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Visa requirements for Croatian citizens

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Croatian passport
Croatian identity card is valid for travel to most European countries.

Visa requirements for Croatian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Croatia. As of November 2023, Croatian citizens had visa-free, eTA or visa on arrival access to 176 countries and territories, ranking the Croatian passport 15th in the world, according to the methodology of the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Croatian citizens
  Croatia
  Freedom of movement
  Visa not required
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required prior to arrival

Visa requirements

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
 Albania Visa not required[3] 90 days
 Algeria Visa required[4]
 Andorra Visa not required[5]
 Angola Visa not required[6] 30 days
  • 30 days per trip, but no more than 90 days within any 1 calendar year for tourism purposes only.[7]
  • Visitors must have a return/onward ticket and a hotel reservation confirmation.[8]
  • An International Certificate of Vaccination is required.
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[9] 3 months
 Argentina Visa not required[10] 90 days
 Armenia Visa not required[11] 180 days
 Australia eVisitor[12] 90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted
  • The European Commission ruled that the eVisitor's 'autogrant' treatment is not an equivalent to the Schengen visa application procedures. However, only countries which are on ETA list are considered low risk and processing time is one working day. For all other countries processing time is 31 days (75% of applications), and 4 months (90% of applications).[13] Applications for high risk countries, i.e. not ETA, are routinely processed manually rather than via 'autogrant' and they are subject to additional documents prior to arrival, which is typical for a proper visa.[14] Grant rate for eVisitor countries like Croatia is less than 100%, which indicates manual processing.[15]
  • Additionally, Australia's SmartGate entry system for automatically processing through passport control can only be used for countries on ETA list, not by countries on eVisitor list.[16]
 Austria Freedom of movement[17]
 Azerbaijan eVisa[18][19] 30 days
 Bahamas Visa not required[20] 3 months
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[21] 14 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[22] 30 days
 Barbados Visa not required[23] 90 days
 Belarus Visa not required[24] 30 days
 Belgium Freedom of movement[25]
 Belize Visa not required[26] 1 month
 Benin eVisa[27][28] Visa for 30 or 90 days (single or multiple entries).
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan eVisa[29]
 Bolivia Visa not required[30] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[31] 90 days
  • 90 days within 6-month period
  • ID card valid
 Botswana Visa not required[32] 90 days
 Brazil Visa not required[33] 90 days
 Brunei Visa not required[34] 90 days
 Bulgaria Freedom of movement
 Burkina Faso eVisa[35][36]
 Burundi Visa on arrival[37] 1 month
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[38][39] 30 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.
 Cameroon eVisa[40][41]
 Canada Electronic Travel Authorization[42] 90 days
 Cape Verde Visa not required[45][46] 30 days
  • Must register online at least five days prior to arrival.[47]
 Central African Republic Visa required[48]
 Chad Visa required[49]
 Chile Visa not required[50] 90 days
 China Visa required[51]
 Colombia Visa not required[54] 90 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period
 Comoros Visa on arrival[55] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[56]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[57][58] 7 days
 Costa Rica Visa not required[59] 90 days
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[60][61] 3 months
 Cuba Tourist card required[62] 90 days
  • Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
 Cyprus Freedom of movement[63]
 Czech Republic Freedom of movement[64]
 Denmark Freedom of movement[65]
 Djibouti eVisa[66][67] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[68] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[69] 30 days
 Ecuador Visa not required[70] 90 days
 Egypt eVisa / Visa on arrival[71][72] 30 days
 El Salvador Visa not required[73] 3 months
 Equatorial Guinea eVisa[74][75]
 Eritrea Visa required[76]
  • To travel outside of Asmara, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[77]
 Estonia Freedom of movement[78]
 Eswatini Visa not required[79] 30 days
 Ethiopia eVisa[80] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required[81] 4 months
 Finland Freedom of movement[82]
 France Freedom of movement[83]
 Gabon eVisa[84][85] 90 days
 Gambia Visa not required[86] 90 days
 Georgia Visa not required[87] 1 year
 Germany Freedom of movement[88]
 Ghana Visa required[89]
 Greece Freedom of movement[90]
 Grenada Visa not required[91] 3 months
 Guatemala Visa not required[92] 90 days
 Guinea eVisa[93][94] 90 days
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[95] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[96]
  • Visa can be obtained on arrival provided holding a letter of invitation from a local sponsor
 Haiti Visa not required[97] 90 days
 Honduras Visa not required[98] 3 months
 Hungary Freedom of movement[99]
 Iceland Freedom of movement[100]
 India eVisa[101][102] 30 days
 Indonesia e-VOA / Visa on arrival[103] 30 days[104][105]
 Iran eVisa[106][107] 30 days
 Iraq Visa on arrival[108] 60 days
 Ireland Freedom of movement[109]
 Israel Visa not required[110] 3 months
 Italy Freedom of movement[111]
 Jamaica Visa on arrival[112][113] 30 days
 Japan Visa not required[114] 90 days
 Jordan eVisa / Visa on arrival[115][116]
  • Visa can be obtained upon arrival, it will cost a total of 40 JOD, obtainable at most international ports of entry and land border crossings. (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge)
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[117] 30 days
 Kenya eVisa[118][119] 3 months
 Kiribati Visa not required[120] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 North Korea Visa required[121]
  • People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
 South Korea Electronical Travel Authorization[122][123] 90 days
  • The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval.[124]
 Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[125][126] 3 months
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[127] 60 days
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[128][129] 30 days
 Latvia Freedom of movement[130]
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[131] 1 month
  • 1 month extendable for 2 additional months
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket
 Lesotho eVisa[132][133]
 Liberia Visa required[134]
 Libya Visa required[135]
 Liechtenstein Freedom of movement[136]
 Lithuania Freedom of movement[137]
 Luxembourg Freedom of movement[138]
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[139][140] 60 days
 Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[141][142] 90 days
  • Required covering letter from the host in Malawi.
 Malaysia Visa not required[143] 3 months
 Maldives Visa on arrival[144] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[145]
 Malta Freedom of movement[146]
 Marshall Islands Visa not required[147] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[148]
 Mauritius Visa not required[149] 90 days
 Mexico Visa not required[150] 180 days
 Micronesia Visa not required[151] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Moldova Visa not required[152] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
  • ID card valid
 Monaco Visa not required[153]
 Mongolia Visa not required[154] 30 days[155][156]
  • The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia has exempted visas for 34 countries from January 2023 to December 2025.[157]
 Montenegro Visa not required[158] 90 days
 Morocco Visa not required[159] 3 months
 Mozambique eVisa / Visa on arrival[160][161] 30 days
 Myanmar eVisa[162][163] 28 days
 Namibia Visa required[164]
 Nauru Visa required[165]
   Nepal eVisa / Visa on arrival[166][167] 90 days
 Netherlands Freedom of movement (European Netherlands)[168]
 New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[169] 90 days
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority.[170]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[171] Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.[170]
 Nicaragua Visa not required[172] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[173]
 Nigeria eVisa[174][175] 90 days
 North Macedonia Visa not required[176] 90 days
 Norway Freedom of movement
 Oman Visa not required / eVisa[177][178] 14 days / 30 days
 Pakistan ETA / Online Visa[179][180] 30 days / 3 months
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[181]
  • Online Visa eligible.[182]
 Palau Visa not required[183] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Panama Visa not required[184] 90 days
 Papua New Guinea eVisa[185][186] 60 days
 Paraguay Visa not required[187] 90 days
 Peru Visa not required[188] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
 Philippines Visa not required[189][190] 30 days
 Poland Freedom of movement[191]
 Portugal Freedom of movement[192]
 Qatar Visa not required[193] 90 days
 Romania Freedom of movement[194]
 Russia eVisa[195][196] 16 days
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[197][198] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[199] 90 days
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[200][201] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[202] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Samoa Visa not required[203] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 San Marino Visa not required[204]
 São Tomé and Príncipe Visa not required[205] 15 days
 Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[206][207] 90 days
 Senegal Visa not required[208] 90 days
 Serbia Visa not required[209] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
  • ID card valid
 Seychelles Visa not required[210][211] 3 months
 Sierra Leone eVisa / Visa on arrival[212] 30 days[213][214]
 Singapore Visa not required[215] 90 days
 Slovakia Freedom of movement[216]
 Slovenia Freedom of movement[217]
 Solomon Islands Visa not required[218] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Somalia Visa on arrival[219]
 South Africa eVisa[220][221]
 South Sudan eVisa[222][223]
  • Obtainable online.
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
 Spain Freedom of movement[224]
 Sri Lanka ETA / Visa on arrival[225][226] 30 days
  • Electronic Travel Authorization can also be obtained on arrival.
  • 30 days extendable to 6 months.
 Sudan Visa required[227]
 Suriname Visa not required[228][229] 90 days
  • An entrance fee of 25 USD or 25 Euros must be paid online prior to arrival.[230]
 Sweden Freedom of movement[231]
  Switzerland Freedom of movement[232]
 Syria Visa required[234]
 Tajikistan Visa not required[235] 30 days
  • e-Visa also available.[236]
  • e-Visa holders can enter through all border points.
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[237][238] 3 months
 Thailand eVisa[239][240] 60 days
 Timor-Leste Visa not required[241] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Togo eVisa[242][243] 15 days
 Tonga Visa not required[244] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[245] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Tunisia Visa not required[246] 3 months
 Turkey Visa not required[248] 90 days
 Turkmenistan Visa required[249]
 Tuvalu Visa not required[250] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Uganda eVisa[251][252] 3 months
  • May apply online.
 Ukraine Visa not required[253] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 United Arab Emirates Visa not required[254] 90 days
 United Kingdom Visa not required[257] 6 months
 United States Visa Waiver Program[258][259] 90 days
  • On arrival from overseas; ESTA (valid for 2 years when issued) required if arriving by air or cruise ship.[260]
 Uruguay Visa not required[261] 90 days
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[262] 30 days
 Vanuatu Visa not required[263] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Vatican City Visa not required[264]
 Venezuela Visa not required[265] 90 days
 Vietnam eVisa[266]
  • Phú Quốc without a visa for up to 30 days[267]
  • e-Visa is valid for 90 days and multiple entry.
 Yemen Visa required[268]
 Zambia Visa not required[269][270] 90 days
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.
 Zimbabwe eVisa / Visa on arrival[271][272] 3 months
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia.

Dependent, disputed or unrecognized territories

Disputed or unrecognized territories

Territory Visa requirement Notes
Europe
 Abkhazia Visa required[273]
 Northern Cyprus Visa not required Visa not required for 3 months
United Nations UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[275] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Kosovo Visa not required[276] Visa not required for 90 days
 South Ossetia Visa not required[277][278] 3-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.
Valid multiple visa of Russia is required.
 Transnistria Visa not required[279] Visa not required. Registration required after 24h
Africa
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival Visa required (30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival).[282][283]
Asia
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[284][285][286]
United Nations Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone.
 Palestinian Territory Visa not required[287] Visa free for 3 months.
 Taiwan Visa not required[288] Visa not required for 90 days.
United Nations UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zones.

Dependent and autonomous territories

Territory Conditions of access Notes
Australia
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required[289] Special authorisation required.
China
 Hong Kong Visa not required[290] Visa free for 90 days.
 Macau Visa not required[291] Visa free for 90 days.
China Tibet Autonomous Region TTP required[292][293] Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).
Denmark
 Faroe Islands Visa not required[294]
 Greenland Visa not required[295] Visa not required for 3 months.
Ecuador
Galápagos Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[296]
France
 Clipperton Island Special permit required[297]
 French Guiana Freedom of movement[298]
 French Polynesia Visa not required[299]
 Guadeloupe Freedom of movement[300]
 Martinique Freedom of movement
 Saint Barthélemy Visa not required
 Saint Martin Freedom of movement
 Mayotte Freedom of movement[301]
 New Caledonia Visa not required[302]
 Réunion Freedom of movement[301]
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required[301]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required[301]
Greece
Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[303][304]
India
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for all of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and parts of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[305][306][307][308][309]
Netherlands
 Aruba Visa not required[310] Visa not required for maximum of 90 days in a 180-day period.
 Bonaire Visa not required[310] Visa not required for maximum of 90 days in a 180-day period.
 Sint Eustatius Visa not required[310] Visa not required for maximum of 90 days in a 180-day period.
 Saba Visa not required[310] Visa not required for maximum of 90 days in a 180-day period.
 Curaçao Visa not required[310] Visa not required for maximum of 90 days in a 180-day period.
 Sint Maarten Visa not required[310] Visa not required for maximum of 90 days in a 180-day period.
New Zealand
 Cook Islands Visa not required[311] Visa free for 31 days. Extensions may be granted on a monthly basis – for up to 6 months.
 Niue Visa not required[312] Visa free for 30 days.
 Tokelau Permit required[313] Visitors permits for a period not exceeding 10 days.
Norway
Norway Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[314] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[315]
Norway Svalbard Freedom of movement Unlimited period under Svalbard Treaty.[316]
United Kingdom
 Akrotiri and Dhekelia Visa not required[317]
 Anguilla Visa not required[318] 3 months
 Bermuda Visa not required[319] Visa not required.
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required[320]
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required[321] Visa free for 6 months.
 Cayman Islands Visa not required[322] Visa free for maximum of 6 months.
 Falkland Islands Visa not required[323] Visitor permit valid for 30 days and is issued on arrival.
 Gibraltar Visa not required[324]
 Guernsey Visa not required[325]
 Isle of Man Visa not required[326]
 Jersey Visa not required[327] Visa not required up to 6 months.
 Montserrat eVisa[328] Visa required. However the Immigration Act of Montserrat dated 1.01.2013 says that all EU citizens exempt from the visa requirement.[329]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required[330][331] 14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.
 Saint Helena Visitor's Pass required[332] Visitor's Pass granted on arrival. Landing permission (for stays on-Island of up to 24 hours). Short-term Entry Permit (for stays on-Island for a period not exceeding 183 days). Long-Term Entry Permit (for stays on-Island in excess of 183 days).
 Ascension Island eVisa[333] eVisa for 3 months within any year period.
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[334]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[335][336]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required[337] Visitors are granted entry for 90 days.
United States
 American Samoa Entry Permit Waiver Program[338] Entry Permit Waiver Program for 30 days
 Guam Visa Waiver Program[339] 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years, ESTA required
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa Waiver Program[339] 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years, ESTA required
 Puerto Rico Visa Waiver Program[339] 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years, ESTA required
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa Waiver Program[339] 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years, ESTA required
United States United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[340][341][342][343][344][345][346]
Antarctica and adjacent islands
Special permits required for  Bouvet Island,  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[347][348][349][350][351][352][353][354][355][356][357][358]

Non-ordinary passports

Holders of various categories of official Croatian passports have additional visa-free access to the following countries:

  •  Algeria: diplomatic
  •  Azerbaijan: diplomatic or service passports
  •  People's Republic of China: diplomatic or service passports
  •  Cuba: diplomatic, official or service passports
  •  Egypt: diplomatic, official or service passports
  •  India: diplomatic or official passports
  •  Indonesia: diplomatic or service passports
  •  Iran: diplomatic or service passports
  •  Kazakhstan: diplomatic or service passports
  •  Russia: diplomatic and service passports
  •  South Africa: diplomatic, official or service passports
  •  Vietnam: (diplomatic or service passports)

Holders of diplomatic or service passports of any country have visa-free access to Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Mali and Zimbabwe.

Right to consular protection in non-EU countries

Diplomatic missions of Croatia

When in a non-EU country where there is no Croatian embassy, Croatian citizens as EU citizens have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present in that country.

See also List of diplomatic missions of Croatia.

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[359] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[360] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[361]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[362][363]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[364][365] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[366]

Some countries, such as Japan,[367] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[368] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[369] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[370] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[371] Philippines,[372] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[373]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[374] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[375] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[376]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[377] Lebanon,[378] Libya,[379] Syria,[380] and Yemen[381] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[382]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[383][384] Argentina,[385] Brunei, Cambodia,[386] China,[387] Ethiopia,[388] Ghana, Guinea,[389] India, Japan,[390][391] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[392] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[393] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[394] Singapore, South Korea,[395] Taiwan, Thailand,[396] Uganda,[397] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[398][399][400] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[401]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[402] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[403][404]

See also

References and notes

References
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  398. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  399. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  400. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
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  404. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
  1. ^ Custom procedure for 24-hour visa-free transit is required in principle, except in Beijing (both Capital and Daxing), Shanghai Pudong, Hangzhou, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu Tianfu and Xi'an if no leaving of international transit areas.[52]
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