Jump to content

Indian Premier League

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Shane Editor (talk | contribs) at 18:16, 7 December 2023 (→Teams). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

"IPL" redirects here. For other uses, see IPL (disambiguation).

Indian Premier League
CountriesIndia
AdministratorBoard of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI)
HeadquartersCricket Centre, Churchgate, Mumbai, Maharashtra
FormatTwenty20
First edition2008
Latest edition2023
Next edition2024
Tournament formatRound Robin format with Group System and Playoffs
Number of teams10
Current championChennai Super Kings
(2023)
Most successfulChennai Super Kings
Mumbai Indians
(5 titles each)
Most runsVirat Kohli (7263)
Most wicketsYuzvendra Chahal (187)
TVIndia
Star Sports (Television)[1]
JioCinema (Internet) [2]
International
List of broadcasters
Websiteiplt20.com
Seasons

The Indian Premier League (IPL) (also known as the TATA IPL for sponsorship reasons) is a men's Twenty20 (T20) cricket league that is annually held in India and contested by ten city-based franchise teams.[3][4] The BCCI founded the league in 2007. The competition is usually held in summer between March and May every year. It has an exclusive window in the ICC Future Tours Programme due to fewer international cricket tours happening during IPL seasons worldwide.[5]

The IPL is the most-popular cricket league in the world; in 2014, it was ranked sixth by average attendance among all sports leagues.[6] In 2010, the IPL became the first sporting event to be broadcast live on YouTube.[7][8] Other Indian sports leagues have been established based on the success of the IPL.[a][11][12][13] The brand value of the league in 2022 was ₹90,038 crore (US$11 billion).[14] According to BCCI, the 2015 IPL season contributed ₹1,150 crore (US$140 million) to the GDP of the economy of India.[15] In December 2022, the IPL became a decacorn valued at US$10.9 billion, registering a 75% growth in dollar terms since 2020 when it was valued at $6.2 billion, according to a report by consulting firm D and P Advisory.[16] Its 2023 final was the most streamed live event on internet with 3.2 crore or 32 million viewers.[17]

In 2023, the league sold its media rights for the period of 2023–2027 for US$6.4 billion to Viacom18 and Star Sports,[18] making the IPL's value per match $13.4 million.[19] As of 2023, there have been sixteen seasons of the tournament. The current champions are Chennai Super Kings, who won the season 2023 after defeating Gujarat Titans in the final at the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad.[20]

History

Winners
Indian Premier League
Season Winners
2008 Rajasthan Royals
2009 Deccan Chargers
2010 Chennai Super Kings
2011 Chennai Super Kings (2)
2012 Kolkata Knight Riders
2013 Mumbai Indians
2014 Kolkata Knight Riders (2)
2015 Mumbai Indians (2)
2016 Sunrisers Hyderabad
2017 Mumbai Indians (3)
2018 Chennai Super Kings (3)
2019 Mumbai Indians (4)
2020 Mumbai Indians (5)
2021 Chennai Super Kings (4)
2022 Gujarat Titans
2023 Chennai Super Kings (5)

Background

The Indian Cricket League (ICL) was founded in 2007 with funding provided by Zee Entertainment Enterprises.[21] The ICL was not recognised by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) or the International Cricket Council (ICC), and the BCCI was unhappy about its own committee members joining the ICL executive board.[22] To prevent players from joining the ICL, the BCCI increased the prize money associated with its domestic tournaments and imposed lifetime bans on any player joining the rival league, which the BCCI considered a rebel league.[23][24]

Foundation

A match during the 2008 IPL inaugural season in Chennai

On 13 September 2007,[25] following India's victory at the 2007 T20 World Cup,[26] the BCCI announced a franchise-based Twenty20 cricket (T20) competition called the Indian Premier League. The first season was scheduled to start in April 2008 in a "high-profile ceremony" at New Delhi. BCCI vice-president Lalit Modi, who led the IPL effort, provided details of the tournament, including its format, prize money, franchise revenue system, and squad composition rules. The new league, which would be run by a seven-man governing council, would also be the qualifying mechanism for that year's Champions League Twenty20.[25]

To determine team ownership, an auction of franchises was held on 24 January 2008; the reserve prices of the eight franchises totalled $400 million,[24] although the auction raised a total of $723.59 million.[27] As a result of the ban imposed on players opting to participate in the ICL, the rival league closed down in 2009.[28][29]

Expansions and terminations

Crowd during a match of the 2023 IPL season in Kolkata

New franchises Pune Warriors India and Kochi Tuskers Kerala joined the league before the fourth season in 2011.[30] Sahara Adventure Sports Group bought the Pune franchise for $370 million while Rendezvous Sports World bought the Kochi franchise for $333.3 million.[30] The Kochi franchise was terminated after only one season when they failed to pay the BCCI the 10% bank guarantee element of the franchise.[31]

In September 2012, after failing to find new owners, the Deccan Chargers franchise agreement was terminated.[32] In October, an auction for a replacement franchise was held; Sun TV Network won the bid for what became the Hyderabad franchise;[33] the team was named Sunrisers Hyderabad.[34]

Pune Warriors India withdrew from the IPL in May 2013 over financial differences with the BCCI.[35] The BCCI officially terminated the franchise in October, and the league reverted to eight teams.[36]

In June 2015, two-time champions Chennai Super Kings and the inaugural season champions Rajasthan Royals were suspended for two seasons following their role in a spot-fixing and betting scandal.[37] The two teams were replaced for two seasons by franchises based at Pune and Rajkot.[38][39]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the venue for the 2020 season was moved and games were played in the United Arab Emirates.[40][41] In August 2021, the BCCI announced two new franchises, based in two of six shortlisted cities, would join the league in the 2022 season.[42][43] In closed bidding held in October, RPSG Group and CVC Capital won the bids for the teams, paying ₹7,000 crore (US$840 million) and ₹5,200 crore (US$620 million).[44][45] The teams were subsequently named Lucknow Super Giants and Gujarat Titans.

A number of IPL franchise owners have expanded their business by acquiring teams in other franchise leagues, such as the South African SA20, the Caribbean Premier League and the US Major League Cricket. Teams have been branded with similar names to their parent IPL franchises.[46]

Organisation

The IPL's headquarters is situated inside the Cricket Centre next to the Wankhede Stadium in Churchgate, Mumbai. The Governing Council is responsible for the league's functions, including tournament organisation. As of April 2023, its members were:[47]

Player acquisition, squad composition, and salaries

A team can acquire players through the annual player auction, trading with other teams during trading windows, and signing replacements for unavailable players. Players sign up for the auction[50] and set their base price and are bought by the highest-bidding franchise. Players unsold at the auction are eligible to be signed as replacement signings. In the trading windows, a player can only be traded with consent; the franchise pays any difference between the old and new contracts. If the new contract is worth more than the old one, the player and the selling franchise share the difference. There are generally three trading windows – two before the auction and one between the auction and the start of the tournament. Players cannot be traded outside the trading windows or during the tournament, whereas replacements can be signed before or during the tournament.

Some of the rules for franchises, as of the 2020 season, are:

  • The salary cap of the entire squad must not exceed ₹85 crore (US$10 million).[51]
  • Under-19 players cannot be picked unless they have previously played first-class or List A cricket.[52]

Player contracts run for one year; the franchise can extend the contract by one or two years. Since the 2014 season, player contracts have been denominated in the Indian rupee, before which the contracts were in the US dollar. Overseas players can be remunerated in the currency of the player's choice at the exchange rate on either the contract-due date or the actual payment date.[53] Before the 2014 season, Indian domestic players were not included in the player auction pool. They could be signed up by franchises at a discrete amount while a fixed sum of ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) to ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) would be deducted per signing from the franchise's salary purse. This received significant opposition from franchise owners, who complained richer franchises were "luring players with under-the-table deals." The IPL later decided to include domestic players in the player auction.[54]

The BCCI give 10% of foreign players' salary to their country's national cricket board.[55]

According to a 2015 survey by Sporting Intelligence and ESPN The Magazine, the average IPL salary when pro-rated is US$4.33 million per year, the second-highest of sports leagues in the world. Because players in the IPL are contracted only for the duration of the tournament – less than two months – the weekly IPL salaries are extrapolated pro data to obtain an average annual salary, unlike other sports leagues in which players are contracted by a single team for the entire year.[56]

According to a report by The Telegraph, IPL players are paid 18% of the revenue, which is the lowest amount compared to other major sports leagues. Most sports leagues pay the players at least 50% of the revenue. The Federation of International Cricketers' Associations said that IPL players must be paid fairly.[57][58][59]

Prize money

The 2022 season of the IPL offered total prize money of ₹46.5 crore (equivalent to ₹49 crore or US$5.9 million in 2023), with the winning team netting ₹20 crore (equivalent to ₹21 crore or US$2.5 million in 2023) and the second-placed team ₹13 crore (equivalent to ₹14 crore or US$1.7 million in 2023).[60][61] League rules mandate that half of any prize money must be distributed amongst the franchise's players.[62]

Rules

The IPL has a number of rules which vary from the established Laws of cricket or those used in other Twenty20 leagues:

  • IPL games incorporate television timeouts. Each team is given a two-and-a-half-minute "strategic time-out" during each innings. One must be taken by the bowling team between the seventh and ninth overs and the other by the batting team between the 14th and 16th overs. A penalty may be imposed if umpires find teams misusing this privilege.[63]
  • Since the 2018 season, the Decision Review System (DRS) has been used in all IPL matches, allowing each team two opportunities each innings to review an on-field umpire's decision.[64] From the 2023 season, this was extended to allow the review of wides ad no-balls.[65]
  • If the bowling team does not complete its overs in the allocated time, it may place only four fielders outside of the fielding restrictions circle for the remainder of the innings,[65] or the match referee may impose financial sanctions on the bowling team after the match, with players fined a proportion of their match fee.[66]
  • Teams can use a substitute, termed an "impact player", from a list of five players named as possible substitutes. The substitution can be made before the start of innings, when a wicket falls, when a batter retires, or at the end of an over. Both teams can introduce a substitute once per match.[67][68]
  • Teams can declare their playing eleven to the match-referee before or after the toss.[67]
  • A five run penalty is imposed if a fielder or wicket-keeper makes an unfair movement while the bowler is bowling and the ball is designated as dead ball.[69][65][67]
  • Teams can include a maximum of four overseas players in their playing eleven.[68]
  • Teams must include 15 players in their squad, with a maximum of eight overseas players.[70]

Teams

As of the 2023 season, the league has ten teams based in cities across India.

class=notpageimage|
The cities that current IPL teams are based in
Team City State Home ground Debut Captain Head coach
Chennai Super Kings Chennai Tamil Nadu M. A. Chidambaram Stadium 2008 M. S. Dhoni Stephen Fleming
Delhi Capitals New Delhi Delhi Arun Jaitley Stadium 2008 David Warner Ricky Ponting
Gujarat Titans Ahmedabad Gujarat Narendra Modi Stadium 2022 Shubman Gill Ashish Nehra
Kolkata Knight Riders Kolkata West Bengal Eden Gardens 2008 Nitish Rana Chandrakant Pandit
Lucknow Super Giants Lucknow Uttar Pradesh BRSABV Ekana Stadium 2022 KL Rahul Justin Langer
Mumbai Indians Mumbai Maharashtra Wankhede Stadium 2008 Rohit Sharma Mark Boucher
Punjab Kings Mohali Punjab Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium 2008 Shikhar Dhawan Trevor Bayliss
Rajasthan Royals Jaipur Rajasthan Sawai Mansingh Stadium 2008 Sanju Samson Kumar Sangakara
Royal Challengers Bangalore Bangalore Karnataka M. Chinnaswamy Stadium 2008 Faf du Plessis Andy Flower
Sunrisers Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana Rajiv Gandhi Stadium 2013 Aiden Markram Daniel Vettori

Defunct teams

Team City State Home ground Debut Dissolved Owner(s)
Deccan Chargers Hyderabad Telangana Rajiv Gandhi Stadium 2008 2012
Kochi Tuskers Kerala Kochi Kerala Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium 2011 2011
  • Kochi Cricket Pvt Ltd
Pune Warriors India Pune Maharashtra Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium 2011 2013
Rising Pune Supergiant Pune Maharashtra Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium 2016 2018
Gujarat Lions Rajkot Gujarat Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium 2016 2018

Timeline of teams

Present teams Former teams Suspended

Tournament seasons and results

Main articles: List of Indian Premier League seasons and results and List of Indian Premier League records and statistics

With five titles each, Chennai Super Kings and Mumbai Indians have won the most tournaments. Kolkata Knight Riders have won two,[71] and Rajasthan Royals, Deccan Chargers, Sunrisers Hyderabad and Gujarat Titans have all won a single title.[72][73][74]

As of 2023, the current champions are Chennai Super Kings, who defeated Gujarat Titans by five wickets in the 2023 IPL final to secure their fifth title.

Number of titles

Team Title(s) Runner-up Seasons won Seasons runner-up No. of seasons played
Chennai Super Kings 5 5 2010, 2011, 2018, 2021, 2023 2008, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2019 14
Mumbai Indians 1 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020 2010 16
Kolkata Knight Riders 2 2012, 2014 2021 16
Rajasthan Royals 1 2008 2022 14
Sunrisers Hyderabad 2016 2018 11
Gujarat Titans 2022 2023 2
Deccan Chargers† – 2009 – 5
Royal Challengers Bangalore – 3 – 2009, 2011, 2016 16
Punjab Kings 1 2014 16
Delhi Capitals 2020 16
Rising Pune Supergiant† 2017 2

† Team now defunct

Finals

Season Winner Winning margin Runner-up Final venue Player of the season
2008 Rajasthan Royals
164/7 (20 overs) 		Royals won by 3 wickets
Scorecard 		Chennai Super Kings
163/5 (20 overs) 		DY Patil Stadium, Navi Mumbai Shane Watson (RR)
2009 Deccan Chargers
143/6 (20 overs) 		Chargers won by 6 runs
Scorecard 		Royal Challengers Bangalore
137/9 (20 overs) 		Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg Adam Gilchrist (DC)
2010 Chennai Super Kings
168/5 (20 overs) 		Super Kings won by 22 runs
Scorecard 		Mumbai Indians
146/9 (20 overs) 		DY Patil Stadium, Navi Mumbai Sachin Tendulkar (MI)
2011 Chennai Super Kings
205/5 (20 overs) 		Super Kings won by 58 runs
Scorecard 		Royal Challengers Bangalore
147/8 (20 overs) 		M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai Chris Gayle (RCB)
2012 Kolkata Knight Riders
192/5 (19.4 overs) 		Knight Riders won by 5 wickets
Scorecard 		Chennai Super Kings
190/3 (20 overs) 		M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai Sunil Narine (KKR)
2013 Mumbai Indians
148/9 (20 overs) 		Indians won by 23 runs
Scorecard 		Chennai Super Kings
125/9 (20 overs) 		Eden Gardens, Kolkata Shane Watson (RR)
2014 Kolkata Knight Riders
200/7 (19.3 overs) 		Knight Riders won by 3 wickets
Scorecard 		Kings XI Punjab
199/4 (20 overs) 		M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengaluru Glenn Maxwell (KXIP)
2015 Mumbai Indians
202/5 (20 overs) 		Indians won by 41 runs
Scorecard 		Chennai Super Kings
161/8 (20 overs) 		Eden Gardens, Kolkata Andre Russell (KKR)
2016 Sunrisers Hyderabad
208/7 (20 overs) 		Sunrisers won by 8 runs
Scorecard 		Royal Challengers Bangalore
200/7 (20 overs) 		M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengaluru Virat Kohli (RCB)
2017 Mumbai Indians
129/8 (20 overs) 		Indians won by 1 run
Scorecard 		Rising Pune Supergiant
128/6 (20 overs) 		Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Hyderabad Ben Stokes (RPSG)
2018 Chennai Super Kings
181/2 (18.3 overs) 		Super Kings won by 8 wickets
Scorecard 		Sunrisers Hyderabad
178/6 (20 overs) 		Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai Sunil Narine (KKR)
2019 Mumbai Indians
149/8 (20 overs) 		Indians won by 1 run
Scorecard 		Chennai Super Kings
148/7 (20 overs) 		Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Hyderabad Andre Russell (KKR)
2020 Mumbai Indians
157/5 (18.4 overs) 		Indians won by 5 wickets
Scorecard 		Delhi Capitals
156/7 (20 overs) 		Dubai International Cricket Stadium, Dubai Jofra Archer (RR)
2021 Chennai Super Kings
192/3 (20 overs) 		Super Kings won by 27 runs
Scorecard 		Kolkata Knight Riders
165/9 (20 overs) 		Dubai International Cricket Stadium, Dubai Harshal Patel (RCB)
2022 Gujarat Titans
133/3 (18.1 overs) 		Titans Won by 7 wickets
Scorecard 		Rajasthan Royals
130/9 (20 overs) 		Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad Jos Buttler (RR)
2023 Chennai Super Kings
171/5 (15 overs) 		Super Kings won by 5 wickets (DLS)
Scorecard 		Gujarat Titans
214/4 (20 overs) 		Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad Shubman Gill (GT)

Teams' performances

Season
(No. of teams) 		2008
(8) 		2009
(8) 		2010
(8) 		2011
(10) 		2012
(9) 		2013
(9) 		2014
(8) 		2015
(8) 		2016
(8) 		2017
(8) 		2018
(8) 		2019
(8) 		2020
(8) 		2021
(8) 		2022
(10) 		2023
(10)
Chennai Super Kings RU SF C C RU RU PO RU Suspended C RU 7th C 9th C
Delhi Capitals / Delhi Daredevils SF SF 5th 10th PO 9th 8th 7th 6th 6th 8th PO RU PO 5th 9th
Gujarat Titans – C RU
Kolkata Knight Riders 6th 8th 6th PO C 7th C 5th PO PO PO 5th 5th RU 7th 7th
Lucknow Super Giants – PO PO
Mumbai Indians 5th 7th RU PO PO C PO C 5th C 5th C C 5th 10th PO
Punjab Kings / Kings XI Punjab SF 5th 8th 5th 6th 6th RU 8th 8th 5th 7th 6th 6th 6th 6th 8th
Rajasthan Royals C 6th 7th 6th 7th PO 5th PO Suspended PO 7th 8th 7th RU 5th
Royal Challengers Bangalore 7th RU 3rd RU 5th 5th 7th PO RU 8th 6th 8th PO PO PO 6th
Deccan Chargers† 8th C 4th 7th 8th –
Kochi Tuskers Kerala† – 8th –
Pune Warriors / Pune Warriors India† – 9th 9th 8th –
Sunrisers Hyderabad – PO 6th 6th C PO RU PO PO 8th 8th 10th
Gujarat Lions† – PO 7th –
Rising Pune Supergiant† – 7th RU –
  • Teams are listed alphabetically by year of entry into the league

† Team now defunct

  •   C: champions
  •   RU: runner-up
  •   3rd: team won the 3rd place playoff. A third place playoff only took place in 2010
  •   4th: team lost the 3rd place playoff
  •   SF or PO: team qualified for the semi-final or playoff stage of the competition

Records and statistics

Main article: List of Indian Premier League records and statistics

A summary of the most notable statistical records associated with the tournament is provided below:

As of 25 August 2023
Batting Records
Most runs Virat Kohli (RCB) 7,263
Highest score Chris Gayle (RCB) 175 not out vs Pune Warriors India (23 April 2013)
Highest partnership Virat Kohli & AB de Villiers (RCB) 229 vs Gujarat Lions (14 May 2016)
Most sixes Chris Gayle (KKR/RCB/PBKS) 357
Most fours Shikhar Dhawan (DD/MI/DC/SRH/PBKS) 750
Most centuries Virat Kohli (RCB) 7
Bowling Records
Most wickets Yuzvendra Chahal (MI/RCB/RR) 187
Best bowling figures Alzarri Joseph (MI) 6/12 vs Sunrisers Hyderabad (6 April 2019)
Fielding
Most dismissals (wicket-keeper) MS Dhoni (CSK/RPS) 180
Most catches (fielder) Suresh Raina (CSK/GL) 109
Other records
Most matches MS Dhoni (CSK/RPS) 250
Most matches as captain MS Dhoni (CSK/RPS) 227
Team records
Highest total Royal Challengers Bangalore 263/5 (20) vs Pune Warriors India (23 April 2013)
Lowest total Royal Challengers Bangalore 49 (9.4) vs Kolkata Knight Riders (23 April 2017)

Awards

Main article: List of Indian Premier League awards

Orange Cap

The Orange Cap, introduced in 2008, is awarded to the highest run-scorer at the end of each season. It is an ongoing competition with the current highest-run scorer wearing the cap whilst fielding. The eventual winner keeps the cap for the season. Brendon McCullum was the first player to wear the Orange Cap and Shaun Marsh the inaugural winner of the award. Australian batsman David Warner has won the award three times, more than any other player.[76] Shubman Gill of Gujarat Titans, who scored 890 runs during the 2023 season, is the most recent winner of the award.[77][78]

Purple Cap

The Purple Cap is awarded to the highest wicket-taker at the end of each season. It is an ongoing competition and the bowler who is the leading wicket-taker wears a purple cap whilst fielding. The leading wicket-taker at the end of the season wins the award. Bhuvneshwar Kumar and Dwayne Bravo are the only players to have won the award twice.[79][80]

Most Valuable Player

The Most Valuable Player award, called the "Man of the Tournament" until the 2012 season, is awarded using a ratings system introduced in 2013. Shubman Gill won the award in 2023.

Fair Play Award

The Fair Play Award is given after each season to the team considered to have the best fair play record. After each match, the two on-field umpires and the third umpire score the performance of both teams, with the highest scoring team at the end of the season receiving the award.[81] The 2023 winners were Delhi Capitals.

Emerging Player Award

The Emerging Player Award was presented to the best under-19 player in 2008 and the best under-23 player in 2009 and 2010. In 2011 and 2012, the award was known as "Rising Star of the Year," and in 2013 the "Best Young Player of the Season." Since 2014, the award has been called the Emerging Player of the Year.[82] The 2023 winner was Yashasvi Jaiswal.

Maximum Sixes Award

The Maximum Sixes Award is presented to the player who hits the most sixes at the end of the season.[83]

Finances

See also: List of professional sports leagues by revenue

Title sponsorship

Title sponsorship fees[84]
Sponsor Period Estimated annual sponsorship fee
DLF 2008–2012 ₹40 crore (US$4.8 million)
Pepsi 2013–2015 ₹79.2 crore (US$9.5 million)
Vivo 2016–2017 ₹100 crore (US$12.0 million)
2018–2019 ₹440 crore (US$52.7 million)
Dream11 2020 ₹222 crore (US$26.6 million)
Vivo 2021 ₹440 crore (US$52.7 million)
Tata 2022–2023 ₹335 crore (US$40.1 million)

From 2008 to 2012, the IPL title sponsor was DLF, India's largest real estate developer, which bid ₹200 crore (US$24 million) for the rights for five seasons.[85] After the 2012 season, PepsiCo bought the title sponsorship rights for ₹397 crore (US$48 million) for the next five seasons[86] but terminated the deal in October 2015, two years before the expiry of the contract, due to the two-season suspension of the Chennai and Rajasthan franchises from the league.[87] The BCCI transferred the title sponsorship rights for the remaining two seasons of the contract to Chinese smartphone manufacturer Vivo for ₹200 crore (US$24 million).[88]

In June 2017, Vivo retained the rights for the next five seasons from 2018 to 2022 with a winning bid of ₹2,199 crore (US$260 million).[89][90] On 4 August 2020, Vivo canceled the title sponsorship rights due to the military stand-off between India and China at the Line of Actual Control in July 2020.[91] The withdrawal was also a result of Vivo's market losses due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; Vivo intended to return as the title sponsor for the following three years.[92] Dream11 bagged the title sponsorship for the 2020 IPL for an amount of ₹222 crore (equivalent to ₹261 crore or US$31 million in 2023).[93] Vivo returned as the title sponsor for the 2021 IPL season[94] but withdrew again, and was replaced by the Tata Group for the next two seasons.[95] InsideSport reported the BCCI would receive ₹498 crore (US$60 million) for the 2022 and 2023 seasons from title sponsors. Vivo had previously agreed to pay a higher amount for the last two seasons of its sponsorship contract due to the league's expansion from the 2022 season. According to InsideSport, due to the new deal's structure, Tata would pay ₹335 crore (US$40 million) per year while Vivo would pay the deficit of ₹163 crore (US$20 million) per season.[96][97]

Saudi Aramco brought the rights to advertise on the Purple and Orange caps in 2022.[98]

Payments to foreign national boards

The BCCI pays ten percent of the auctioned value of a player to their respective cricket board. In January 2018, IPL chairman Rajiv Shukla said the IPL would double the amount paid to cricket boards that made their players available for an entire season.[99] In 2022, Australian Cricketers' Association expressed its unhappiness about this.[100]

Brand value

The IPL tournament rapidly grew in value between 2016 and 2018. Financial experts valued the IPL at US$4.16 billion in 2016; that number grew to $5.3 billion in 2017 and $6.13 billion in 2018. A report from Duff & Phelps said one of the contributing factors in the rapid growth of the IPL's value was a new television deal with Star India Private Limited, which engaged more viewers because the IPL was transmitted to regional channels in eight languages; under the previous deal, the transmissions were limited to sports networks with English-language commentary.[101][102]

According to an independent report conducted by Brand Finance, a London-based company, after the conclusion of the 2017 Indian Premier League, the IPL's business value grew by 37% to an all-time peak of $5.3 billion, exceeding the five-billion-dollar mark for the first time in a season. According to the company's director Savio D'Souza:

Now in its 11th season, the Indian Premier League is here to stay. The league has delivered financially for the players, franchisees, sponsors, and India as a whole, prompting a strong desire among stakeholders to value it appropriately. To ensure continued development, management, and team owners must explore innovative ways of engaging fans, clubs, and sponsors.[103][relevant?]

In December 2022, the IPL became a decacorn valued at US$10.9 billion, registering a 75% growth in dollar terms since 2020 when it was valued at $6.2 billion, according to a report by consulting firm D & P Advisory.[16]

Brand value
Team Year
2023 2022 2021
Brand value Ref Brand value Ref Brand value Ref
Mumbai Indians ₹9,962 crore (US$1.2 billion) [104] $83M [105][106][104] $80M [105]
Kolkata Knight Riders ₹8,428 crore (US$1.0 billion) [citation needed] $77M $66M
Chennai Super Kings ₹8,811 crore (US$1.1 billion) [citation needed] $74M $76M
Royal Challengers Bangalore ₹7,853 crore (US$940.9 million) [citation needed] $68M $50M
Delhi Capitals ₹7,930 crore (US$950.2 million) [citation needed] $62M $56M
Rajasthan Royals ₹7,662 crore (US$918.1 million) [citation needed] $61M $34M
Sunrisers Hyderabad ₹7,432 crore (US$890.5 million) [citation needed] $49M $52M
Gujarat Titans ₹6,512 crore (US$780.3 million) [citation needed] $47M N/A
Punjab Kings ₹7,087 crore (US$849.2 million) [citation needed] $45M $36M
Lucknow Super Giants ₹8,236 crore (US$986.8 million) [citation needed] $32M N/A

In 2022, the BCCI took insurance of ₹5,000 crore (US$600 million) for the IPL. This insurance policy involves all stakeholders, including broadcasters, ancillary services providers, and sponsors. The BCCI is covered in the case of any revenue losses due to weather, riots, and other unforeseen events.[107]

Broadcasting

2008–2017: Sony Pictures Networks

The IPL's broadcast rights were held by a partnership between Sony Pictures Networks (SPN) and World Sport Group (WSG) under a ten-year contract valued at US$1.03 billion; SPN held domestic rights in India while WSG handled international distribution.[108][109] The initial plan was for twenty percent of these proceeds to go to the IPL, eight percent as prize money and seventy-two percent would be distributed to the franchisees from 2008 until 2012, after which the IPL would go public and list its shares.[110] In March 2010, however, the IPL decided not to go public and list its shares.[111] As of the 2016 season, Sony Max, Sony Six, and Sony ESPN served as the IPL's domestic broadcasters; Max and Six aired broadcasts with commentary in Hindi, SIX also aired broadcasts in Bengali, Tamil, Kannada and Telugu, while Sony ESPN aired broadcasts in English.[112] SPN also produced Extraaa Innings T20, a combination of a post-match show with an entertainment talk show featuring celebrity guests.[113][114]

The IPL became a major television property within India; Sony Max is typically the most-watched television channel in the country during the tournament,[115] and by 2016, annual advertising revenue exceeded ₹12 billion (US$140 million). Viewership numbers were expected to increase further during the 2016 season due to the industry adoption of the new Broadcast Audience Research Council audience measurement system, which calculates viewership in both urban and rural markets rather than only urban markets.[116][112]

2018–2022: Star Sports and Hotstar

On 4 September 2017, it was announced the IPL's then-current digital rights holder Star India had acquired the global media rights to the IPL under a five-year contract beginning in 2018.[117] The contract was valued at ₹163.475 billion (US$2.55 billion), a 158% increase over the previous deal, and the most expensive broadcast rights deal in the history of cricket. The IPL sold the rights in packages for domestic television, domestic digital, and international rights; although Sony held the highest bid for domestic television and Facebook made a US$600 million bid for domestic digital rights – which US media interpreted as a sign Facebook was interested in pursuing professional sports rights – [118][119] Star was the only bidder from the shortlist of 14 to make bids in all three categories.[120][121][122]

Star Sports broadcast matches on television and Hotstar streamed matches in India and other markets.[123][124] In September 2018, Star and mobile carrier Jio reached a five-year sub-licencing agreement under which all domestic cricket matches aired by Hotstar would also be available via the Jio TV service for Jio Prime mobile subscribers.[125] Throughout the 2019 season, international streaming viewership on Hotstar broke records, exceeding 10 million concurrent viewers multiple times. The 2019 final broke these records, peaking at 18.6 million concurrent streaming viewers.[126]

2023–2027: Star Sports and JioCinema

The next cycle of IPL media rights will last from 2023 to 2027 and was put to auction.[127] In this auction, the broadcasting rights were divided into four packages. Package A was for domestic television rights, and Package B was for domestic digital rights. Package C was for the digital rights of eighteen non-exclusive matches, and Package D was for international television and digital rights, further divided into four groups. On 13 June 2022, it was reported the packages for domestic television and streaming rights had fetched at least ₹397.75 billion (nearly US$5.1 billion) in total, doubling the value of the 2018–2022 contract.[127]

The next day, it was announced that Star Sports had renewed its contract for television rights by winning package A, and that a Viacom18 consortium had exclusively acquired the streaming rights by winning both Package B and C.[128] The two contracts for Package A and B are cumulatively valued at around US$6.2 billion; with the new contracts, the IPL overtook the Premier League in English football as the second highest-valued sports media property worldwide, behind only the NFL, whose new media contracts taking effect in the 2023 season cumulatively fetched US$111 billion.[129][130][131][132]

In February 2023, Viacom18 announced it would stream the 2023 IPL for free on JioCinema with feeds in 12 languages, including English and regional languages, and in 4K resolution.[133][134][135] The same month, The Walt Disney Company reported its loss of the IPL had contributed to a net loss of 2.4 million Disney+ subscribers worldwide, primarily in India.[136][137]

Ahead of the 2023 IPL, Star launched HD feeds of Star Sports 1 in Tamil and Telugu and announced its free-to-air channel Star Utsav Movies would carry twelve matches. It was anticipated viewership of Star Sports' broadcasts may not be heavily impacted by the Jio deal due to its existing market reach (including as rights holder of India's home matches) and viewers who preferred linear television due to being less familiar with over-the-top services, or concerns over technical issues associated with such services. JioCinema reported the IPL had 1.4 billion views on the service over the opening weekend, which was higher than the entirety of the 2022 season on Disney+ Hotstar.[138][139] The 2023 final set a record for the most concurrent viewers of a livestreamed event, peaking at over 32 million viewers (surpassing a record of 25.3 million set by Hotstar during the 2019 Cricket World Cup).[140][141]

List of broadcasters

In June 2022 media-rights auction, Sky Sports and Viacom18 acquired the rights for the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, while Times Internet gained the rights for the Middle East, North Africa, and the US.[142]

Territory Channels and Online streaming Years
India Star Sports 2023–2027[1]
Jio Cinema (Internet) 2023–2027[2]
Bangladesh T Sports, GTV 2022[143]
T Sports App 2023
Afghanistan Ariana Television Network 2022[144]
Australia Foxtel, Fox Cricket, Kayo Sports, Kayo Freebies (Internet) 2023–present[1]
Indonesia Vidio (Internet) 2023–present[145]
Ireland Sky Sports, DAZN 2023–present
United Kingdom
Middle East and North Africa Times Internet 2023[1]
New Zealand Sky Sport 2021–present
South Africa SuperSport 2023[1]
Sub-Saharan Africa SuperSport 2021–present
United States Willow TV 2023[1]

Controversies

IPL spot fixing

In the 2012 IPL spot-fixing case, the BCCI gave a lifetime ban to Deccan Chargers player TP Sudhindra and suspended four other players.[146] In a sting operation, Pune Warriors India player Mohnish Mishra was recorded stating that IPL franchise owners pay their players through black money. Mishra had apologized for his incorrect statement.[147][148] On 20 May 2012, police detained Rahul Sharma and Wayne Parnell when they were caught during a raid at a rave party at a suburb of Mumbai; both the players denied taking drugs or drinking alcohol.[149] However, it was later proven that in reality, they had taken banned drugs after police tested their urine and blood samples in a lab.[150]

In the 2013 IPL spot-fixing and betting case, Delhi police arrested players Ajit Chandila, Ankeet Chavan and S. Sreesanth on allegations of spot-fixing; they received a lifetime ban from the BCCI. Police also arrested Gurunath Meiyappan, Chennai Super Kings' team principal and son-in-law of then BCCI president N. Srinivasan, for illegally betting on IPL matches and passing team information to the bookmakers.[151][152]

The Lodha Committee, appointed by the Supreme Court of India, banned Rajasthan Royals (RR) and Chennai Super Kings (CSK) for two years. The CSK's team principal Meiyappan was found guilty of betting and bringing the IPL and the game into disrepute. After this, the BCCI banned Meiyappan from involving in the game. Justice RM Lodha said that due to all this fixing-betting matter, the reputation of the game has been hurt quite grievously. "Disrepute has been brought to cricket, the BCCI and the IPL to such an extent that there are doubts abound in the public whether the game is clean or not," Justice Lodha said. He further elaborated his Committee's observations and said it had proved beyond doubt that Gurunath Meiyappan, the CSK's team principal, was heavily involved in betting on his team.[153]

Strategic timeouts

In its 3rd season in 2010, the IPL administration brought a new rule: "strategic timeout" of seven minutes and fifty seconds duration in each inning. Franchises and Sachin Tendulkar disapproved of it. Many saw it as the BCCI's use of 'extended drinks break' to earn money; it faced widespread backlash.[154][155] Then IPL president said that the rule is intended to allow teams to make strategies amid the game. Still, critics disagreed with this argument and said that the strategic time-out is a way to generate money. Later, the BCCI reduced its duration but still applied it.[155]

These timeouts boost the IPL's revenue; every 10-second slot gets sold for ₹5 lakhs or more.[156][157] Due to these time-outs, an IPL match halts four times for more than 10 minutes. As per Sunil Gavaskar, along with many other reasons, Strategic Timeouts (ST) delay the IPL matches, and they do not end at the stipulated time of 3 hours and 10 minutes, instead end after 4 hours.[158] Amid the Super Giants against Mumbai Indians eliminator game in 2023, on-air he uttered, "How many times batsmen get out after a strategic timeout," indicating that it plays negative role in immediate fall of wickets by disrupting concentration of the batters.[159]

Some cricketers have criticized strategic timeouts for interrupting the flow of play. In the past, it even faced a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) with the possibility that ST breaks were being used by bookies to connect with the players. In the past, IPL's stakeholders admitted that STs are unavoidable because it gives the BCCI and broadcasters additional time for more ads. In 2013, after a spot-fixing matter, then-president N. Shrinivasan got sacked due to a pending inquiry, and Jagmohan Dalmia got appointed as interim president. Dalmia expressed openly that he wants to end STs and take other measures to restrain malpractices in the IPL.[154]

Incidents with players

In 2008 edition, after a game, Harbhajan Singh, who was playing for Mumbai Indians, slapped S. Sreesanth. The IPL fined and banned him from the remaining entire edition. However, years later, he apologized Sreesanth for it on TV and said that he is ashamed for doing it.[160][161]

In an interview, Yuzvendra Chahal revealed two incidents of physical harassment that happened with him, while he was with Mumbai Indians. In 2013, in a party of the team in a building, a drunken teammate took him to the balcony, overpowered him and hung him from 15th floor of the building. Yuzvendra said he narrowly survived that day.[162][163][164] In another incident, two teammates including Andrew Symonds tied him, gagged his mouth and threw him in a room of hotel. He remained whole night alone in that room. When the hotel room service arrived at morning, they untied his hands and legs.[165] He did not reveal the names of the offenders involved in the first incident. Reacting to these revelations, Virender Sehwag expressed that he want Yuzvendra to reveal the offender's name and furious Ravi Shastri expressed that the offender should be banned.[163][164]

In 2010, the BCCI banned Ravindra Jadeja from the IPL for one year after he violated the IPL guidelines by not signing a renewal contract with his team Rajasthan Royals, and instead negotiated a more lucrative contract with other teams through back door.[166]

Rajasthan Royals ownership dispute

In April 2010, the IPL president Shashank Manohar said in a press conference that they (IPL) don't know who the owners of Rajasthan Royals (RR) and the Punjab team are. The initial bid for RR was made by a person named Manoj Bhandale. After that, other firms from Mauritius were added as share holders. In response, Shilpa Shetty tweeted that she was a proprietor of RR. Regarding the Punjab team, the IPL president revealed that in the team bidding event, only Preity Zinta was interested in buying that team. She said that she would form a firm. She did it and signed a bid agreement with the BCCI. However, Preity did not have a single share in her name in that firm. Manohar alleged that Shetty and Zinta violated the agreement as prior permission of the BCCI is mandatory before transferring ownership shares with other people.[167]

N. Srinivasan's ownership of CSK

In 2010, an e-mail leaked in Indian media, according to an Economic Times article, said that former IPL president Lalit Modi helped then-BCCI president N. Srinivasan to buy Andrew Flintoff in the auction for his team Chennai Super Kings (CSK).[168] Srinivasan was criticized for owning an IPL team due to his conflict of interests. Former BCCI president A. Muthiah filed a lawsuit against Srinivasan in the Supreme Court of India; he claimed that Srinivasan altered the BCCI's rules to allow himself to purchase a team. The Lodha Committee banned CSK from the IPL for two years when their team principal, Gurunath Meiyappan, was found guilty of betting and providing inside information to bookies.[169] The supreme court criticized Srinivasan for buying an IPL team while serving as the BCCI president; a judge commented, "How can a BCCI chief own a team?".[170] However, he still own the team and his daughter Rupa Gurunath often appear in stadiums amid CSK's games.

Australian players' dispute with their board

Due to the BCCI giving one-tenth of foreign players' salaries to their respective country's national cricket boards, a dispute between Australian cricketers and Cricket Australia started. The Australian Cricketers' Association also opposed the arrangement.[171]

Shashi Tharoor and Sunanda Pushkar's sweat equity in RSW

In 2010, the IPL president revealed that the Minister of State for External Affairs Shashi Tharoor's friend Sunanda Pushkar has sweat equity share in Rendezvous Sports World (RSW), the proprieter of Kochi Tuskers Kerala team. Opposition party BJP agitated against the Indian National Congress. Later, it was revealed that Pushkar has ₹70 crore equity in RSW. Tharoor offered to leave his equity, but many within the Congress party felt that by doing this, Tharoor pleaded guilty. Due to pressure, the Congress party demanded his resignation. He was the first minister of United Progressive Alliance 2 who got slammed for his illegal moves.[172]

Slow over rates

The IPL frequently gets criticism due to the slow pace of its matches. During the 2023 season, Jos Buttler mentioned on Twitter to speed up the pace of the play. An IPL match should end within 3:10 hours of the stipulated time, but it often ends after 4 hours. As per Gavaskar, strategic timeouts, reserve players running on the field with drinks and messages amid games, and batsmen asking for helmet result in these delays. Field umpires sometimes penalize teams by restricting them to field just four fielders outside the 30-yard area, or match referee penalizes by cutting captain's - team members' match fees, but it has not solved the problem. Games often run at a slow speed and finish late. Millions of viewers feel that IPL matches should be fast-paced.[173]

Negative impact on international cricket

As per Kapil Dev, nowadays players avoid to play for the Indian team but they play all the games of IPL. He pointed that due to the league, injuries of Indian players are increased.[174]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ Indian cricket leagues established using similar formats to the IPL include the Women's Premier League and various domestic state-level leagues. Leagues established in other sports include the association football Indian Super League,[9] the Pro Kabaddi League and Pro Volleyball League[10] Other international leagues have also adopted elements of the IPL and been influenced by the business model used.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Frater, Patrick; Ramachandran, Naman (14 June 2022). "India Media Landscape Redrawn as Viacom18, Disney Carve up $6.2 Billion IPL Cricket Rights". Variety. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  2. ^ a b "IPL Auction 2023: Check venue, time and live streaming details here". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 17 December 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  3. ^ [1][dead link‍]
  4. ^ "How can the IPL become a global sports giant?". ESPNcricinfo. 28 June 2018. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  5. ^ "IPL now has window in ICC Future Tours Programme". ESPNcricinfo. 12 December 2017. Archived from the original on 20 April 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  6. ^ Barrett, Chris. "Big Bash League jumps into top 10 of most attended sports leagues in the world". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  7. ^ "IPL matches to be broadcast live on Youtube". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  8. ^ Hoult, Nick (20 January 2010). "IPL to broadcast live on YouTube". The Telegraph UK. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  9. ^ Balakrishnan, Ravi; Bapna, Amit (5 October 2016). "War of leagues: With IPL & ISL, is India emerging as a sporting nation?". The Economic Times.
  10. ^ "From IPL to ISL, sports leagues in India to watch out for". 26 September 2021.
  11. ^ "How Tamil Nadu Premier League became a feeder series for IPL". The Print.[permanent dead link‍]
  12. ^ "Big cash..." Inside sports.[permanent dead link‍]
  13. ^ "Move over IPL, the Indian rural cricket league is here". Hindustan Times. 12 April 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  14. ^ December 2022, Cricket World Wednesday 21. "IPL valuation jumps 75% to USD 10.9 billion in 2022". Cricket World. Archived from the original on 24 December 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ "IPL 2015 contributed Rs. 11.5 bn to GDP: BCCI". The Hindu. IANS. 30 October 2015. Archived from the original on 19 June 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  16. ^ a b Faruooqi, Javed (21 December 2022). "IPL crosses $10 billion valuation to become a decacorn: D and P Advisory". Economic Times. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  17. ^ "IPL 2023 Finals: JioCinema breaks world record with over 3.2 crore viewers during CSK vs GT final". 30 May 2023.
  18. ^ "IPL media rights BCCI hits a six while star India and Viacom18 scramble for the ball". Financial Express. 20 June 2022.
  19. ^ "IPL media rights at ₹104 million IPL..." Times of India. 14 June 2022.
  20. ^ Scroll Staff (30 May 2023). "IPL 2023: As Chennai Super Kings clinch record-equalling fifth title, a look at the list of winners". Scroll.in. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  21. ^ "ICL announces team lists". Rediff. 14 November 2007. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  22. ^ Press Trust of India (13 June 2007). "BCCI shoots down ICL". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 18 December 2007. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  23. ^ Press Trust of India (21 June 2007). "BCCI hikes domestic match fees". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  24. ^ a b "Indian Premier League: How it all started". The Times of India. 2 April 2013. Archived from the original on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  25. ^ a b Alter, Jamie (13 September 2007). "Franchises for board's new Twenty20 league". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  26. ^ Bull, Andy (11 January 2021). "Raw talent plus IPL cash point to an era of Indian dominance on cricket's world stage". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021.
  27. ^ "Cricinfo – Big business and Bollywood grab stakes in IPL". ESPNcricinfo. 24 January 2008. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  28. ^ "Indian players told to shun new 10-over tournament". Stabroek News. 9 July 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  29. ^ "Biggest Innovation: Everyone wants a piece of the IPL". Business Today. 7 May 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  30. ^ a b Ravindran, Siddarth; Gollapudi, Nagraj (21 March 2010). "Pune and Kochi unveiled as new IPL franchises". www.espncricinfo.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  31. ^ "Kochi franchise terminated by BCCI". www.espncricinfo.com. 19 September 2011. Archived from the original on 10 August 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  32. ^ "BCCI terminates Deccan Chargers franchise". www.espncricinfo.com. 14 September 2012. Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  33. ^ "Sun TV Network win Hyderabad IPL franchise". ESPN CricInfo. 25 October 2012. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  34. ^ "Hyderabad IPL franchise named Sunrisers". ESPNcricinfo. 18 December 2012. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  35. ^ "Pune Warriors pull out of IPL". ESPNcricinfo. 21 May 2013. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  36. ^ K Shriniwas Rao (27 October 2013). "BCCI terminates contract with Sahara, Pune Warriors out of IPL". The Times of India. TNN. Archived from the original on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  37. ^ "IPL scandal: Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals suspended". BBC News. 14 July 2015. Archived from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  38. ^ "Pune, Rajkot to host new IPL franchises". ESPN CricInfo. 8 December 2015. Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  39. ^ "IPL announce two new teams for 2016". cricket.com.au. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  40. ^ "IPL 2020 in UAE: From new match timings to coronavirus replacements approved by Governing Council – 10 points". India Today. 2 August 2020. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  41. ^ Karhadkar, Amol (2 August 2020). "IPL 2020: Final on November 10, 24-player limit for each squad". Sportstar. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  42. ^ Gollapudi, Nagraj (31 August 2021). "IPL to become 10-team tournament from 2022". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  43. ^ Tagore, Vijay (14 September 2021). "New IPL team auction likely on October 17 through closed bids". Cricbuzz. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  44. ^ "RPSG, CVC Capital win bids for Lucknow, Ahmedabad IPL teams". Cricbuzz. 25 October 2021. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  45. ^ "Lucknow and Ahmedabad become home to the two newest IPL franchises". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  46. ^ "IPL..." WION.
  47. ^ "Indian Premier League Official Website". www.iplt20.com. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  48. ^ Acharya, Shayan (18 October 2022). "Led by President Roger Binny, meet BCCI's new team". sportstar.thehindu.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  49. ^ "BCCI AGM: Roger Binny elected BCCI president, takes over from Sourav Ganguly; Arun Dhumal appointed IPL chairman". Zee Business. 18 October 2022. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  50. ^ "IPL Auction". IPLT20 website.
  51. ^ "Kolkata to host IPL 2020 auction on December 19". Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  52. ^ "Instances in IPL when team played less than 4 overseas players". CricTracker. 5 May 2016. Archived from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  53. ^ "Player regulations for IPL 2014". ESPNcricinfo. 24 December 2013. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  54. ^ "IPL longlist features 651 uncapped players". ESPNcricinfo. 30 January 2014. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  55. ^ "Australia stars in contrast dispute after Cricket Australia makes IPL cash grab". Fox Sports. 7 September 2010. Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  56. ^ "IPL cricketers world's No.2 sports earners". Emirates 24/7. 21 May 2015. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  57. ^ Staff, The Wire (2 May 2023). "IPL Cricketers Get Only 18% of Revenue as Wages, Must Be 'Paid Fairly': International Federation". The Wire. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  58. ^ Wigmore, Tim (29 March 2023). "Think IPL players are well paid? They should be paid three times more". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  59. ^ Wigmore, Tim (1 May 2023). "IPL cricketers should be paid fairly and proportionately, says players' union". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  60. ^ Livemint (29 May 2022). "IPL final 2022: Prize money and all other awards. All you need to know". mint. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  61. ^ Bureau, ABP News (29 May 2022). "IPL 2022 Final Prize Money: All You Need To Know About Prize Money, Other Awards". news.abplive.com. Retrieved 11 April 2023. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  62. ^ Amrit Mathur (22 April 2013). "IPL-onomics: where Indian players call the shots". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  63. ^ "Law 15 – Intervals". Indian Premier League. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  64. ^ "DRS to be used in IPL". The Hindu. PTI. 21 March 2018. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  65. ^ a b c "IPL 2023 new rules: Playing XI, Impact Player to be revealed after toss; penalties for unfair keeper, fielder movement". Hindustan Times. 22 March 2023. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  66. ^ "Explained: How the IPL slow over rate penalties works". Times of India.
  67. ^ a b c "Impact player, two team sheets: What are IPL 2023's new rules?". Al-Jazeera. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  68. ^ a b "Impact Player in IPL 2023 – all you need to know about the new rule". ESPN. 21 December 2022. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  69. ^ "Impact Player to be Indian unless the team starts with less than four foreigners". Cricbuzz. 21 December 2022. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  70. ^ "आयपीएलच्या प्रत्येक संघात जास्तीत जास्त किती खेळाडू असू शकतात, जाणून घ्या नियम" [How many maximum players have to be in an IPL squad, Know the rules.]. MT. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  71. ^ "The record nine successive wins that won KKR their second IPL title". 2 June 2014. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  72. ^ Chhabria, Vinay (26 April 2019). "IPL History: Deccan Chargers 2008 squad - Where are they now?". www.sportskeeda.com. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  73. ^ "First IPL winning Rajasthan Royals team: Find out where they are now". 30 March 2018. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  74. ^ "This day, that year: SRH win IPL, 1st batsman dismissed in Test is born". India Today. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  75. ^ [2] espncricinfo.com
  76. ^ Sportstar, Team (29 March 2023). "IPL Orange Cap Winners list in Indian Premier League, from 2008 to 2022". sportstar.thehindu.com. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  77. ^ "IPL 2023: Here is a look at all orange cap winners from 2008 to 2022". The Economic Times. 3 April 2023. ISSN 0013-0389. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  78. ^ "IPLT20.com – Indian Premier League Official Website". IPLT20 – 2015 Orange Cap Final Leaderboard. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  79. ^ Sportstar, Team (29 March 2023). "IPL: Purple Cap Winners list in Indian Premier League, from 2008 to 2022". sportstar.thehindu.com. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  80. ^ "IPLT20.com – 2015 Purple Cap Final Leaderboard". IPLT20. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  81. ^ "IPL 2021: Revealed! This Is How Fair Play Points Are Calculated In Indian Premier League". Cricket Addictor. 18 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  82. ^ "Fizz adjudged IPL's first foreign Emerging Player". The Daily Star. 30 May 2016. Archived from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  83. ^ "IPL 2022 Sets A New Record Of Sixes, Rajasthan Royals Top List". Outlook India. 30 May 2022. Archived from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  84. ^ "DLF to TATA, title sponsors help BCCI lift its brand value to Rs 47.5k cr". Business Standard. IANS. 26 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  85. ^ Bhat, Varada; Kamath, Raghavendra (27 April 2012). "DLF unlikely to continue with IPL title sponsorship". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 18 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  86. ^ Gollapudi, Nagraj (21 November 2012). "IPL sells title rights to PepsiCo for $71m". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  87. ^ "PepsiCo set to end IPL sponsorship two years early". ESPNcricinfo. 9 October 2015. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  88. ^ Laghate, Gaurav (22 June 2017). "Title sponsorship: Mobile companies gear up for IPL Innings". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  89. ^ Venugopal, Arun (27 June 2017). "Vivo retains IPL title rights till 2022 after massive bid". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  90. ^ Choudhary, Vidhi (28 June 2017). "Vivo sponsorship may make IPL world's richest sports league". Livemint. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  91. ^ "Vivo withdraws IPL sponsorship, sources say, amid China backlash". Cricket News. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  92. ^ "Explained: IPL's financial model, and how the withdrawal of Vivo impacts the balance sheets of franchises". The Indian Express. 9 August 2020. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  93. ^ "IPL title sponsor: Dream 11 replaces Vivo as IPL 2020 title sponsor, to pay BCCI Rs 222 crore". www.timesnownews.com. 18 August 2020. Archived from the original on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  94. ^ "Vivo back as IPL title sponsor for 2021 season". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  95. ^ "Tata Group replaces Vivo as IPL title sponsors for 2022 and 2023 seasons". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  96. ^ "IPL 2022: BCCI to earn record 1000 Crore from IPL Sponsors". 25 March 2022. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  97. ^ IANS (26 March 2022). "For the first time in 15 years, IPL sponsorships cross Rs 1,000 crore". Business Standard India. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  98. ^ "Redirect Notice". www.Insidesport.in. 9 May 2022. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  99. ^ "BCCI double Boards' share for providing players for IPL". The Times of India. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  100. ^ "Australia stars in a contract dispute after Cricket Australia makes IPL cash grab". Fox Sports Australia. Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  101. ^ Gaurav Gupta (8 August 2018). "Ipl brand Valuation gets stronger soars to $6.3 billion". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  102. ^ Laghate, Gaurav (24 August 2017). "Brand IPL gets stronger, valuation soars to $5.3 billion". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  103. ^ Thoyakkat, Harigovind (19 June 2018). "IPL's brand value grows by 37% to $5.3 billion; CSK most valuable brand". Sportskeeda. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  104. ^ a b Ozanian, Mike. "Indian Premier League Valuations: Cricket Now Has A Place Among World's Most Valuable Sports Teams". Forbes. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  105. ^ a b "IPL 2022 | Brand Value Ranking League Table | Brandirectory". brandirectory.com. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  106. ^ "IPL brand value surges 77%; Mumbai Indians tops table". Moneycontrol. 22 December 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  107. ^ "IPL 2022 records largest-ever insurance cover of Rs 5,000 cr". 12 April 2022. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  108. ^ "Sony and World Sports Group bag IPL television rights". ESPNcricinfo. 14 January 2008. Archived from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  109. ^ "Billion dollar rights deal for IPL". The Australian. 15 January 2008. Archived from the original on 18 January 2008.
  110. ^ IndranilBasu (27 January 2008). "Does the IPL model make sense?". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 24 March 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  111. ^ "IPL's public filings: Who owns the teams, how they run them & what issues they face". The Economic Times. 11 June 2013. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  112. ^ a b "IPL viewership may touch 500 million this year: Sony". The Hindu. PTI. 8 April 2016. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  113. ^ MediaInfoline (10 April 2015). "'Extraaa Innings T20'- more than just cricket analysis". Media Infoline. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  114. ^ "Shah Rukh Khan to promote Chennai Express during IPL final". NDTV. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  115. ^ Ahluwalia, Harveen (1 June 2017). "IPL viewership jumped 22.5% in 2017: BARC". Livemint. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  116. ^ "Sony rakes in Rs. 1,200 crore advertising revenue from IPL 9". SportsCafe.in. 5 June 2016. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  117. ^ "Star Sports mega deal: How buying IPL media rights will change sports broadcasting?". The Indian Express. 5 September 2017. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  118. ^ Kafka, Peter (4 September 2017). "Facebook just bid $600 million to stream Indian cricket matches. Will it try NFL games next?". Recode. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  119. ^ Madhok, Diksha (5 September 2017). "Facebook may have failed with its $600 million bid for cricket, but this is only the beginning". Quartz. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  120. ^ "Star India wins IPL rights for US $2.55 billion". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  121. ^ "IPL television and broadcast rights sold for massive £1.97bn to Star India". The Guardian. Reuters. 4 September 2017. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 183261689. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
  122. ^ "Six stand-out numbers from the IPL media rights sale". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  123. ^ "Should You Subscribe to Hotstar VIP or Hotstar Premium Ahead of IPL 2019?". News18. 22 March 2019. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  124. ^ Tewari, Saumya (5 April 2018). "Star India wins five-year BCCI media rights contract for Rs6,138.1 crore". Mint. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  125. ^ "Reliance Jio signs partnership deal with Star India to broadcast all India cricket matches". The Indian Express. 21 September 2018. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  126. ^ "Hotstar, Disney's Indian streaming service, sets new global record for live viewership". TechCrunch. 12 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019.[permanent dead link‍]
  127. ^ a b "It's a big deal! IPL 2023-27 India subcontinent TV and digital rights sold for US$ 5.1 billion". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 11 November 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  128. ^ "IPL Media Rights: BCCI hits a six while Viacom18 and Star India scramble for the ball". Financialexpress. 20 June 2022. Archived from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  129. ^ Livemint (14 June 2022). "Viacom18, Disney Star win big as IPL media rights sold for ₹48,390 crore". mint. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  130. ^ Ramachandran, Patrick Frater, Naman (14 June 2022). "Viacom18, Disney Carve up $6.2 Billion IPL Cricket Rights". Sportico.com. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  131. ^ "Indian Cricket Rights Cost Broadcasters More Than English Soccer". Bloomberg. 14 June 2022. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  132. ^ Belson, Ken; Draper, Kevin (18 March 2021). "N.F.L. Signs Media Deals Worth Over $100 Billion". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  133. ^ Kar, Ayushi (2 February 2023). "We want to eliminate all barriers for IPL consumption: Viacom18 Sports CEO". www.thehindubusinessline.com. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  134. ^ Jha, Lata (3 February 2023). "Viacom18's free IPL streaming queers pitch for rivals". mint. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  135. ^ "IPL 2023 to stream in 4K resolution for free with JioCinema: Here's everything you need to know". The Economic Times. 22 February 2023. ISSN 0013-0389. Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  136. ^ Maglio, Tony (8 February 2023). "Disney+ Lost 2.4 Million Subscribers in Q1: What Happened". IndieWire. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  137. ^ "Jio effect: Hotstar sheds 3.8 mn subscribers in Dec quarter after losing IPL rights". Business Today. 9 February 2023. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  138. ^ Sim, Josh (6 March 2023). "IPL matches to be shown on Disney Star FTA channel". SportsPro. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  139. ^ "IPL 2023: Jio Cinema's viewership is already higher than Disney+ Hotstar's peak viewership last year". Business Today. 5 April 2023. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  140. ^ Singh, Manish (29 May 2023). "Reliance's JioCinema breaks world record with free cricket streaming". TechCrunch. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  141. ^ "Hotstar sets global streaming record during India-New Zealand semi-final". SportsPro Media. 17 July 2019. Archived from the original on 18 July 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  142. ^ "It's a deal! - Everything you need to know about final IPL media rights figures". The Times of India. 15 June 2022. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  143. ^ "Log into Facebook". Facebook. Retrieved 9 May 2023. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  144. ^ "Afghans welcome ATN's move to secure broadcasting rights for this year's IPL | Ariana News". 22 March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  145. ^ Vidio. "Liga kriket terbaik di dunia hadir di Vidio!" [The best cricket league in the world comes to Vidio!]. Twitter (in Indonesian). Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  146. ^ "BCCI bans five cricketers for spot-fixing in Indian Premier League". India Today. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  147. ^ "BCCI suspends 5 cricketers after sting operation". The Hindu. 15 May 2012. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  148. ^ "IPL spot-fixing: Mohnish Mishra admits and aplogises". NDTV. Indo-Asian News Service. 16 May 2012. Archived from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  149. ^ Roy, Ayan (3 February 2013). "IPL..." Mid-day. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  150. ^ "Juhu rave party IPL cricketers tested positive for drugs". www.Mid-day.com.
  151. ^ "The Gurunath Meiyappan case". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  152. ^ [3][dead link‍]
  153. ^ "RR..." Times of India. 14 July 2015.
  154. ^ a b "Controversial IPL strategic time outs now armed with a sponsor". India Today.
  155. ^ a b Gollapudi, Nagraj (4 March 2010). "IPL sets down time-out ruling". Cricinfo ESPN. Archived from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  156. ^ "Controversial IPL strategic time outs now armed with a sponsor". India Today. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  157. ^ "'Strategic time-out' or time-waste?". Sportskeeda. 2 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  158. ^ "Gavaskar: IPL teams should stick to the time limit". Sport star The Hindu.
  159. ^ Star Sports 1 live commentary, date -24 May 2023, Sunil Gavaskar: How many times does a wicket fall after strategic timeouts?
  160. ^ "'Foreget..." Hindustan Times.
  161. ^ "If..." News18.
  162. ^ "IPL..." Times of India.
  163. ^ a b "Sehwag wants..." Hindustan Times.
  164. ^ a b "Life ban for that person involved [ ...]furious Ravi Shastri reacts to Yuzvendra's 2012 balcony episode". Hindustan Times.
  165. ^ "Was tied..." Indian express.
  166. ^ "IPL slaps one-year ban on Ravindra Jadeja". Hindustan Times. 13 February 2010. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  167. ^ "TDP leader Thota Sita Ramalaxmi pitches for Bhimavaram as 'export excellence town'". The Economic Times. 6 August 2014.
  168. ^ "N Srinivasan accused of playing foul to cement Flintoff's place in CSK". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  169. ^ "IPL scam: Lodha panel suspends CSK, RR franchises for two years". The Hindu. 14 July 2015. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  170. ^ Bose, Soumitra (24 November 2014). "N. Srinivasan Slammed by Supreme Court, Asks 'How Can BCCI Chief Own an IPL Team?'". NDTV. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  171. ^ "Australian stars in contrast dispute with cricket Australia over IPL cash grab". Fox Sports. 7 September 2010. Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  172. ^ "Shashi Tharoor resigns, PM accepts". Times of India. 19 April 2010.
  173. ^ "IPL is losing the game of clock". Hindustan Times. 4 April 2023.
  174. ^ "बुमराहवर आपण वेळ वाया घालवतोय, क. देव यांचं धक्कादायक विधान". Lokmat. 31 July 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Indian_Premier_League&oldid=1188788401"