Eulalia of Barcelona
Eulalia of Barcelona | |
|---|---|
 Bernat Martorell's Martyrdom of Saint Eulalia, 1442–1445 (Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya). | |
| Martyr | |
| Born | c. 289 Barcelona, Hispania (Spain) |
| Died | February 12, 303 (aged 13) Barcelona, Hispania |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholicism, Anglicanism, Lutheranism and Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Canonized | 633 by Pope Vitalian |
| Major shrine | Cathedral of Santa Eulàlia, Barcelona |
| Feast | February 12 (August 22 and December 10 in the Orthodox Church) |
| Attributes | X-shaped cross, stake, and dove |
| Patronage | Barcelona, Spain; sailors; against drought [1] |
Eulalia (c. 289 – February 12, 303), co-patron saint of Barcelona, was a 13-year-old Roman Christian virgin who was martyred in Barcelona during the persecution of Christians in the reign of emperor Diocletian (although the Sequence of Saint Eulalia mentions the "pagan king" Maximian). There is some dispute as to whether she is the same person as Eulalia of Mérida, whose story is similar.[1]
History
Eulalia, age thirteen, was the daughter of a noble family that lived near the city of Barcelona. Amid the persecutions under Diocletian, governor Dacian arrived in the city intent on enforcing the decrees. Sometime later, Eulalia left her home, entered the city and confronted the governor for his merciless persecution of Christians. Unable to dismiss the eloquent arguments of a young girl, Dacian soon had her thrown into a tiny prison that never saw the light of day. The next day, he had her taken out. She was stripped, and flogged brutally. Then men came over, and tore her sides to the bone with iron hooks. Then she was forced to walk barefoot, on glowing, hot embers. Her breasts were then torn from her body. Then she was put, naked in a barrel full of knives, sharp rocks, and broken shards of glasss, and rolled down a hill. The knives and glass cut and lacerated her body terribly. Then her torn body was taken out of the barrel. The men rubbed her wounds with stones, and covered her body with boiling pitch. She was then thrown into quicklime, and locked in
pen full of fleas. Finlly, Dacian hd her strapped naked on an X-shaped platform, so the crows could further torture ad humiliate her. Resisting to the end, she prayed that God would take her to Heaven, and died of her wounds.[2]
After she was dead, a a final insult, Dacian had her had cut off. A dove is supposed to have flown forth from her neck following her death. Then, a sudden snowstorm covered her body like a garment.[2]
It is traditionally believed that her tortures culminated in her crucifixion on an X-shaped cross, and she is depicted with this cross as the instrument of her martyrdom. However, it has been posited that she was instead publicly tortured to death on an X frame and her body left on display, artistic depictions of this leading to the later belief that she was crucified.[3]
Veneration
There are a number of similarities with the description of the martyrdom of Eulalia of Mérida.
Her body was originally interred in the church of Santa Maria de les Arenes (St. Mary of the Sands; now Santa Maria del Mar, St. Mary of the Sea). It was hidden in 713 during the Moorish invasion, and only recovered in 878. In 1339, it was relocated to an alabaster sarcophagus in the crypt of the newly built Cathedral of Santa Eulalia.[4] The festival of Saint Eulalia is held in Barcelona for a week around her feast day on February 12.[5]
Eulalia is commemorated with statues and street names throughout Barcelona.[6] For example, Eulalia is traditionally believed to have been placed in a barrel with shards of glass and rolled down the street named Baixada de Santa Eulàlia ("Saint Eulalia's descent").[6]
See also
- Sequence of Saint Eulalia – French hagiography from AD 880
- Saint Eulalia of Barcelona, patron saint archive
References
- ^ Haliczer, Stephen (2002). Between exaltation and infamy: Female mystics in the Golden Age of Spain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 236. ISBN 0-19-514863-0.
- ^ a b "Virgin Martyr Eulalia of Barcelona", Orthodox Church in America
- ^ Santa Eulalia de Barcelona (in Spanish)
- ^ Santa Maria del Mar Archived 2006-02-05 at the Wayback Machine from The New York Times travel guide.
- ^ Festes de Santa Eulàlia Archived 2008-09-17 at the Wayback Machine from Barcelona municipal website (in Catalan)
- ^ a b Vázquez Montalbán, Manuel (1992). Barcelonas. London: Verso. p. 42. ISBN 0-86091-353-8.
External links
- St. Eulalia of Barcelona from the Catholic Encyclopedia
- Saint of the Day, February 12: Eulalia of Barcelona Archived 2017-09-25 at the Wayback Machine at SaintPatrickDC.org
- St. Eulalia page at the Christian Iconography web site
- Catalan saints
- Saints from Hispania
- Christian child saints
- Spanish children
- 290 births
- 303 deaths
- Burials at Barcelona Cathedral
- 4th-century Christian martyrs
- 3rd-century Roman women
- 4th-century Roman women
- People executed by crucifixion
- Christians martyred during the reign of Diocletian
- Executed children
- Virgin martyrs