Talk:Earthing system

Grounding current equation

Should this: "the equation IL1+IL3+IL3+IN = 0 holds" be L1 L2 L3? --Jmeden2000 23:00, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Yes. Now fixed. Markus Kuhn 23:14, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Terre

French : terre, earth (is originally from from the Latin terra)194.83.51.64 11:09, 16 May 2006 (UTC) John

Region?

There should be more info. about which regions prefer "earthing", "earthing system", as compared to "ground", "grounding", "grounded", "grounding system"?

This does seem extremely dependent on dialect, region, neighborhood.

earth_ground;

ground_(electricity);

ground_(electrical);

ground_(power);

ground_and_neutral.

Then there is "earthling".

hopiakuta ; [[ <nowiki> </nowiki> { [[%c2%a1]] [[%c2%bf]] [[ %7e%7e%7e%7e ]] } ;]] 22:25, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

As the article says, it follows IEC 60364 terminology, on which the wiring regulations of many countries are based, but which differs from the terminology most commonly used in North America. You are welcome to append a section on U.S. terminology. Markus Kuhn 14:00, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

I also think that the IEC 60364 terminology used in the article is used at least in the whole EU (for example terms like TN-S, TNC-S are used in harmonised EU terminology in most european languages). I am afraid that the "extreme dependence on region" is just in Your head, mixing earthing system and earthling is demagogical. --85.207.59.18 (talk) 15:06, 23 August 2010 (UTC)

Why doesn't someone merge the two articles earthing system and ground_(electricity) then, and put all variants and redirects in the same article? Doseiai2 (talk) 09:28, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Because these are two different things. The earthing system is about how the electrical network is realized having in mind the protection against electrical shock. The electrical ground is present even if there is no network and even if we know nothing about electricity at all, it is reality, part of environment here on Earth. We had lightning rods before electrical networks. By the way, there is some chaos around "earth" and "ground" even in languages that use the same word for both (like Czech). For example, you should make sure whether you mean "common" or "ground". There is a nice article about it ... [1]; in case the link is invalid try to search for Can we find common ground about "common" and "ground"?. --85.207.59.18 (talk) 15:06, 23 August 2010 (UTC)

IT diagram missing neutral

IT-network diagram

The IT Network diagram is missing the neutral conductor. 142.59.176.154 19:56, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

As I understand it, there is no distinction between "live" and "neutral" conductors possible in IT networks, because none of the conductors has a connection to earth. Whether 3-phase IT networks are commonly used, and whether these do include a fourth neutral-like conductor connected to the center-point of the generator-star, I don't know. (I would appreciate references on this; the few IT networks that I have encountered personally were all single-phase.) The figure that I uploaded was inspired by one shown in DIN VDE 0100-300, the German version of IEC 60364-3:1993, which does not show any N connection between generator and consumer. Markus Kuhn 13:53, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

The NEC clearly defines the neutral wire even if it is not grounded. First, it defines the “neutral point”, as the common point of a split-phase (single-phase three-wire) connection or a polyphase wye/star connection. Then, it defines the “neutral conductor” as the wire connected to the neutral point and that is intended to carry current under normal load conditions. So, there is a distinction between a live/hot/active/phase wire and a neutral wire even in ungrounded systems. Also, in perfectly balanced conditions, the current through the main neutral wire in single-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire connections is zero; this is another way to distinguish the neutral wire from the live wire. Alej27 (talk) 13:52, 13 December 2023 (UTC)

Questions

"A protective earth (PE) connection ensures that all exposed conductive surfaces are at the same electrical potential as the surface of the Earth,"

The UK uses a PE connection yet lots of exposed conductive surfaces are not connected to it.

"TN networks save the cost of a low-impedance earth connection at the site of each consumer. Such a connection (a buried metal structure) is required to provide protective earth in IT and TT systems."

Portable generator IT systems routinely have no earth and no RCD. Tabby (talk) 00:55, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

Can any one tell why a capacitor is used in earthing circuit?

 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.115.103.71 (talk) 13:54, 26 December 2008 (UTC) 

In the phrase "hazardous IR voltage drops" what does "IR" mean? It does not seem to occur anywhere else in this article. 138.251.194.28 (talk) 11:41, 26 July 2011 (UTC)

It probably could be worded better. Almost all conductors have resistance, when current flows through them, the voltage at one end will be different from the voltage at the other end due to the resistance. If the resistance is the only concern, and inductance can be neglected, the difference can be found by multiplying the current through the conductor, I, with the resistance of the conductor, R, or stated algebraically, IR. Jc3s5h (talk) 12:07, 26 July 2011 (UTC)

What about corner grounded delta?

Is this system still relevant? It is a variation of TN system, having kind of LPEN conductor. --87.100.136.59 (talk) 22:04, 25 February 2013 (UTC)

Change in reference

There was a change in a reference. The reference should not be changed for two reasons. First, the reference list should show the works that were actually used to write the article. Unless the article is changed, there is no reason to change the reference list. Other interesting works that were not used to write the work could be put under an External links or Further reading heading.

Second, the first work was under the control of an author and publisher, and was probably a reliable source. The replacement work is a wiki, and should not be cited, just as Wikipedia should not be cited. (See WP:IRS.) Jc3s5h (talk) 14:44, 13 August 2010 (UTC)

Dawnseeker, your plagiarism will not be tolerated. Jc3s5h (talk) 03:10, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

Whoa. Slow down... Plagiarism is defined as "the unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work". My edit does not match that definition.

My decision to remove the link and replace it with another was because of the commercial nature of the www.tlc-direct.co.uk website. The book that I replaced it with seems like a more neutral reference. It is not a wiki as you claimed and is a decent source for the article. Most of that book is available on google and meets the requirements of WP:RS. Dawnseeker2000 03:25, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

The references section of Wikipedia articles, per Wikipedia:Manual of Style (layout), is used to cite works that were used in writing the article. Unfortunately earlier editors did not use footnotes, but we must presume that some part of the article is based upon the reference you used removed, unless you can prove otherwise. There was no plagiarism while the source was acknowledged, but when you removed the source, you created plagiarism. The only proper way to remove the source, whether it is a good, bad, or indifferent source, is to find what part of the article is based on it and rewrite that part, based on some other source(s).

Bear in mind that when an article is written by a group, it is the collective actions of the group that may constitute plagiarism. The fact that the person who read and used the source is a different person than the one who removed the source is no excuse.

If you think there is a good book about Earthing systems, but that book was not used while writing the article, you could include it in a "Further reading" section. Jc3s5h (talk) 03:41, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

I follow what you're saying here, but I am still a little surprised to have a finger waved at me like this. I'm not interested in adding a book to the list. That's not my intention. I just saw the source listed there and noticed it was hosted by a commercial website. Personally, I always use neutral sources and I do lots of work in reducing spam. Well, I decided I would replace this commercial link with something more neutral. I did take a look at who put the www.tlc-direct.co.uk link in the article (the one I replaced) and it's Markus Kuhn and he's the primary contributor to this article. So I'm convinced that the link wasn't put there by some drive-by spammer. Anyway, I'll catch you later. Dawnseeker2000 03:54, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

You must not delete a source unless you rewrite whatever part of the article was supported by the source. If you can't figure out which part of the article was supported by the source, and you insist on removing the source, you must rewrite the entire article from scratch, without using the undesireable source. (Actually, this and several related articles such as Ground (electricity) need to be merged and rewritten.) Jc3s5h (talk) 14:26, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

Maybe then this is a good time to convert to inline references. Dawnseeker2000 15:18, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

Well, yes, but someone would have to figure out which statement is supported by which page of which source, or write it from scratch using suitable sources, which probably wouldn't be any harder. Jc3s5h (talk) 15:50, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

MEN vs TN-C-S

Early in the article the MEN is described as similar to a TN-C-S. Agreed. But then in the comparison table, the Risk of broken neutral is listed as High for TN-C-S and No for MEN. This doesn't sound right at all. As suggested earlier in the article, the multiple earthing points in a MEN system does provide a backup path for return current in the case of a broken PEN conductor (on the supply side not the neutral on the consumer side!), a risk certainly still exists. Any suggestions for a clarification? LightYear (talk) 23:46, 23 February 2012 (UTC)

After some consideration, decided to remove MEN column entirely from the comparison table. Since MEN is a combination of TN-C, TN-S and TN-C-S, the summary is different depending on which part of the network you consider. It's just too complicated to summarise unambiguously. Also makes the table suit the article - MEN is only mentioned in a couple of dot points, so to have it take up a big section of the table doesn't make sense. Column was originally added in this edit and unfortunately the editor is anonymous so can't be consulted. I don't think this will be too controversial - if the info from the column is to be retained, it should be worked into the article itself instead. LightYear (talk) 23:18, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

MEN and TN-C-S is also used in germany (required) at least since 1977. Also see DIN VDE 0100. No device is connected at the TN-C-Part of the network, this is cmpletely underground or high above in the air. which means anybody can just get in contact with the safe TN-S-Part of the system, while the TN-C-Part is in practice unreachable. Which eliminates safety differences to the TN-S System. I guess it is the same in Australia, New Zealand, Israel. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.25.187.119 (talk) 15:11, 4 September 2013 (UTC)

Comparison of Earthing systems

The table shows no earth electrode at site required for TN-C-S Australian wiring rules AS3000 Clause 5.1.3 Under the (TN-C-S) MEN system the neutral conductor is earthed, at source, at regular intervals, and at each electrical installation? Cotsabaca (talk) 10:09, 29 August 2013 (UTC)

Sky Voltage

"Sky Voltage" - please include a reference as this seems very dubious. 5/Nov/2015

The article sky voltage was deleted back in February as original research. I cleaned up the red links. No such user (talk) 08:11, 5 November 2015 (UTC)

Well, this "Direct connection to neutral at the origin of installation" is not an IEC terminology. IEC says that direct connection to the earthed point of the power system. I admit that regularly the neutral is the earthed point but it is not a certainty. IEC wanted to phrase it in the most possible most general way. Sztrogoff (talk) 10:02, 21 February 2016 (UTC)

Safety

In safety terms, the TT is the best. So the following report says (page 19)

ect173

--82.21.82.111 (talk) 15:29, 3 March 2016 (UTC)

Terminology

@Md iet: Please read High voltage#definition: use of terms "medium voltage" and "high voltage" depends on context. As that article says, one definition comes from system engineering: In electric power transmission engineering, high voltage is usually considered any voltage over approximately 35,000 volts. This is a classification based on the design of apparatus and insulation. Further, IEEE Std. 100<ref> ([https://books.google.com/books/about/The_IEEE_Standard_Dictionary_of_Electric.html?id=6FbxAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y Standard dictionary of Electrical and Electronics terms]</ref>, as well as ANSI C84.1,<ref name="Short2005">{{cite book|author=Thomas Allen Short|title=Electric Power Distribution Equipment and Systems|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=S3jLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA234|date=29 November 2005|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4200-3647-3|pages=234–}}</ref> defines medium voltage as "any nominal voltage greater than 1 kV and less than 100 kV." Our article also acknowledges a different definition which comes from safety point of view: The International Electrotechnical Commission and its national counterparts (IET, IEEE, VDE, etc.) define high voltage as above 1000 V for alternating current, [...] This is in the context of building wiring and the safety of electrical apparatus.

Now, since this article covers both safety and engineering aspects, either approach can be used, but please don't just go ahead and do as you please, leaving odd phrases like "high voltage systems (1 to 72.5 kV)" which are simply misleading and inaccurate. I fixed the article for now, using "your way". No such user (talk) 07:38, 13 May 2016 (UTC)

Avoid using ref tags on talk pages. — LlywelynII 02:11, 8 November 2022 (UTC)

Grounding Rod Regulations

I know Wikipedia is not a reliable source but it would still be helpful if—somewhere on or linkable from this page—we had a country-by-country list of the grounding regulations. The US seems to require an 8 foot deep spike while France seems to be fine with one 1 or 1.5 m deep. — LlywelynII 02:11, 8 November 2022 (UTC)

Electrical Earthing Hole Work

The best electrical earthing work depends on the depth of water level, if the water level of depth is 3 to 4 meters deep then the value of earthing can be up to 1 OHM 92.97.10.226 (talk) 06:08, 2 March 2023 (UTC)

Change name of “Equipment grounding”

In the subsection Equipment grounding, under the section Purposes, it seems what the current text is referring to is what’s actually called “neutral-to-case bonding” and “equipment bonding”. There’s no grounding/earthing involved. It’s used to provide a low-impedance path to clear line-to-case faults with the short-circuit protection of OCPDs (breakers and fuses), in TN-C-S and TN-C grounding/earthing arrangements like the US; see section 250.4(A)(5) of the 2020 NEC.

Also, although the NEC doesn’t define “equipment grounding” in article 100, section 250.4(A)(2) is called “grounding of electrical equipment” and pretty much defined it: “Normally non-current-carrying conductive materials enclosing electrical conductors or equipment, or forming part of such equipment, shall be connected to earth so as to limit the voltage to ground on these materials.” Thus, the usage of the term “equipment grounding” in this Wikipedia article is incorrect.

So, I suggest to change the current name “Equipment grounding” to something else like “Neutral-to-case bonding.”

By the way I’m not inventing this term. It’s used by Mike Holt, for example; see https://www.ecmweb.com/content/article/20892808/the-key-to-making-proper-neutraltocase-connections. Alej27 (talk) 14:21, 13 December 2023 (UTC)

In the latest version as I write this, dated 22 September 2023, there is no section named "Equipment grounding". Jc3s5h (talk) 16:45, 13 December 2023 (UTC)