997.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

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