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Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
AbbreviationI.N.D.I.A.
ChairmanMallikarjun Kharge[1]
FounderNitish Kumar
Founded18 July 2023; 17 months ago (2023-07-18)
Preceded byUnited Progressive Alliance
Political positionBig tent[a]
Colours    (Official)
  (Alternative)
Alliance29 Parties
Seats in Lok Sabha
142 / 543
Seats in Rajya Sabha
98 / 245
Seats in State Legislative Assemblies
1,637 / 4,036
Seats in State Legislative Councils
120 / 423
Number of states and union territories in government
10 / 31

The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (I.N.D.I.A; IAST: Bhāratīya Rāṣhṭrīya Vikāsātmaka Samāveśhī Gaṭhabandhan) is a big tent political alliance of 28 political parties in India led by the Indian National Congress.[2] The primary objective of the alliance is to defeat the ruling National Democratic Alliance government led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in the 2024 Indian general elections.[3]

Etymology

The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance, commonly known by its backronym I.N.D.I.A.,[7] is an opposition front announced by the leaders of 28 parties to contest the 2024 Lok Sabha elections. The name was proposed during a meeting in Bengaluru and was unanimously adopted by the 28 participating parties. While some sources attribute the suggestion of the name to Rahul Gandhi, the leader of the Indian National Congress (INC),[8] others mention that it was suggested by Mamata Banerjee, the Trinamool Congress (TMC) supremo and chief minister of West Bengal.[9]

History

1st Meeting: Patna, Bihar: Coordination for unity

The first Opposition parties' meeting, held in Patna, Bihar, was chaired by Chief Minister of Bihar Nitish Kumar on 23 June 2023, when the proposal for a new alliance was put on the table. The meet was attended by 16 Opposition parties.[10]

2nd Meeting: Bengaluru, Karnataka: Formal formation

The second Opposition parties' meeting, was held in Bengaluru, Karnataka on 17 & 18 July 2023. It was chaired by UPA chairperson Sonia Gandhi when the proposal for an alliance was accepted and ten more parties were added to the list. The alliance's name was finalized and given the name Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance. At this meeting, it was announced that the third meeting will be held in the city of Mumbai.[11]

3rd Meeting: Mumbai, Maharashtra: Preliminary plans

The third Opposition parties' meeting was held in Mumbai, Maharashtra from 31 August to 1 September 2023. The meeting was hosted by Shiv Sena (UBT) president, Uddhav Thackeray and saw Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi, and chief ministers of 5 states in attendance. Over the two-day deliberations, the alliance discussed major electoral issues for the upcoming general elections, carved out the coordination committee, and passed a three point resolution to fight 2024 Indian general elections together 'as far as possible'.[12][13]

4th Meeting: New Delhi, Delhi: Seat sharing and Joint Rallies

The fourth Opposition parties' meeting was held in New Delhi, Delhi on 19 December 2023. The meeting was primarily held to discuss seat-sharing, joint rallies, and the prime ministerial face and/or convenor of the alliance. The alliance adopted a resolution to ensure maximum use of VVPATs in upcoming elections. “To enhance confidence in elections, VVPAT slips should be directly given to voters to self-verify and place in a separate box, instead of them falling into the main box. Eventually, all VVPAT slips must be 100% counted, ensuring truly free and fair elections,” read the resolution passed by the alliance at the meeting. Seat sharing was also to be done by either December 31 or mid-January. It was also decided that protests will be held across the country on December 22 against the suspensions of opposition MPs in the Indian Parliament. Some leaders said that the alliance would hold a grand joint rally at Patna on January 30, the death anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, although this was not officially announced.[14]

5th Meeting: Virtual: Chairperson selection & Seat-sharing talks

The alliance held its 5th meeting virtually with some leaders not attending.[15] Following the meeting, the Indian National Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge was declared the alliance chairperson.[1] Members also had discussions about seat sharing.[16] The chief minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar was offered the post of national convenor of the alliance which he declined.[17]

Campaign

The bloc held its first event together on 22 December 2023, when nationwide protests were launched against the suspensions of opposition MPs in the Indian Parliament. Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge, party leader Rahul Gandhi, NCP president Sharad Pawar, CPI(M) leader Sitaram Yechury and other leaders held protests against the suspensions of MPs under the banner "Save Democracy" at Jantar Mantar, New Delhi.[18][19]

Organisational Structure

Party Coordination Committee and Election Strategy Committee Campaign Committee Working Group for Media Working Group for Social Media Working Group for Research
Indian National Congress K. C. Venugopal Gurdeep Singh Sappal Jairam Ramesh
Pawan Khera 		Supriya Srinate Amitabh Dubey
Communist Party of India (Marxist) TBD Arun Kumar Pranjal Pranjal  –
Aam Aadmi Party Raghav Chadha Sanjay Singh Raghav Chadha Raghav Chadha Jasmine Shah
All India Trinamool Congress Abhishek Banerjee TBD TBD TBD TBD
Janata Dal (United) Lalan Singh Sanjay Jha Rajiv Ranjan  – K. C. Tyagi
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam T R Baalu Tiruchi Siva Kanimozhi Karunanidhi Dayanidhi Maran A Raja
Nationalist Congress Party Sharad Pawar P C Chako Jitendra Ahwad  – Vandana Chavan
Rashtriya Janata Dal Tejashwi Yadav Sanjay Yadav Manoj Jha Sumit Sharma Prof. Subodh Mehta
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Hemant Soren Champai Soren Supriyo Bhattacharya
Alok Kumar 		Avindani Sudivya Kumar Sonu
Samajwadi Party Javed Ali Khan Kiranmoy Nanda Ashish Yadav
Rajeev Nigam 		Ashish Yadav Alok Ranjan
Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) Sanjay Raut Anil Desai Arvind Sawant  – Priyanka Chaturvedi
Communist Party of India D. Raja Binoy Viswam Bhalchandran Kango Bhalchandran Kango  –
All India Forward Bloc  – G. Devarajan Naren Chatterjee  –  –
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation  – Ravi Rai Sucheta Di V Arun Kumar  –
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Omar Abdullah Hasnain Masoodi Tanvir Sadiq Ifra Ja Imran Nabi Dar
Indian Union Muslim League  – K. M. Kader Mohideen  –  –  –
Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party Mehbooba Mufti Dr Mehboob Beg Mohit Bhan Iltija Mehbooba Ad. Aditya
Kerala Congress (M)  – Jose K. Mani  –  –  –
Rashtriya Lok Dal  – Shahid Siddiqui Prashant Kanojia Rohit Jhakhad  –
Revolutionary Socialist Party  – N. K. Premachandran  –  –  –
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi  – Thirumavalavan  –  –  –

Member parties

Main article: List of Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance members

The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance comprises a diverse range of political parties from across India. The 27 member parties of the alliance are:[20]

Party Political Position Leader Logo/Flag
Indian National Congress Centre Mallikarjun Kharge
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Centre-left

M. K. Stalin

All India Trinamool Congress Centre to centre-left Mamata Banerjee
Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) Centre-right Uddhav Thackeray
Nationalist Congress Party Centre Sharad Pawar
Communist Party of India (Marxist) Left-wing Sitaram Yechury
Samajwadi Party Left-wing File:Akhilesh Yadav CMO.jpg Akhilesh Yadav
Indian Union Muslim League Centre-right

K. M. Kader Mohideen

Jammu and Kashmir National Conference Farooq Abdullah
Communist Party of India Left-wing Doraisamy Raja
Aam Aadmi Party Centre

Arvind Kejriwal

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

Hemant Soren

Kerala Congress (M)

Jose K. Mani

Revolutionary Socialist Party Far-left Manoj Bhattacharya
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi Syncretic

Thol. Thirumavalavan

Rashtriya Janata Dal Centre-left

Lalu Prasad Yadav

Rashtriya Lok Dal File:Chaudhary Jayant Singh.jpg

Jayant Singh

Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Centre-left

Vaiko

Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation Far-left File:Dipankar Bhattacharya in 2021.jpg

Dipankar Bhattacharya

Kerala Congress

P. J. Joseph

Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)

Krishna Patel

All India Forward Bloc Left-wing G. Devarajan
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party

Mehbooba Mufti

File:J&K People's Democratic Party.jpg
Manithaneya Makkal Katchi M. H. Jawahirullah
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi

E. R. Eswaran

Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi Prakash Ambedkar
Peasants and Workers Party of India Left-wing Jayant Prabhakar Patil

Ideology and objectives

According to the Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge, the alliance's ideology revolves around the principles of developmentalism, inclusivity, and social justice. By combining their efforts, the member parties aim to protect democratic values, promote welfare and progress, and counter what they perceive as an ideology that threatens the idea of India.[21] It was formed with the objective of defeating the incumbent BJP led NDA in the 2024 Indian general election.

Resolution

The alliance passed a three point resolution in its Mumbai meeting on 1 September 2023 to collectively contest 2024 Indian General elections.[22]

  • We, the INDIA parties, hereby resolve to contest the forthcoming Lok Sabha elections together as far as possible. Seat-sharing arrangements in different states will be initiated immediately and concluded at the earliest in a collaborative spirit of give-and-take.
  • We, the INDIA parties, hereby resolve to organize public rallies at the earliest in different parts of the country on issues of public concern and importance.
  • We, the INDIA parties, hereby resolve to coordinate our respective communications and media strategies and campaigns with the theme Judega BHARAT, Jeetega INDIA in different languages.

2024 elections

West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee announced on 24 January 2024 that the Trinamool Congress (TMC) party would run alone in the state's forthcoming general elections, dealing a serious blow to the INDIA alliance before the Lok Sabha polls.[23][24]

Also, despite past fluctuations in their relationship, the Congress and AAP have officially split in Punjab, with Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann asserting that AAP has no connection with the Congress in the state, while negotiations for seat sharing in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections are ongoing.[25]

Member parties

This section is transcluded from List of Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates for the 2024 Indian general election. (edit | history)
INDIA parties seat sharing
Seat sharing under INDIA bloc[26][27][28][29]
Party States/UTs Seats contested Seats Won
Indian National Congress Karnataka 28 326 9 99
Madhya Pradesh 27 0
Andhra Pradesh 23 0
Gujarat 23 1
Rajasthan 22 8
Odisha 20 1
Maharashtra 17 13
Telangana 17 8
Uttar Pradesh 17 6
Kerala 16 14
Assam 13 3
Punjab 13 7
West Bengal 12 1
Chhattisgarh 11 1
Bihar 9 3
Haryana 9 5
Tamil Nadu 9 9
Jharkhand 7 2
Uttarakhand 5 0
Himachal Pradesh 4 0
Delhi 3 0
Arunachal Pradesh 2 0
Dadra Nagar Haveli and Daman Diu 2 0
Goa 2 1
Jammu and Kashmir 2 0
Manipur 2 2
Meghalaya 2 1
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1 0
Chandigarh 1 1
Ladakh 1 0
Lakshadweep 1 1
Mizoram 1 0
Nagaland 1 1
Puducherry 1 1
Sikkim 1 0
Tripura 1 0
Samajwadi Party Uttar Pradesh 62 37
Communist Party of India (Marxist) West Bengal 23 29 0 3
Tamil Nadu 2 2
Andhra Pradesh 1 0
Bihar 1 0
Rajasthan 1 1
Tripura 1 0
Rashtriya Janata Dal Bihar 23 24 4 4
Jharkhand 1 0
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 21 22 21 22
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi 1 1
Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) Maharashtra 21 9
Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar) Maharashtra 10 8
Aam Aadmi Party Delhi 4 7 0
Gujarat 2
Haryana 1
Communist Party of India Tamil Nadu 2 6 2 2
West Bengal 2 0
Andhra Pradesh 1 0
Bihar 1 0
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Jharkhand 5 6 3 3
Odisha 1 0
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation Bihar 3 4 2 2
Jharkhand 1 0
Revolutionary Socialist Party West Bengal 3 4 0 1
Kerala 1 1
All India Forward Bloc West Bengal 2 3 0
Madhya Pradesh 1
Indian Union Muslim League Kerala 2 3 2 3
Tamil Nadu 1 1
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Jammu and Kashmir 3 2
Vikassheel Insaan Party Bihar 3 0
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi Tamil Nadu 2 2
All India Trinamool Congress Uttar Pradesh 1 0
Assam Jatiya Parishad Assam 1 0
Bharat Adivasi Party Rajasthan 1 1
Kerala Congress Kerala 1 1
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 1 1
Rashtriya Loktantrik Party Rajasthan 1 1
Total 541 201
INDIA parties under regional coalition/outside the alliance
Seats contested by INDIA parties outside the alliance
Parties States/UTs Seats contested Seats Won
All India Trinamool Congress West Bengal 42 47 29 29
Assam 4 0
Meghalaya 1 0
All India Forward Bloc Maharashtra 8 29 0
Andhra Pradesh 5
Uttar Pradesh 5
Telangana 3
Bihar 2
Delhi 2
Jammu and Kashmir 2
Odisha 1
West Bengal 1
Communist Party of India Uttar Pradesh 6 24 0
Jharkhand 4
Kerala 4
Madhya Pradesh 3
Punjab 3
Assam 1
Chhattisgarh 1
Maharashtra 1
Odisha 1
Communist Party of India (Marxist) Kerala 15 23 1 1
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1 0
Assam 1
Jharkhand 1
Karnataka 1
Maharashtra 1
Odisha 1
Punjab 1
Telangana 1
Bharat Adivasi Party Madhya Pradesh 5 21 0
Rajasthan 5
Maharashtra 4
Gujarat 2
Jharkhand 2
Andhra Pradesh 1
Chhattisgarh 1
Dadra Nagar Haveli and Daman Diu 1
Aam Aadmi Party Punjab 13 15 3 3
Assam 2 0
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi Telangana 7 11 0
Karnataka 2
Andhra Pradesh 1
Kerala 1
Samajwadi Party Andhra Pradesh 7 9 0
Gujarat 1
Odisha 1
Revolutionary Socialist Party Andhra Pradesh 3 6 0
Punjab 2
Telangana 1
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation Andhra Pradesh 1 3 0
Odisha 1
West Bengal 1
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Jammu and Kashmir 3 0
Indian National Congress West Bengal 1 2 0
Rajasthan 1
Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar) Haryana 1 2 0
Lakshadweep 1
Kerala Congress (M) Kerala 1 0
Total 196 33

Candidates in elections

See also: Candidates for the 2024 Indian general election

See also

Note

  1. ^ Members consist of far-left to centre-right

References

  1. ^ a b "Kharge named INDIA bloc chairperson, Nitish Kumar turns down convener post". Hindustan Times. 13 January 2024. Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  2. ^ "Opposition names alliance INDIA in run-up to 2024 elections". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  3. ^ Hrishikesh, Cherylann Mollan & Sharanya (18 July 2023). "Opposition meeting: 26 Indian parties form alliance to take on PM Modi". BBC News. Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  4. ^ Nair, Sobhana K. (18 July 2023). "Picking the name INDIA for alliance, Opposition parties frame 2024 battle as BJP vs the country". The Hindu. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  5. ^ "PM Modi News Quit INDIA: PM Modi Slams Opposition's INDIA Alliance BJP vs INDIA". News18. 6 August 2023. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  6. ^ Menon, Aditya (18 July 2023). "'INDIA' vs BJP: 5 Big Takeaways From the Opposition and NDA Meetings". TheQuint. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  7. ^ [4][5][6]
  8. ^ Nair, Sobhana K. (18 July 2023). "Picking the name INDIA for alliance, Opposition parties frame 2024 battle as BJP vs the country". The Hindu. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  9. ^ Ghosh, Poulomi (19 July 2023). "'Who gave INDIA name? Who can't arrive at consensus…': BJP's dig 10 points". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  10. ^ "Tenets of unity: On the Opposition meet in Patna". The Hindu. 25 June 2023. Archived from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  11. ^ "Opposition alliance named 'INDIA', 11-member coordination committee to decide on all important issues". The Times of India. 19 July 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  12. ^ "Live Updates: INDIA bloc forms 14-member coordination panel, says seat-sharing formula for 2024 Lok Sabha polls soon". The Indian Express. 1 September 2023. Archived from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  13. ^ "I.N.D.I.A Opposition bloc 2-day meet ends, resolution adopted, coordination committee formed". IndiaTV. 1 September 2023. Archived from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  14. ^ "Decode Politics: 5 takeaways from INDIA meet, from seat sharing pitfalls to PM face row". The Indian Express. 20 December 2023. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  15. ^ "After Mamata, Uddhav skips INDIA bloc's key meeting today; cites pre-scheduled events". The Indian Express. 13 January 2024. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  16. ^ "I.N.D.I.A bloc virtual meeting concludes, talks held on seat-sharing: Sources". India TV. 13 December 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  17. ^ "I.N.D.I.A Alliance Meeting: Nitish Kumar denies the proposal to be the convenor of bloc". ABP News. 13 January 2024. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  18. ^ Desk, DH Web. "India Political Updates: Kharge, Rahul, Sharad Pawar & Yechury join I.N.D.I.A bloc stir". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  19. ^ "Save Democracy: INDIA bloc leaders stage protest against bulk suspension of MPs from Parliament". The Economic Times. 22 December 2023. ISSN 0013-0389. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  20. ^ "The 26 Opposition Parties That Have Formed Mega Alliance For 2024 Polls". NDTV. 22 February 2019. Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  21. ^ "Opposition Alliance Unveils Name "INDIA" – Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance". Akhil Bharat Times News. 18 July 2023. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  22. ^ Chatterji, Saubhadra (1 September 2023). "INDIA vows to fight 2024 polls together, names coordinators". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  23. ^ ""Left Trying To Control INDIA Bloc's Agenda, Won't Accept It": Mamata Banerjee". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  24. ^ "Mamata Banerjee raises concern over Left's control in INDIA bloc". Moneycontrol. 23 January 2024. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  25. ^ "'INDIA bloc has two detractors…' TMC on why alliance is not working". Livemint. 25 January 2024. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  26. ^ "Samajwadi Party, Congress finalise seat-sharing in UP. Check details". India TV. 21 February 2024. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  27. ^ "Lok Sabha elections: Congress releases first list of 39 candidates, Rahul Gandhi to contest from Wayanad". The Times of India. 8 March 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  28. ^ "Lok Sabha elections: Congress releases 2nd list of 43 candidates". The Times of India. 13 March 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  29. ^ "Congress Releases Third List of 56 Candidates for Lok Sabha Elections". The Hindu. 21 March 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
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