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Time Out of Mind (Steely Dan song)

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"Time Out of Mind"
Single by Steely Dan
from the album Gaucho
B-side"Bodhisattva" (live)
ReleasedMarch 14, 1981 (1981-03-14)[1]
GenreJazz rock, pop rock
Length4:10[2]
LabelMCA
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)Gary Katz
Steely Dan singles chronology
"Hey Nineteen"
(1980) 		"Time Out of Mind"
(1981) 		"Babylon Sisters"
(1981)
Official Audio
"Time Out of Mind" on YouTube

"Time Out of Mind" is a song by the American rock group Steely Dan that was first released on their 1980 album Gaucho. It was also released as the album's second single in 1981, peaking at number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 and remaining on the chart for 11 weeks. It was Steely Dan's final hit before disbanding in the summer of that year.[3][4]

The writing of "Time Out of Mind" took place amid the worsening drug addiction of Steely Dan member Walter Becker who co-wrote the song with his bandmate Donald Fagen. The meaning of the lyrics is not explicit, but they are generally thought to concern heroin use. The song has been described by critics as "oddly cheery"[5] and "deceptively upbeat".[6]

The creation of "Time Out of Mind" was somewhat troubled. Mark Knopfler, the Dire Straits guitarist hired to play on the track, described his experience recording the part as "painstaking". Overdubbing and obsessive mixing caused the tape containing the song to degrade, making the mixing process delicate and restrictive. Becker was only minimally involved by then, having been badly injured in a car accident and only able to communicate with the studio by phone.[7] The mix was eventually finished before the tape was ruined. Before the single's release, several radio stations were already playing the song, causing MCA Records to hurriedly release the single with a reused B-side and leading to a minor dispute between the record company and Steely Dan.

Background and production

Walter Becker and Donald Fagen wrote "Time Out of Mind" at Fagen's Malibu home not long before the song would be recorded.[7]

Shortly after work began on Gaucho in 1978, Becker and Fagen assembled their desired personnel for the track. They brought in previous Steely Dan participants like backing vocalist Michael McDonald and drummer Rick Marotta as well as first-time collaborators like Rob Mounsey. Becker played bass, and Fagen sang lead vocals. Fagen also played piano, electric piano, and synthesizer, though Mounsey played these instruments for the instrumental section. Mounsey, although credited with arranging the horns, said most of the ideas for the horn arrangements came from Fagen who would sing them for Mounsey to chart and lightly rework. In the interest of simplicity, Fagen was credited for the electric piano and synthesizer, and Mounsey was credited for the piano and horn arrangement.[7][2]

With the song's recording partway finished, Becker and Fagen recruited Dire Straits' guitarist Mark Knopfler to overdub a guitar track, Knopfler having impressed the two with his playing on Dire Straits' debut album. Becker noted that Knopfler seemed "worried" about the recording; Knopfler could not sight-read and had to prepare by listening to a tape of the song at home, where he realized he did not know all of the chords or which parts of the song he was expected to play over. In the studio, Knopfler was asked to do a multiplicity of takes, working for hours until 4 a.m. He mistook Becker and Fagen's typical exhaustiveness for dissatisfaction with his playing.[7] He described the experience as "painstaking"[8] and "like getting into a swimming pool with lead weights tied to your boots",[7] although he, Becker, and Fagen were ultimately pleased with the results.[7][8]

Not every player on the track reported such a laborious recording experience. Marotta, for instance, described a more straightforward session, saying: "Donald [Fagen] and I did ... 'Time Out of Mind,' just the three of us—the click track, Donald, and me. He sang and played piano, and I played the drum track. It took no time. That's what's on the record."[9]

In 1980, as "Time Out of Mind" was undergoing rigorous mixing, the tape containing the song was degrading significantly; it had been recurrently passed over the heads during the overdubbing and mixing processes, causing it to shed.[7] Engineer Elliot Scheiner recalled seeing "oxide building up on the heads" as the tape was played, and he feared it was "falling apart".[10] To avoid destroying the tape altogether, Fagen and Scheiner had to limit the number of times they ran it while finishing the mix.[7]

Composition and lyrics

"Time Out of Mind" was described by Jeff Giles of Ultimate Classic Rock as consisting of "sunny horn charts, [a] minimalistic, toe-tapping beat ... and [a] deceptively dark singalong chorus".[11] It opens with Marotta's drum beat, Fagen's piano riff, and a brief guitar solo by Knopfler before Fagen's vocals commence.[2] Following the second chorus, there is an instrumental bridge that lasts for about 50 seconds.[12] The song's chord structure consists wholly of parallel root-position chords.[13]

According to many analyses, the lyrics concern recreational drug use. Stewart Mason of AllMusic said "'Time Out of Mind' is a barely veiled song about heroin", citing a lyric in the chorus that makes reference to "chasing the dragon" (a slang term for smoking heroin)[14] as well as a line in the second verse about "the mystical sphere direct from Lhasa".[15][note 1] According to David Browne of Rolling Stone, "the narrator of 'Time Out of Mind' just wants another heroin high".[17]

Ian MacDonald of Uncut noted the song's tonal contrast between music and lyrics, writing that its "sublime enlightenment ... turns out to be chemical" and adding that Steely Dan's lyrics "exude class as well as underclass, while the music, whatever its guise or disguise, is immaculate."[18] In his book Major Dudes, critic Barney Hoskyns similarly remarked on this juxtaposition, calling the song "an oddly cheery junkie classic". Additionally, Hosykns noted that the song was "written in the full flow of Becker's turn-of-the-decade addiction,"[5] a reference to Becker's spiraling drug use circa Gaucho.[19] Dan Weiss of Billboard suggested that, considering the subject matter, the song is "deceptively upbeat ... despite (or because of?) the addictions tearing Walter Becker apart from artistic success and his friendship with Donald Fagen".[6]

Some critics did not regard "Time Out of Mind" as a song explicitly about drugs. Richard Cromelin of the Los Angeles Times characterized the song more broadly as "a cryptic, high-spirited outline of some mystical ceremony",[20] and Stephen Holden of The New York Times interpreted it as mocking "gurus".[21]

The phrase "time out of mind", Richard F. Thomas suggested in his essay "Shadows Are Falling", is synonymous with "time immemorial", a phrase meaning time extending "beyond memory or record".[22] Thomas, while examining the title of the 1997 Bob Dylan album Time Out of Mind, said that the phrase "draws attention to the importance of memory in [Dylan's] album" and named the Steely Dan song as one of the album's intertexual connections.[23] In his Ultimate Classic Rock write-up of the song, Jeff Giles reworded the phrase as time "out of one's skull", a state of "disconnected bliss" achieved through drugs.[11]

Release and reception

Album and single releases

"Time Out of Mind" was originally released in the US by MCA Records as the fifth track on Gaucho on November 21, 1980.[7] It was released in the US as Gaucho's second single on March 14, 1981.[1] It was also released as the B-side of "Babylon Sisters", the album's third single, in the UK that same month.[24]

Following its release, there was a dispute between Steely Dan and MCA Records regarding the B-side of "Time Out of Mind"; Becker, Fagen, and producer Gary Katz had settled on Gaucho's closer, "Third World Man", as the B-side, but MCA instead released "Time Out of Mind" with the live version of "Bodhisattva" which had just been used as the B-side of "Hey Nineteen", Steely Dan's single from the previous year. Steely Dan's manager Irving Azoff felt MCA was trying to drum up record sales by refusing to put an album track on the single's B-side. According to Bob Siner of MCA, the decision to use "Bodhisattva" had to do with radio stations' urgent demand for a new Steely Dan single; several stations, including WABC-FM in New York, had been airing "Time Out of Mind" before it was officially out as a single, so the company used a B-side that was already mastered in order to expedite the single's release.[7]

Chart performance

Following its US release in 1981, "Time Out of Mind" entered the Billboard Hot 100, remaining on the chart for 11 weeks and in the Top 40 for seven weeks. It peaked at number 22 for two weeks and ranked 138 on Billboard's year-end chart.[25] It also peaked at number 13 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart[26] and charted in the Cash Box Top 100 for 10 weeks,[27] peaking at number 23.[28]

Critical reception

In an issue of Billboard following the release of Gaucho, "Time Out of Mind" was listed first of the album's "best cuts".[29] In a review of the album, Richard Cromelin of the Los Angeles Times assessed the song as "a piece of catchy, propulsive pop that reveals little but conveys much".[20] A 1981 issue of Record World gave an approving description of the single after its release, calling it "a box of mixed chocolates ... offer[ing] an aural array of rich keyboard/guitar figures—all by a star-studded cast."[30]

In a review of Gaucho, Richard Evans of Melody Maker complained that Knopfler's guitar work was overpowered in the mix and rendered nearly inaudible, and he likened Steely Dan's use of Knopfler on the song to "employing Michelangelo to paint your ceiling with Dulux".[7] In a retrospective review of the song, AllMusic critic Stewart Mason echoed Evans's criticism, calling the song's guitar "lackluster" and saying:

"[F]or some odd reason, it's mixed well behind the rest of the arrangement, so far back that the listener has to pay careful attention even to hear it properly; worse yet, it's not a particularly memorable solo, and it's so lacking in Knopfler's usual distinctive style that even a Dire Straits fan probably couldn't guess it was him without looking at the credits."[15]

Another AllMusic critic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine, in a retrospective review of Gaucho, criticized the album as a whole for being "precise and studied" but cited "Time Out of Mind" as one of its redeeming tracks, calling it "suave" in contrast to "the remainder of the album's glossy, meandering fusion".[31] In his book The Special Liveliness of Hooks in Popular Music and Beyond, recording artist and composer Steven G. Smith praised the song's "limpid arrangement" as well as Marotta's drum part in particular, saying:

"The great hook is not in any of the early fills ... It comes after the song is well launched, at a point in the second section of the first verse when it strikes you that there should have been another fill or two but...there wasn't. That's when you realize the beat is unstoppable, sovereign and essential, mattering more than anything else Marotta could conceivably add to it. It's scarcely more than the boom-chick-boom-chick of bass drum and snare ... but it's awesomely crisp."[32]

The song was included in music journalist and historian Bruce Pollock's reference book Rock Song Index, which aimed to identify "the most important songs as well as the biggest" between 1944 and 2000.[3]

Personnel

Adapted from the liner notes:[2]

Cover versions

Notes

  1. ^ In Gaucho's liner notes, "mystical sphere" was transcribed as "mystical stone".[2] Corrected lyrics were uploaded to Steely Dan's official website, which also changed the spelling of "Lasa" to "Lhasa".[16]
  2. ^ a b Though credited separately, Fagen and Mounsey worked together on piano, electric piano, synthesizer, and the horn arrangement (see § Background and production).[7]
  3. ^ Lesley Miller is credited as "Leslie Miller" in the liner notes.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b O'Rourke, Stephen V. (2007). The Steely Dan File. p. 148. ISBN 9780615172996 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Gaucho (Liner notes). Steely Dan. MCA Records. 1980. p. 1.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  3. ^ a b Pollock, Bruce (2005). Rock Song Index: The 7500 Most Important Songs for the Rock and Roll Era: 1944-2000 (2nd ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis Group. pp. ix, 372. ISBN 9781135462963 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Steely Dan Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  5. ^ a b Hoskyns, Barney (2017). "A squonk's tears: Steely Dan at forty-five". In Hoskyns, Barney (ed.). Major Dudes: A Steely Dan Companion. Abrams. ISBN 978-1-47212-753-2.
  6. ^ a b Weiss, Dan (3 September 2017). "The 15 Greatest Steely Dan Songs". Billboard. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Sweet, Brian (2000). Steely Dan: Reelin' in the Years. Omnibus Press. pp. 135–153. ISBN 0711982791 – via Internet Archive.
  8. ^ a b Siegel, Joel (July 1979). "Mark Knopfler, Innovative Leader Of Dire Straits". Guitar Player. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  9. ^ Micaleff, Ken (1 November 1992). "The Drummers of Steely Dan" (PDF). Modern Drummer. Vol. 16, no. 11. Ronald Spagnardi. p. 109. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  10. ^ Massey, Howard (1999). [Interview with Elliot Scheiner]. EQ. Miller Freeman Publications. Retrieved 19 November 2023. – via Google Books.
  11. ^ a b Giles, Jeff (2 August 2013). "Weekend Songs: Steely Dan, 'Time Out of Mind'". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  12. ^ Okun, Milton (2000). Steely Dan Anthology. New York: Cherry Lane Music. pp. 130–136. ISBN 1575603144 – via Internet Archive.
  13. ^ Everett, Walter (2004). "A Royal Scam: The Abstruse and Ironic Bop-Rock Harmony of Steely Dan". Music Theory Spectrum. 26 (2): 220. doi:10.1525/mts.2004.26.2.201. ISSN 0195-6167. JSTOR 10.1525/mts.2004.26.2.201.
  14. ^ Strang, John; Griffiths, Paul; Gossop, Michael (June 1997). "Heroin smoking by 'chasing the dragon': origins and history". Addiction. 92 (6): 673–684. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1997.9266734.x. PMID 9246796. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  15. ^ a b Mason, Stewart. "Time Out of Mind – Steely Dan". AllMusic. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  16. ^ "LYRICS: GAUCHO (1980)". SteelyDan.com. Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  17. ^ Browne, David (22 June 2021). "Yacht Rock: Album Guide". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  18. ^ MacDonald, Ian (2017) [March 2002]. "Retrospective review of Gaucho". In Hoskyns, Barney (ed.). Major Dudes: A Steely Dan Companion. Abrams. ISBN 978-1-47212-753-2.
  19. ^ Cromelin, Richard (3 November 1991). "Return of the Nightfly". Los Angeles Times. p. 211. Retrieved 21 November 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ a b Cromelin, Richard (30 November 1980). "...and an LP with Ironies in the Fire". Los Angeles Times. p. 80. Retrieved 21 November 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ^ Holden, Stephen (18 January 1981). "Steely Dan's New Songs". The New York Times. p. 2. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  22. ^ Oxford English Dictionary (1971 ed.), Vol. I, p. 63c
  23. ^ Thomas, Richard F. (2007). "Shadows are Falling: Virgil, Radnóti, and Dylan, and the Aesthetics of Pastoral Melancholy". In Paschalis, Michael (ed.). Pastoral Palimpsests: Essays in the Reception of Theocritus and Virgil. Crete University Press. p. 207. ISBN 9789605242374.
  24. ^ Strong, Martin Charles (1995). The Great Rock Discography. p. 782. ISBN 9780862415419 – via Internet Archive.
  25. ^ Whitburn, Joel (1991). Pop Singles Annual: 1955–1990. Record Research. p. 434. – via Internet Archive.
  26. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2007). Billboard Top Adult Songs: 1961-2006. Wisconsin: Menomonee Falls. p. 262. ISBN 9780898201697 – via Internet Archive.
  27. ^ "CASH BOX Top 100 Singles: Week ending MAY 16, 1981". Cash Box. Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  28. ^ "CASH BOX Top 100 Singles: Week ending APRIL 25, 1981". Cash Box. Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  29. ^ "Top Album Picks". Billboard. 29 November 1980. p. 69. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  30. ^ "Hits of the Week" (PDF). Record World. 7 March 1981. p. 1. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  31. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Gaucho – Steely Dan". AllMusic. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  32. ^ G. Smith, Steven (2023). The Special Liveliness of Hooks in Popular Music and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. xiii, 69. ISBN 9783031239762 – via Google Books.
  33. ^ "Grover Washington, Jr.: Time Out of Mind". AllMusic. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  34. ^ "Lou Hayter.: Time Out of Mind". AllMusic. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  35. ^ "Acoustic Lounge: Alone Together". Jazzfuel. 8 July 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
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