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Embassy of the United States, Managua

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Coordinates: 12°7′54″N 86°18′33″W / 12.13167°N 86.30917°W / 12.13167; -86.30917
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Embassy of the United States in Nicaragua
Embajada de Estados Unidos Managua
Map
LocationNicaragua Managua, Nicaragua
AddressKilometer 5 1/2 (5.5) Carretera Sur
Coordinates12°7′54″N 86°18′33″W / 12.13167°N 86.30917°W / 12.13167; -86.30917
AmbassadorKevin O'Reilly (since 2023)
WebsiteU.S. Embassy in Nicaragua Edit this at Wikidata

The mission of the United States Embassy in Nicaragua is to advance the interests of the United States, and to serve and protect US citizens in Nicaragua. As of 2023, Chargé d’Affaires of the United States to Nicaragua is Kevin O'Reilly.

History

Main article: Nicaragua–United States relations

Diplomatic ties between the United States and Nicaragua were first established in 1824 when Nicaragua was part of the Federation of Central American States. The United States formally recognized an independent Nicaragua on December 24, 1849, following Nicaragua's withdrawal from the Federation in 1838.[1][2]

The first diplomatic mission of the United States in Nicaragua commenced on February 18, 1851, with John B. Kerr as the Chargé d’Affaires. However, relations have experienced interruptions, such as when the United States severed diplomatic ties on December 1, 1909, due to the execution of US citizens who supported a rebellion against Nicaraguan President José Santos Zelaya. Subsequent re-establishment of relations occurred on February 21, 1911.[1][2]

Throughout the early 20th century, the influence of the United States in Nicaragua was significant, with military presences and involvement in Nicaraguan politics. Instances like the refusal to recognize governments assuming power by force, such as that of General Emiliano Chamorro Vargas in the 1920s, demonstrated the US policy stance regarding legitimacy and authority in the region.[1][2]

On March 27, 1943, the Legation in Managua was elevated to an Embassy, with the first Ambassador, James B. Stewart, appointed. Relations again soured post-World War II, particularly evidenced by the US non-recognition of Anastasio Somoza García's regime in 1947 following another coup. However, in 1948, the United States reaffirmed its diplomatic mission by appointing a new Ambassador, George P. Shaw.[1][2]

One of the most notable diplomatic crises occurred in July 1988 when the Sandinista government expelled US Ambassador Richard Melton and several embassy staff, prompting reciprocal actions by the United States.[3] According to The New York Times, following Melton's expulsion, only personnel with "rudimentary Spanish" was left behind, complicating contacts between the embassy and opposition figures.[4] During this time, the 40 members of the embassy were routinely followed around by Nicaraguan policemen, and, according to US officials, frequently stopped and harassed.[4] A visa freeze for new US diplomats in Nicaragua was put in place from July 1988 to January 21, 1989, when US President George H. W. Bush was inaugurated. [5]

In December 1989, in the aftermath of the United States invasion of Panama, the US embassy in Managua was encircled by Sandinista troops and T-55 tanks, in response to the United States doing the same to the Nicaraguan embassy in Panama.[6] Despite the military buildup, the personnel of the US Embassy in Managua kept working as usual, with tensions cooling down the following day, when both Nicaragua and the United States reduced their military presence around each other's embassies in Managua and Panama City.[7]

By June 21, 1990, with the presentation of credentials by Ambassador Harry W. Shlaudeman, diplomatic relations on the ambassadorial level resumed.[1][2]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Policy History". ni.usembassy.gov. April 8, 2022. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Nicaragua". history.state.gov. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  3. ^ "U.S. Expels Nicaragua's Ambassador and 7 Others". Los Angeles Times. July 13, 1988. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
  4. ^ a b Uhlig, Mark A. (February 12, 1989). "For Embassy in Managua, Isolation". The New York Times. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
  5. ^ Uhlig, Mark A. (January 21, 1989). "Nicaragua, to Improve Relations, Lifts Visa Freeze on U.S. Envoys".
  6. ^ "Sandinista troops surround U.S. Embassy - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
  7. ^ "U.S.-NICARAGUA TENSIONS EASE". Deseret News. December 22, 1989. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
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