Talk:Fire blight

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"(especially with nitrogen) can lead to waterspouts and other midsummer growth."

waterspouts is mis linked. From the context this refers to some feature of the growth fruit trees, not the weather feature.it can also become evident within small sprounts in the root system of most apple trees

Google search turns up some references to waterspouts in this context.

c.f. quote from a guardening site.

"vigorous vertical-growing branches (waterspouts)"

Not familiar enough with the growth feature to write a useable entry to link to.

Pro tem unref the exiting link to the weather feature, which is clearly incorrect and confusing. Shokaman ++++++++++ Is it possible that this is a "typo" (waterspouts)? I have used and heard the term "watersprouts" often in the tree fruit industry. Would suggest this is a simple spelling error. Stutzman luvs men

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Cheryl Obiadi 10/26/2016- Edits I wish to add to the article (Continuation of the last article)

E.amylovara unfortunately does not have it's own wikipedia page up yet, and links directly to the fireblight article on wikipedia. This prompts me to want to start an article page on E.amylovara on Wikipedia, which  feel would be dandy as I noticed the current quams with the fireblight article currently on Wikipedia.

a) The history of E.amylovara on the article is rather quite minute and could contain a tad bit more information. Like the belief of how E.amylovara was imported into Northern Europe through fruit containers. No dates are mentioned in the article supporting the time of entry and dispersal. There isn't much information on how the disease spread in Europe. The article focuses more on the possibility of it's occurence in Australia do to frequent importations from New Zealand.

b) There is supple information concerning the dispersal and dissemination of E.amylovara, as well as the primary host of the bacteria which is the family Roscacea sub-family pomoideae, the article even goes further on to discuss the exact species-plants most susceptible to the effect of the bacterium. It would be nice though if the subfamily name could be added to the article as well. Also, the acrticle could go further on to discuss other modes of entry such as through the host plants xylem and cortical paranchyma tissues and not just stomata.

c) The article could also shed more light on control methods, As well as shine light on the reason why prevention is better than cure for E.amylovara. Which is because the bacteria once it enters the cell spreads in the endophytic phase of pathogens. It could also be more favorable if the article could speak more on the disadvantages of using antibiotics such as streptomycin, which is due to the fact that bacterium can transfer favorable genes horizontally, even from bacterium not of the same species. Although, I must admit that I like how the article made mention of the exact states where E.amylovara had gained resistance to streptomycin such as Washington, and Oregon. Which I am not too sure may still hold true? Possibly other areas have developed a resistance to the antibiotics already. Also, the use of copper as a form of prevention was not mentioned at all not to even speak of mentioned extensively.

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Cheryl Obiadi The article of which I plan to contribute to is ""erwinia amylovora"" [Amylovora]

""Content I wish to add to article""

""History of E.amylovora""
        It is accepted that this destructive crop bacteria had initially originated in North America. It can currently be found in all the provinces of Canada, as well as in some parts of the United States of America some states include Alabama, California, Colorado, Connecticut,

Georgia, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin. Other countries of its occurrence include but are not limited to Mexico and Bermuda.

        It is believed that the pathogen was first introduced into Northern Europe through bacterial ooze from fruit containers in the 1950's, imported from Northern America. During the 1950's-1960's, E.amylovora had spread through much of Northern Europe, yet leaving large areas of Germany and France seemingly untouched by the disease of which the bacteria causes "fireblight". This was short lived, as E.amylovora made it's presence known when it was discovered in the later 1990's. By the 1980's the E.amylovora bacteria had been found in the Eastern Meditteranian. Finally from the years 1995-1996 cases of fireblight had begun to be reported in Hungary, Romania, Northern Italy and Northern Spain.  

""Hosts/ Biology""

      The preponderant hosts/most susceptible plantae of the deadly pathogen are in the family Rosaceae, the sub-family pomoideae. The bacteria makes it's entry into it's host xylem or cortical paranchyma. It can also enter through stomata, lenticles and hydathodes.  

""Dispersal and Control"" It can be naturally dispersed by rain and insects, but this mode of dispersal is very ineffective and can only be effective for local transmission of the pathogen.

      It is a gram negatice bacterium (as stated above).
It indeed has cells, short rods with rounded ends made motile by many pertichous flagellae. 
      E.amylovora needs to be destroyed externally, before it enters the cell. This is simply because once it enters the host, it spreads in the endophytic phase of pathogenisis. Once this happens external control methods become ineffective. The ideal control method is done by making use of copper and antibiotics on the external of the plant. This is the only effective method and it is indeed preventative. Currently it has been noted that E.amylovora has developed a resistant to the antibiotic streptomycin, as do most bacteria due to their flexible ability to transfer preferential genes promoting resistivity horizontally from species not even similar to it as all bacterium can. Which prompts for E. amylovara treatment to be followed strictly in crops and until 

Sources 1)https://www.eppo.int/QUARANTINE/data_sheets/bacteria/ERWIAM_ds.pdf https://www.eppo.int/QUARANTINE/data_sheets/bacteria/ERWIAM_ds.pdf 2) American Society for Microbiology Article 3) Virulence(N.I.H) 4) Superbug Aricle ---Given in class by Professor Hirshorn

References

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment

This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Cobiadi.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 21:25, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Language

This page has mangled language and needs improving. 2001:8F8:1F16:5628:3:1:3EBE:B44A (talk) 05:18, 19 May 2021 (UTC)

• Ok well 1) Could you be more specific 2) Could you help? Because I looked quickly and I it’s not all mangled. Invasive Spices (talk) 22:09, 19 May 2021 (UTC)