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Red Hot Chili Peppers

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Red Hot Chili Peppers

The Red Hot Chili Peppers are a multiple Grammy Award-winning[1] American rock band, formed in Los Angeles, California in 1983.

Throughout their career, the band has successfully fused various elements of punk, funk, alternative rock, psychedelic rock and rap. They have collectively sold over 60 million albums worldwide, and also hold the record for most number one singles on the Billboard Modern Rock Chart with 11. The band also has a total accumulation of 81 weeks at number one, which is another record.[2]

Numerous lineup changes have influenced the band's music, style, and success throughout the nine studio recordings they have produced.

Band history

Formation and First Album (1983 - 1984)

People in school in australia is doing an a assessment on this, in media in Perth


The Red Hot Chili Peppers (originally Tony Flow and the Miraculous Masters of Mayhem)[3] were formed by Fairfax High School alumni Anthony Kiedis (vocals) Hillel Slovak (guitar), Michael "Flea" Balzary (bass), and Jack Irons (drummer),[4] following what was supposed to be a one-off performance. It was never the intent of the foursome to become part of the ubiquitous Los Angeles punk scene, as Slovak and Irons were already committed to another group, What Is This?. The band's first performance was at the Rhythm Lounge, to a limited crowd of roughly 30 people.[5] One song had been created for the occasion, which involved the band improvising music while Kiedis rapped a poem he had written called "Out in L.A.", regarding the wild, fanatical, and fervent scene that was L.A.[6] Following a week of scrupulous practice, the band began to feel confident in their work.

The performance was so full of energy and vigor, that those in charge of promoting the show begged the band to return once again the next week.[7] As a result, the band changed their name to the Red Hot Chili Peppers. There followed several shows at various LA clubs and musical venues. Six songs were derived from these initial shows, which were taped and recorded onto a demo tape, for reference and demonstration to, possibly, a record company.[8]

File:RHCP1986.jpg
A promotional flyer from 1986.

Several months after their first performance, the band was signed to the record label EMI. However, two weeks prior, What Is This? had obtained a record deal with MCA; Slovak and Irons considered the Red Hot Chili Peppers a side project; so they quit to pursue their first project. Nonetheless, the two remaining Chili Peppers' minds were focused on enduring the hindrance.[9] Cliff Martinez, an acquaintance of Flea's was asked to join the band shortly afterwards. Auditions for a new guitarist generated Jack Sherman, who was the exact opposite of what the Red Hot Chili Peppers were conceived of. Sherman failed to integrate into the compulsive lifestyles of the band members, consequently causing friction, and, often, arguments.[10]

Gang of Four guitarist Andy Gill was hired to produce their first album. Despite their warnings, he pushed the band to play with a cleaner, crisper and more radio viable sound, defying Anthony and Flea. This caused tension, as the Chili Peppers felt pressured into conforming into something they were not, and tried their best to remain original and unique.[11] The Red Hot Chili Peppers was released on August 10, 1984, to virtually no commercial success.[12] It initially sold an approximate 25,000 units, and garnered little marketable recognition.[13] The ensuing tour did not fare any better, as circulating tension between Kiedis and Sherman began to compromise the transition between concert and daily band-life. Consequently, soon after, Sherman was fired; Hillel Slovak returned after the liquefaction of What Is This?.

Freaky Styley and The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (1985 - 1988)

George Clinton was selected to produce the next Red Hot Chili Peppers album, Freaky Styley. Clinton successfully fused various elements of funk to the band's repertoire[14] , allowing the Chili Peppers to be musically diverse and varied, meeting their fruition. Compared to Andy Gill, Clinton was not only undemanding to work with, but believed in the band from the moment production began.[15] Released on August 16, 1985, Freaky Styley, as its predecessor, saw little to no commercial viability. It failed to mark any impression on any chart, whatsoever, and the resulting tour was unproductive and financially futile.[16]

Cliff Martinez departed from the group in the summer of 1986, and the band temporarily hired Chuck Biscuits to finish the tour. Jack Irons, out of work and finally separated from another commitment, rejoined the group, shocking Anthony, Flea, and Hillel. The band chose Michael Beinhorn to produce their next album[17]. Songs began to form quickly, and the album's shape came within sight; it would blend the same funk rhythm and feel as Freaky Styley had, but also take a harder more immediate approach to Punk rock and Funk Metal.[18] Having all four original members allowed for creativity to flow, and flourish.[19]

File:EarlyRHCP.jpg
RHCP original lineup, Left to right: Jack Irons, Flea, Anthony Kiedis, Hillel Slovak. Circa 1988.

On September 29, 1987 The Uplift Mofo Party Plan was released. It was the first Red Hot Chili Peppers' album which managed to influence the charts; although it only peaked on the Billboard Hot 200 at #148,[20] this was a significant success compared to their two preceding albums.

Meanwhile, Kiedis and Slovak had both developed serious drug addictions,[21] often leaving the band, each other, and their significant others for days on end. Hillel's need for drugs led to his death on June 25, 1988, not long after the conclusion of the Uplift tour.[22] It was virtually impossible for Kiedis to accept that his life-long friend had died, due to drugs he had deemed more precious than his own life. In such a state of denial, Kiedis fled the city and missed Slovak's funeral, believing the situation to be surreal and dreamlike.[23] Jack Irons called a band-meeting, where he announced he was forever leaving the band: "This is not where I want to be. I do not want to be part of something where my fucking friends are dying".[24]

Mother's Milk (1989-1990)

In an attempt to cope with the death of their life-long companion Slovak and the departure of Irons, Anthony and Flea momentarily employed Dead Kennedys drummer D. H. Peligro and former P-Funk guitarist DeWayne "Blackbyrd" McKnight. Neither sparked any notable chemistry for their remain; therefore they were each rapidly substituted with more appropriate members. John Frusciante surfaced, as an acquaintance of Flea's. He was fascinated with the Red Hot Chili Peppers and particularly interested in trying out; he had been an avid enthusiast for years. Following a constructive jam, there was a unanimous decision that John would be accepted into the band.

Three weeks prior to the inauguration of record production, the band was still in dire need of a drummer. Numerous disastrous auditions gave the three Chili Peppers doubts, but, eventually, they received a call from a close friend. She informed them of a someone she knew, Chad Smith, who was so proficient on the drums he "ate [them] for breakfast".[25] Anthony had various qualms about allowing Smith to try out; however, it was agreed to give the drummer a chance. Chad overwhelmed the band, by not only matching Flea's intricate and complex rhythm, but began to lead him. The successful jam session allowed Anthony, John and Flea to admit Chad into the band, untroubled.

When it came time to record, though, the foursome began butting heads with Michael Beinhorn, the album's producer. His foremost agenda was to transform Frusciante's guitar playing into a loud, overpowering sound, similar to the abrasive tones utilized in heavy metal.[26] It caused Frusciante great discomfort, as it contradicted his desired guitar playing. Beinhorn was assertive and manipulative, thus, changing the sound of what their next album may have been.[27]

The consequent album, Mother's Milk was released in August of 1989, and gave the Chili Peppers their first top modern rock hits with their tribute ballad to Slovak, "Knock Me Down",[28] and their cover of Stevie Wonder's "Higher Ground". The album reached #52 on the American album charts and became the bands first gold record.[29]

Blood Sugar Sex Magik (1990 - 1992)

In 1990, the group switched labels to Warner Bros. Records. Rick Rubin was hired to produce their fifth album, which was, at the time, still untitled. The writing process was far more productive than what was written during Mother's Milk. Kiedis said that: "[every day] now, there was new music for me to lyricize".[30]

Throughout the entire 6 month process, the long periods of rehearsal, songwriting, and the incubating of ideas led the band to record the album. Rick, however, was discontented with an everyday recording studio, implying the Chili Peppers would bear fruit in a more unorthodox setting. He came across an "amazing, huge, empty historically landmarked Mediterranean haunted mansion a stone's throw from where we all lived."[31] For the next, approximate, month, John, Anthony and Flea remained in seclusion, never once leaving the house during the entire recording process. Chad, however, decided not to stay, as, according to many, the mansion was haunted; he had no intention of remaining, and would leave on his Harley Davidson each night.[32]

File:Rhcppunkbssm.jpg
The band circa 1991 in a Blood Sugar Sex Magik promotional photo

The title of the album was still uncertain to the band, however, one particular song title stuck out: "Blood Sugar Sex Magik". Although it was not a featured song, Rick believed it to be "Clearly the best title we have now....."[33]

Finally, on September 24, 1991, Blood Sugar Sex Magik was released. "Give It Away" was released as the first single; it would eventually go on to win a Grammy award in 1992 for "Best Hard Rock Performance With Vocal"[34] and became the band's first number one single on the Modern Rock chart. The ballad "Under the Bridge" was released as the follow up single, it went on to reach #2 on the US Hot 100 chart,[35] the highest the band has reached on that chart,[36] and would become one of the band's most recognizable songs. Other singles such as "Breaking the Girl" and "Suck My Kiss" also fared well on the charts. The album itself was an international sensation, selling over 10 million copies and broadening the Chili Peppers audience.[37] Blood Sugar Sex Magik was listed at number 310 on the Rolling Stone magazine list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, and in 1992 it climbed all the way to # 3 on the U.S. album charts almost a year after its release.

Success and drug addiction were taking their toll on Frusciante, who abruptly quit the band during the Blood Sugar Japanese tour in May of 1992.[28] The band headlined Lollapalooza festival in 1992 with replacement guitarist Arik Marshall (who appeared with them in The Simpsons episode "Krusty Gets Kancelled", and the videos for "Breaking the Girl" and "If You Have to Ask"), and briefly with Jesse Tobias of the California based band Mother Tongue. Neither lasted very long, as they were both too dissimilar from the rest of the Chili Peppers. In 1993, former Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro was brought in as a member.

One Hot Minute (1993 - 1998)

Dave Navarro first appeared with the group at Woodstock '94 in which they wore enormous light-bulb costumes attached precariously to chrome metallic suits, making it near-impossible to play their instruments. To outsiders all seemed to be settling with the band internally, however, an inelastic relationship began to form between the three established members and Dave; he was having a difficult time creating bonds with his new band mates.[38] His vastly different outlook on life caused clashes as they went into the studio to begin work on their next album, and further continued to be an issue over the next year as his first and only effort with the Red Hot Chili Peppers, One Hot Minute, was recorded and released on September 12, 1995.

The album featured the familiar blend of funk, punk, and jazz, but this time showed increased metal and psychedelic influences. Despite mixed reviews, the album was a commercial success. It sold five million copies internationally, spawned the band's third #1 single, the ballad "My Friends," and enjoyed chart success with the songs "Warped" and "Aeroplane."

Kiedis had, by this point, resumed his heroin dependence, and had, predictably, lost his focus on the band's success. Announcements of Navarro's dismissal from the group in early 1998 cited the ubiquitous "creative differences", and given the lack of agreement between Navarro and the band came as no surprise to external observers. Reports at the time however indicated Navarro's firing came after he attended a band practice, blatantly under the influence of drugs, which at one point involved him falling backwards over his own amp. Kiedis himself has since said that although the event should have been comical, it was instead pitiful and was the impetus for Navarro's departure.

Californication (1998 - 2001)

Rumors circulated that John Frusciante was homeless, penniless, and sickly with a death-defying drug habit.[39] He was talked into admitting himself to Los Encinos Drug Rehabilitation center in January of 1998.[40] He concluded the process in February of that year and began renting a small apartment in Silver Lake. He acquired many injuries/problems in the years of his addiction, some requiring surgeries, including permanent scaring on his arms, a restructured nose, and new teeth to prevent fatal infection.

File:Rhcpcalifornication1.jpg
The newly reunited band in a Californication promotional shot. Circa 1999.

In April 1998, Flea visited his former band-mate and openly invited John to re-join the band, an invitation an emotional Frusciante readily accepted. Within the week and, for the first time in six years, the reunited foursome gathered to play, and jump-started the newly reunited Red Hot Chili Peppers.[41] Anthony Kiedis said of the situation

For me, that was the defining moment of what would become the next six years of our lives together. That was when I knew that this was the real deal, that the magic was about to happen again. Suddenly we could all hear, we could all listen, and instead of being caught up in our finite little balls of bullshit, we could all become players in that great universal orchestra again.[42]

Despite the band's obvious elation by Frusciante's storybook-like return, he was both mentally and physically torn. John had not played in several years, having previously sold every guitar he owned for drug money, and experienced a difficult time resuming life prior to his drug usage. His former talent did, however, resurface and new songs began to roll out. On June 8, 1999, after over a year of production and meticulous practice, Californication was released as the band's seventh studio album. An almost instant achievement,[43] the album ultimately sold over 15 million copies worldwide and became the band's most successful recording to date. Template:Sound sample box align right Template:Multi-listen start Template:Multi-listen item Template:Multi-listen item Template:Multi-listen end Template:Sample box end

It peaked at #3[44] in the US and produced three more number one modern rock hits: "Scar Tissue", "Otherside" and "Californication". "Scar Tissue" won the 2000 Grammy Award for Best Rock Song, the song was also performed at the ceremony and included a brief jam with rapper Snoop Dogg at its culmination. Other singles included "Around the World", "Road Trippin'" (UK only), and "Parallel Universe", which broke the Top 40 modern rock charts despite not having been commercially released as a single. Compared to their previous albums, Californication contained few rap-driven songs, instead integrating textured, consistent, and melodic guitar riffs, vocals and bass-lines.

In 2001, they released their first concert DVD, Off the Map, which was directed by longtime friend Dick Rude, who also produced the music videos for "Catholic School Girls Rule" and "Universally Speaking". The footage was derived of numerous different concerts, amalgamated with transition and indistinguishable song conversions.

By the Way (2002 - 2005)

The band returned to the studio in early 2001 and released By the Way over a year later, on July 9, 2002.

File:RHCPBTW.jpg
BTW Era. Circa 2002.

The album, at the time, was their most noteworthy chart debut (with over 700,000 copies sold in first week), emerging at #2,[45][46] and producing hit singles such as: "By the Way", "The Zephyr Song" , "Can't Stop", "Dosed", and "Universally Speaking" which was only released in Europe as a single and video. It is the most subdued album they had generated to date, focusing primarily on melodic ballads as opposed to their classic style of rap-driven funk. The album was followed by an eighteen month-long world tour from the group.

At the time of By the Way, John's musical fixation was rather contrary to that of Flea's and, thus, influenced the recording process significantly. Nearly all of By the Way's harmonious melodies are credited to John's interest in a deep, textured and multifaceted guitar playing, which was not completely opposing that of his band mate, though, nevertheless, generated more than a few unpleasant moments, as any bass line Flea would construct would continually be unsatisfactory for John and his scrupulous musical approach. Thus, Flea was planning on leaving the band following the American leg of the By the Way tour, at the time a decision his band mates were unaware of. However, he was convinced to stay on following the 2004 European leg of the tour, which showed Flea it wasn't time to call it quits yet.

The Chili Peppers recorded two new songs, "Fortune Faded" and "Save the Population", for their Greatest Hits album released in November 2003,[47] peaking at #18 on the Billboard Hot 200.[48] Though, to the surprise of countless fans, only two songs from By the Way were included in the compilation: "Universally Speaking" and "By the Way". Much criticism was drawn from the absence of "Can't Stop", which is, on a general basis, measured as one of the band's most popular and identifiable songs. The entire debacle may have been caused by the musical disagreement which began circulating between John and Flea.

File:Rhcpslanecastlelive.jpg
Live at Slane Castle on August 23, 2003.

The European leg of the By the Way tour would produce the band's second full-length concert DVD, Live at Slane Castle; recorded during a show at Slane Castle in Ireland on August 23, 2003. The band also went on to release their first ever full-length live album, from the 2004 European Tour, Live in Hyde Park; recorded during their performances in Hyde Park, London, due to immensely high attendance rate. It featured two previously unheard songs, "Rolling Sly Stone" and "Leverage of Space", which are believed to have been unreleased tracks from the By the Way sessions. In the three evenings the band performed in Hyde Park, they accumulated an estimated 17 million dollars, making it the highest grossing concert at a single venue in history (moving the Beatles to number 2).[49]

Stadium Arcadium (2006 - Present)

In 2006, the Red Hot Chili Peppers released the Grammy Award-winning Stadium Arcadium. Although 38 songs were created with the intention to be released as 3 mini-albums spaced six months apart[50] it was released in May 2006 as a 28-track double album. It was their first album to debut at #1 on the US charts, where it stayed for two weeks, and debuted at number one in the UK Albums Chart and 25 other countries as well. In the album's first week, it sold 442,000 units in the United States alone, and over 1,100,000 worldwide, setting a personal record for one week sales.[51] By year's end, Stadium Arcadium was named the number one selling album of the year with over 6 million units sold and also recorded the highest one week in total sales of the year. However, regardless of the massive success it was coupled with, the album was scrutinized for it's monotonous and overindulgent nature; almost as though it were circuitous in terms of energy; rambling without any true purpose.[52]

The record's first single "Dani California," was the band's fastest-selling single, debuting on top of the Modern Rock chart in the US, peaking at #6 on the Billboard Hot 100, and reaching #2 in the UK.[53] "Tell Me Baby,"released next, would also go on to top the charts in 2006. "Snow ((Hey Oh))" was released in late 2006, and by 2007 would be a multiple record breaking single. The song became their eleventh number one single making a cumulative total of 81 weeks at number one (all singles combined), and it was also the first time three consecutive singles by the band made it to number one.[54] "Desecration Smile" was released internationally in February 2007 and has reached number twenty seven on the UK charts. "Hump de Bump" was planned to be the next single for the US, Canada, and Australia only, but thanks to positive feedback of the music video, the release was pushed back until April, and will be released as a worldwide single.

On March 6, 2007 the Chili Peppers announced a contest for someone to direct a video for the song "Charlie" through their Youtube service.[55] Whether the song and video will be released as a single has yet to be determined.

File:Grammy2.jpg
John and Anthony at the 2007 Grammys.

In early 2007, the Chili Peppers won 5 Grammys: Best Rock Album (Stadium Arcadium), Best Rock Song ("Dani California"), Best Rock Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal ("Dani California"), Best Boxed Or Special Limited Edition Package (Stadium Arcadium), and Best Producer (Rick Rubin).[56] They were also nominated for Album of the Year (Stadium Arcadium) and Best Short Form Music Video ("Dani California"). The Grammy ceremony included a live performance of "Snow ((Hey Oh))", their most current single, complete with confetti snow that also can be seen in the official music video.

When asked whether or not he would like to cut another double album in a recent Rolling Stone interview, Anthony Kiedis replied that he would not like to, and that the next Chili Peppers release will "be one concise, straight-to-the-point, old-fashioned Beatles kind of record, eleven songs that you can enjoy during your lunch break."[57]

Music style

Techniques

Flea's bass style is an amalgamation of funk, psychedelic, punk, and hard rock.[58] The groove-heavy, low-tuned melodies, composed through either normal finger style or slapping (popping and slapping), have contributed to the Red Hot Chili Peppers' signature style. While Flea's slap bass style was prominent in earlier albums, later albums (post "Blood Sugar Sex Magik")[59] have more melodic, but always particular, basslines. He has also uses bass chords on "Don't Forget Me", "Blood Sugar Sex Magik" and "Snow ((Hey Oh))".

The employed techniques of guitarists whose works have been featured with the group share varied universally integrated traits, however, for the most part, seem to be different in their own respects. John Frusciante has brought a more melodic and textured sound to albums such as By the Way, and Californication.[60] During his first effort with the band, 1989's Mother's Milk, Frusciante consummated a more abrasive and overpowering approach,[61] rather than his current and most noteworthy guitar style. It was followed up with nearly the exact opposite; dry, funky and far more docile arrangements, which contrasts his intricate and multifaceted guitar techniques. During the short time he spent with the band, Dave Navarro focused on a style rooted in heavy metal, and progressive.[62] Replacement players appear to have attempted to remain as confined as possible to the style of original guitarist Hillel Slovak; with its heavy blues and funk elements.

Kiedis provides a range of vocal styles for Red Hot Chili Peppers songs. His approach of spoken verse and "rapping" (the latter being the primary characteristic of his vocals up to Blood Sugar Sex Magik) complemented with more traditional vocals have helped the band maintain a relatively consistent style.[63] Nevertheless, as the group became more sophisticated and mature, the vocal sequences present in albums ensuing Californication have drastically reduced the number of rapidly sung verses. By the Way only contained one song which remained true to the rap-driven-verses and subsequent melodic choruses. Thus, derived from such information, Kiedis resents his once distinguishing style of rapping and facilitates a melodic singing approach.[64] He has obtained this through various singing coaches throughout the nine Red Hot Chili Peppers' albums.

While Kiedis is the lead vocalist for the band, Frusciante often contributes backing vocals, as well as two part harmonies to various songs. His falsetto singing is used frequently, especially on By The Way and Stadium Arcadium. He shared lead vocal duties with Kiedis on "Knock Me Down" from Mother's Milk, five Blood Sugar Sex Magik song's chorus', "Dosed" from By the Way and an assortment of tracks from Stadium Arcadium. It has become a tradition that at some point during a Chili Peppers concert John performs an unaccompanied cover song, usually a hit from the 1960s or 1970s, or one of his own solo songs. Songs include (but are certainly not limited to) "Tiny Dancer" by Elton John, "How Deep Is Your Love" by The Beegees, "Maybe" by The Chantels,"I Feel Love" by Donna Summer and "Runaway" by Del Shannon[citation needed]

Improvisation

Improvisation has always been a major part of the signature style of the band. Early shows were composed almost entirely of improvisations. As well, many solos recorded on the current albums and played live by guitarist John Frusciante are improvised, as well as Flea's bass solos. The band has, for the better part of the last decade, opened the show with a short improvisation, always on the same key as the initial song. Sometimes the beginnings, middle sections and/or endings of the songs are extended by long improvisations, such as "Give It Away", "My Lovely Man", "If You Have to Ask", "Californication", "Parallel Universe", "Can't Stop", "Throw Away Your Television", and "Dani California".

Lyrical themes and topics

Through the years, Kiedis' lyrics have dealt with a variety of topics, which altered as the years progressed. Themes included within his expansive repertoire are love and the meaning of friendship,[65][66] teenage angst and good-time aggression,[67] sexual fantasies and the link between sex and music, political and social commentary (Native American issues in particular),[68] romance,[69], drugs[70][71] loneliness,[72] California,[73] poverty, alcohol, and dealing with death.[74]

Band members

Main article: Red Hot Chili Peppers band members

Works

Discography

Main article: Red Hot Chili Peppers discography

Videography

Main article: Red Hot Chili Peppers videography

Bibliography

  • Scar Tissue by Anthony Kiedis with Larry Sloman. ISBN 0-7515-3566-4

Awards

Year Award Title
1992 MTV VMA Breakthrough Video (Give It Away)
1992 MTV VMA Best Art Direction (Give It Away)
1992 MTV VMA Viewer's Choice (Under The Bridge)
1993 Grammy Awards Best Hard Rock Performance (Give It Away)
2000 MTV VMA Video Vanguard (career award)
2000 MTV VMA Best Art Direction (Californication)
2000 MTV VMA Best Direction (Californication)
2000 MTV VMA Best Artist Website
2000 MTV EMA Best Rock
2000 Billboard Awards Best Alternative Group
2000 American Music Awards Favorite Alternative Artist
2000 Grammy Awards Best Rock Song (Scar Tissue)
2002 MTV EMA Best Live Act
2002 MTV EMA Best Rock
2002 MTV VMA Latin America Best International Rock Artist
2003 MTV VMA Japan Best Rock Video
2003 Brit Awards Best International Group
2003 Rolling Stone 18'th Greatest Guitarist of All Time (John Frusciante)
2006 MTV VMA Best Art Direction (Dani California)
2006 MTV EMA Best Album (Stadium Arcadium)
2006 Chainsaw Awards Killer Video (Dani California)
2006 American Music Awards Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group
2006 American Music Awards Favorite Alternative Artist
2006 U Choose 40 (NZ) Best 90's ANTHEMS (NZ) Song (Under The Bridge)
2007 U Choose 40 (NZ) Best Big Day Out (NZ) Artist (Give it Away)
2007 Grammy Awards Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal (Dani California)
2007 Grammy Awards Best Rock Song (Dani California)
2007 Grammy Awards Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package (Stadium Arcadium)
2007 Grammy Awards Best Rock Album (Stadium Arcadium)
2007 Grammy Awards Best Producer (Rick Rubin - Stadium Arcadium)

Notes

  1. ^ http://music.msn.com/music/grammys/listofwinners?GT1=9076
  2. ^ Complete Red Hot Chili Peppers Chart List on Charts pertaining to Billboard Magazine. [1]
  3. ^ Anthony Kiedis - Scar Tissue; page 105
  4. ^ All Music Guide Biography; Line 6
  5. ^ Anthony Kiedis - Scar Tissue; page 106
  6. ^ VH1 Behind the Music
  7. ^ Anthony Kiedis - Scar Tissue; page 106
  8. ^ Anthony Kiedis - Scar Tissue; page 115
  9. ^ Anthony Kiedis - Scar Tissue; page 127
  10. ^ Anthony Kiedis - Scar Tissue; page 134
  11. ^ Anthony Kiedis - Scar Tissue; page 144
  12. ^ All Music Guide - Chart Position; note the absence of The Red Hot Chili Peppers (album) and Freaky Styley [2]
  13. ^ All Music Guide; The Red Hot Chili Peppers (album) [3]
  14. ^ AMG Freaky Styley Review, Jason Birchmeier.[4]
  15. ^ Anthony Kiedis – Scar Tissue; page 175-175
  16. ^ Anthony Kiedis – Scar Tissue; page 178-179
  17. ^ Anthony Kiedis - Scar Tissue; page 210-220
  18. ^ AMG Uplift Mofo Party Plan Review, Bill Meredith. [5]
  19. ^ Anthony Kiedis – Scar Tissue; page 205
  20. ^ "The Uplift Mofo Party Plan". Billboard Magizine. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  21. ^ Anthony Kiedis - Scar Tissue; page 219-225
  22. ^ Anthony Kiedis – Scar Tissue; page 222
  23. ^ Anthony Kiedis – Scar Tissue; page 210-223
  24. ^ Anthony Kiedis – Scar Tissue; page 224
  25. ^ Scar Tissue- Anthony Kiedis; Page 233
  26. ^ Anthony Kiedis; Scar Tissue - Page 240-244
  27. ^ Anthony Kiedis; Scar Tissue - Page 240-250
  28. ^ a b Prato, Greg. "Red Hot Chili Peppers > Biography". All Music Guide. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
  29. ^ "Mother's Milk". Billboard Magizine. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  30. ^ Scar Tissue; Anthony Kiedis - Page 264
  31. ^ Scar Tissue; Anthony Kiedis – Page 274
  32. ^ Scar Tissue by Anthony Kiedis – Page 274-275
  33. ^ Scar Tissue; Anthony Kiedis - Page 279
  34. ^ Grammy Info; Artists: Red Hot Chili Peppers [6]
  35. ^ All Music Guide - Singles Chart Position [7]
  36. ^ All Music Guide - Singles Chart Position [8]
  37. ^ "Artist Chart History - Red Hot Chili Peppers". Billboard.
  38. ^ Scar Tissue; Anthony Kiedis - Page 350
  39. ^ Greg Prato, All Music Guide - Red Hot Chili Peppers Biography; [9]
  40. ^ All Music Guide John Frusciante Biography [10]
  41. ^ (Entire Paragraph) Anthony Kiedis - Scar Tissue; pages 389-400
  42. ^ Anthony Kiedis– Scar Tissue, Page 399.
  43. ^ All Music Chart Success; See Californication, Billboard Top 200 [11]
  44. ^ All Music Chart Success; See Californication, Billboard Top 200 [12]
  45. ^ All Music Chart Success; See By the Way, Billboard Top 200 [13]
  46. ^ "Artist Chart History - Red Hot Chili Peppers". Billboard.
  47. ^ "Artist Chart History - Red Hot Chili Peppers". Billboard.
  48. ^ "Artist Chart History - Red Hot Chili Peppers". Billboard.
  49. ^ "News Uncut". MTVe.com. 2004-07-14. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
  50. ^ Catucci, Nick. "Red Hot Chili Peppers: Stadium Arcadium" (review). Blender magazine, June 2006 (Issue 48), p. 146
  51. ^ Billboard Magazine, Stadium Arcadium chart success [14]
  52. ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine - All Music Guide; Stadium Arcadium Review [15]
  53. ^ "http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.vnuArtistId=5507&model.vnuAlbumId=765554". {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  54. ^ "Artist Chart History - Red Hot Chili Peppers". Billboard. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
  55. ^ http://youtube.com/profile?user=RHCPtv
  56. ^ 49th Annual Grammy Awards Nominee List, Grammy.com, http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/49th_Show/list.aspx
  57. ^ Rolling Stone Magazine Grammy Preview, Issue #1019, http://www.rollingstone.com
  58. ^ All Music Guide; Flea Biography [16]
  59. ^ All Music Guide; Flea Biography [17]
  60. ^ "Total Guitar Magazine interview with John Frusciante". Total Guitar. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  61. ^ "All Music Guide; Mother's Milk". All Music Guide. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  62. ^ One Hot Minute review [18]
  63. ^ All Music Guide; Anthony Kiedis Biography [19]
  64. ^ AMG By the Way Album Review. [20]
  65. ^ Under the Bridge; Anthony Kiedis, Scar Tissue - Page 264-265
  66. ^ Breaking the Girl; Anthony Kiedis, Scar Tissue - Page 271
  67. ^ Police Helicopter; Anthony Kiedis, Scar Tissue - Page 108
  68. ^ Green Heaven; Anthony Kiedis, Scar Tissue - Page 112
  69. ^ I Could Have Lied; Anthony Kiedis, Scar Tissue - Page 269-270
  70. ^ Under the Bridge; Anthony Kiedis, Scar Tissue - Page 265
  71. ^ Knock Me Down; Anthony Kiedis, Scar Tissue - Page 242
  72. ^ Scar Tissue; Anthony Kiedis, Scar Tissue - Page 404-405
  73. ^ Californication; Anthony Kiedis, Scar Tissue - Page 418-419
  74. ^ Venice Queen; Anthony Kiedis, Scar Tissue - Page 456

See also

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