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Mastani

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Mastani
Maharani
An art impression of Mastani
A portrait of Mastani (dated 18th century)
Born29 August 1699
Mausahaniya, Agra Subah, Mughal Empire
(modern-day Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India)
Died28 May 1740(1740-05-28) (aged 40)
Pabal, Pune, Maratha Confederacy
(modern-day Maharashtra, India)
Burial
Pabal, Maharashtra, India
Spouse
​
(m. 1728)​
IssueShamsher Bahadur I
HouseBundela (by birth)
Bhat (by marriage)
FatherChhatrasal
MotherRuhaani Bai Begum
ReligionShia Islam, Hindu (Pranami Sampradaya)

Mastani (29 August 1699 – 28 April 1740) was the daughter of Chhatrasal and Ruhani Bai Begum. She was the second wife of the Maratha Peshwa (Prime Minister) Baji Rao I. Her relationship within the Maratha Brahmin family has been subject of both admiration and controversy[1][2] and well adapted in Indian novels and cinema.[3][4][5] [6][7]

Biography

Early life

Mastani was born to Chhatrasal, and his Persian Mistress Ruhaani Bai.[8][9] Her father was the founder of the Panna State.[10]

She and her father were followers of the Pranami Sampradaya, a Hindu sect based on the Bhakti worship of Sri Krishna, but as her mother was Shia, she was also a follower of Islam.[7]

Marriage with Bajirao I

"Mastani bai" as depicted in A history of the Maratha People
Main article: Bajirao I
Painting of Bajirao and Mastani

In 1728, Nawab Muhammad Khan Bangash invaded Chhatrasal's kingdom, defeated him and besieged his capital. Chhatrasal secretly wrote to Bajirao requesting his help. But being occupied in a military campaign in Malwa Bajirao did not respond until 1729 when he marched on towards Bundelkhand. Ultimately Bajirao defeated Bangash after reaching Jaitpur near Kulpahar in present Uttar Pradesh.[2]

In gratitude, Chhatrasal gave Bajirao the hand of his daughter Mastani, dominion over Jhansi, Sagar and Kalpi - amounting to a third of his kingdom. After his marriage to Mastani, he also gifted Bajirao with 33 lakh gold coins and a gold mine.[6][11] At the time, Bajirao was already married and monogamous by both nature and family tradition. He, however, accepted out of regard for Chhatrasal.[1]

Back in Pune, the marriage was not generally accepted because of the tradition of monogamy. Mastani lived for some time with Bajirao at his palace of Shaniwar Wada in the city of Pune. The palace's north-east corner held Mastani Mahal and had its own external doorway called Mastani Darwaza. Bajirao later built a separate residence for Mastani at Kothrud in 1734,[12] some distance away from Shaniwar Wada. The site still exists at the Mrutyunjay temple on Karve road. The palace at Kothrud was dismantled and parts of this are displayed at a special section of Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum.[13][12]

Shamsher Bahadur

Mastani bore a son who was named Krishna Rao at birth, within a few months of Bajirao's first wife Kashibai delivering a son. The boy was eventually named Shamsher Bahadur I.

After the closely following deaths of Bajirao and Mastani in 1740, Kashibai took the 6 year-old Shamsher Bahadur under her care and raised him as one of her own. Shamsher was bestowed upon a portion of his father’s dominion of Banda and Kalpi. In 1761, he and his army contingent fought alongside the Peshwa in the Third Battle of Panipat between the Marathas and Afghans. He was wounded in that battle and died a few days later at Deeg.[14]

Death

Mastani died in 1740, shortly after Bajirao's death. Her cause of death is unknown. According to some, say she died of a shock after perceiving her husband's death. But, many believe that she committed suicide after she heard of Bajirao's death by consuming poison. Mastani was buried in the village of Pabal. Her grave is called both Mastani's samadhi and Mastani's mazar.[11][15]

Descendants

Shamsher Bahadur's son Ali Bahadur I was given the Rajputana provinces that came in Mastani's dowry - Jhansi, Sagar and Kalpi. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 his son Nawab Ali Bahadur II responded to a rakhi from Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi and fought against the British.[16][17] Ali Bahadur (Krishna Singh) established his authority over large parts of Bundelkhand and became the Nawab of Banda. The descendant of Shamsher Bahadur continued their allegiance to baihi bai fought the English in the Anglo-Maratha War of 1803. His descendants were known as Nawabs of Banda. But after the defeat of Ali Bahadur, the British abolished the Banda state.

A painting depicting Mastani at display in Aina Mahal in Bhuj.

Literature

Films

Television

References

  1. ^ a b Mehta, J. L. (2005). Advanced study in the history of modern India, 1707-1813. Slough: New Dawn Press, Inc. p. 124. ISBN 9781932705546.
  2. ^ a b G.S.Chhabra (1 January 2005). Advance Study in the History of Modern India (Volume-1: 1707-1803). Lotus Press. pp. 19–28. ISBN 978-81-89093-06-8.
  3. ^ "Peshwa Bajirao Review: Anuja Sathe shines as Radhabai in the period drama", India Today, 25 January 2017
  4. ^ Jha, Subhash K (19 October 2015). "Bajirao Mastani review: This gloriously epic Priyanka, Deepika and Ranveer-starrer is the best film of 2015". Firstpost. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  5. ^ Inamdar, N. S. (20 October 2016). Rau – The Great Love Story of Bajirao Mastani. Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-5098-5227-7.
  6. ^ a b Chopra, Kusum. Mastani. Rupa Publications. ISBN 9788129133304.
  7. ^ a b "How Bajirao and Mastani became a byword for doomed romance".
  8. ^ Desk, India TV News (20 November 2015). "How Bajirao's Mastani united Hindus and Muslims after her death | India News – India TV". www.indiatvnews.com. Retrieved 28 January 2021. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  9. ^ Jaswant Lal Mehta (1 January 2005). Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-932705-54-6. Of his own sweet will The Rajput king bestowed a large number of Personal Jagir to Bajirao near Jhansi and further offer hand of her daughter Mastani born from his Muslim Concubine
  10. ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 187–188. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  11. ^ a b "How Bajirao's Mastani united Hindus and Muslims after her death". Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  12. ^ a b Rajakelkar Museum Archived 8 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine accessed 3 March 2008
  13. ^ Tribure India accessed 3 March 2008
  14. ^ Burn, Sir Richard (1964). The Cambridge History of India. CUP Archive.
  15. ^ Mishra, Garima (20 November 2015). "Grave of Mastani: Hindus call it samadhi :), Muslims mazaar". Indian Express. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  16. ^ "The Mastani Mystery - Ahmedabad Mirror". Ahmedabad Mirror. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  17. ^ "नवाब बांदा को राखी भेजकर रानी लक्ष्मीबाई ने मांगी थी मदद- Amarujala". Amar Ujala. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  18. ^ Inamdar, N. S. (20 October 2016). Rau - The Great Love Story of Bajirao Mastani. Pan Macmillan. ISBN 9781509852277.
  19. ^ Mastani at IMDb
  20. ^ "ETV website". Etv.co.in. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2013.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mastani.
  • Anne Feldhaus. Images of Women in Maharashtrian Society. Albany: SUNY Press (1998), p. 70.
  • Stewart Gordon. The New Cambridge History of India; vol. 2, part 4: The Marathas 1600-1818. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1993),p. 130.
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