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Boris Nadezhdin

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In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Borisovich and the family name is Nadezhdin.
Boris Nadezhdin
Борис Надеждин
Nadezhdin signing a document
Nadezhdin in 2017
Member of the Dolgoprudny Council of Deputies
Incumbent
Assumed office
25 September 2019
Parliamentary groupA Just Russia[a]
In office
February 1990 – 1997[citation needed]
Member of the State Duma
In office
19 December 1999 – 29 December 2003
Parliamentary groupUnion of Right Forces
Personal details
Born
Boris Borisovich Nadezhdin

(1963-04-26) 26 April 1963 (age 61)
Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union (now Uzbekistan)
Political partyCivic Initiative (2023–present)
Other political
affiliations		Independent (1991–1995, 1995–1999, 2011–2023)
Democratic Reform Movement (1991)
Union of Right Forces (1999–2008)
Right Cause (2008–2011)
SpouseNatalia
Children4
EducationMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1985)
Moscow State Law University (1993)
OccupationPolitician, mathematician

Boris Borisovich Nadezhdin (Template:Lang-ru; born 26 April 1963) is a Russian opposition politician.[2] He served in the State Duma from 1999 to 2003.[3] He was also a municipal councillor in Moscow and was considered to be a close ally of murdered opposition politician Boris Nemtsov.[4]

In November 2023, Nadezhdin announced his candidacy in the 2024 Russian presidential election.[5] He was subsequently barred from running in the election by the Central Election Commission, which claimed to have found "irregularities" in signatures supporting his candidacy.[6]

Early and personal life

Nadezhdin was born in Tashkent, Soviet Uzbekistan.[7] He survived the Tashkent earthquake, which occurred on his third birthday. In 1969, he was brought by his parents to the city of Dolgoprudny where his father studied at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), and his mother was a student at the Moscow Conservatory.[8] For five generations in the Nadezhdin family, all men bore the name Boris. His paternal grandfather was a Soviet Uzbek composer and associate professor at the Tashkent Conservatory[citation needed]. His maternal grandfather fled to Uzbekistan from Ukraine after the October Revolution.[citation needed]

Education

In 1979 he won the second prize at the All-Union Mathematical Olympiad among high school students. That year, he graduated from the Specialized Boarding School No. 18 for Physics and Mathematics at the Lomonosov Moscow State University. In 1985, he graduated with honors from MIPT. From 1985 to 1990, he was an engineer and researcher at the All-Union Research Center for the Study of Surface and Vacuum Properties.[citation needed]

Political career

Nadezhdhin served in the 3rd convocation of the State Duma from 1999 to 2003.[3] He ran in the 2003 Russian legislative election from the 109th Mytishchi district of the Moscow Oblast. He lost the election to the former commander of the Moscow District of Internal Troops, Arkady Baskayev (People's Party of the Russian Federation). The Union of Right Forces party, of which Nadezhdin was a member, also lost the elections. At the same time, elections were held for the Dolgoprudny Council of Deputies, in which the City of Hope bloc, under the patronage of Nadezhdin, also lost.[9]

In August 2005, Nadezhdin was a member of the initiative group for the nomination of the former head of Yukos, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, to the State Duma in the by-elections for the 201st University District of Moscow. The nomination did not take place due to the entry into force of the verdict in the first criminal case against Yukos.[9]

In March 2007, Nadezhdin was a Union of Right Forces candidate in the Moscow Regional Duma elections. According to the results announced by the regional election commission, the party lost the elections. However, Nadezhdin said that, according to his data, the Union of Right Forces had overcome the seven percent barrier:

"The figure of 7.08 percent was posted on the website of the Central Election Commission, and it was even shown on TV, and then the election commission announced that we have 6.9 percent. This difference was simply stolen from us!"

Nadezhdin accused the vice-governor of the Moscow Oblast, Alexei Panteleyev, of fraud (according to Nadezhdin, the results were adjusted in favor of United Russia).[10]

From 6 November 2008 to 2011, Nadezhdin was a member of the Federal Political Council of the Right Cause party.[9][11]

On 3 August 2011, Nadezhdin, as leader of the Moscow Oblast branch of Right Cause, said in an interview: "In the Moscow Oblast branch, we definitely want to deal with the "Russian" question." According to him, he had already held several round tables on this issue with the participation of nationalists, "And that’s why officers and young skinheads are now joining my department en masse."[12] He referred to certain studies, according to which, in the last few years, about 400,000 people from the southern regions of Russia have moved to the Moscow Oblast for permanent residence. Arguing his position, Nadezhdin emphasized that "The Moscow Oblast is Russian land." Party leader Mikhail Prokhorov reacted quite sharply to these statements. Prokhorov wrote on his blog, "We have not included any nationalists in any party lists and will not include them. Right Cause will not deal with any nationalist movements."[13] Some party members proposed expelling Nadezhdin from the party.[14]

In the 2011 Russian legislative election, Nadezhdin refused to enter the top three of the federal election list of Right Cause[15] but headed the party’s list in the elections to the Moscow Oblast Duma.[16]

On 26 December 2011, Nadezhdin left Right Cause, explaining his decision by the desire to create a new right-wing party together with the former head of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Alexei Kudrin.[17]

In February 2012, in the leadup to the 2012 Russian presidential election, Nadezhdin sent an offer to become an authorized representative to the election headquarters of all presidential candidates, including Vladimir Putin.[18][19] Nadezhdin explained this by the desire to be able to appoint observers to polling stations.[20] He failed to become Putin's authorized representative but became Putin's observer.[21] In mid-February 2012, he was registered as an authorized representative of Sergey Mironov.

On 10 December 2015, at a meeting of the liberal platform of the United Russia party, Nadezhdin announced his desire to participate in its 2016 primaries to participate in the State Duma elections in the fall of 2016, running in the 118th Dmitrov single-mandate constituency. This decision caused criticism from his political colleagues in the liberal camp.[9][22] Nadezhdin himself explained his participation in the primaries by his desire to start the election campaign earlier; he had no intention of running for United Russia.[23] He performed unsuccessfully in the primaries, losing to Irina Rodnina.[24]

In the 2016 Russian legislative election, Nadezhdin headed the Moscow Oblast list of the Party of Growth without joining the party itself. On 22 December 2016, in an interview with the Kommersant newspaper, he stated that he wishes the Party of Growth "success and good luck" but does not intend to associate himself with the party since "he does not see any prospects for it."[25]

Nadezhdhin contested the 2018 Moscow Oblast gubernatorial election for the Party of Growth.[26]

In 2019, Nadezhdin headed the list of the A Just Russia party in the elections to the City Council of the city of Dolgoprudny.[27] He was elected as a deputy of the Council of Deputies of the Dolgoprudny urban district of the Moscow Oblast in a multi-member electoral district. He headed the faction of the A Just Russia party in the Council of Deputies but was not a party member.[28]

In March 2020, Nadezhdin signed an appeal to Russian citizens against the adoption of amendments to the Constitution of Russia proposed by President Putin.[29]

In the leadup to the 2021 Russian legislative election at the congress of the A Just Russia party, Nadezhdin was nominated as a candidate for deputy of the State Duma in the Dmitrov single-mandate electoral district No. 118 in the Moscow Oblast.[30] Zakhar Prilepin, co-chairman of A Just Russia – For Truth, expressed dissatisfaction, pointing out that the program ideas of A Just Russia do not correspond to Nadezhdin's liberal beliefs.[31] According to the results, Nadezhdin took 2nd place, receiving 40,421 votes (17.12%), losing to the representative of United Russia, Irina Rodnina.

In April 2022, Nadezhdhin said that the Soviet Union had "occupied Czechoslovakia and Eastern Europe."[32]

In September 2022, as Russia retreated from Ukraine's Kharkiv region, Nadezhdin criticized Russia's intelligence services and called for negotiations to end the conflict on an NTV current affairs show.[33] He criticized Russia's war strategy, stating it was impossible to beat Ukraine using its current methods and materials, calling the strategy "colonial war methods."[34] A few days later, on the Russia-1 channel, Kremlin propagandist Vladimir Solovyov called for Nadezhdin to be arrested.[32]

In January 2023, Nadezhdin suggested the "war was a disastrous mistake" on the NTV current affairs show Mesto Vstrechi.[35] During the last week of March 2023, he was "angrily shouted down" on the same show after he suggested that the West was more powerful than Russia.[36]

In the 2023 Moscow Oblast gubernatorial election, Nadezhdin nominated himself as a candidate for the Civic Initiative party but was denied registration because he could not collect the required number of signatures of municipal deputies in his support.[37] After the denial he stated: "I will not retreat from my intentions. I will appeal the decision of the Central Election Commission at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation." <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-nadezhdin-presidential-election-registration-rejection/32810599.html |title=Russian Anti-War Candidate Nadezhdin Vows To Fight Election Commission's Rejection Of His Registration |language=en |publisher=[[RadioFreeEurope]</ref>

2024 presidential campaign

Nadezhdin 2024 presidential campaign logo

On 27 May 2023, Nadezhdin called for electing a new government in Russia in order to stop the war against Ukraine and build relations with Europe.[4][38]

On 6 October 2023, Nadezhdin's participation in the 2024 presidential election was announced by Dmitry Kisiyev, founder of the Candidates’ Headquarters, on his social media.[39][40] On 31 October 2023, Nadezhdin announced that he will run from the Civic Initiative party.[41]

On 31 January 2024, Boris Nadezhdin brought signatures in support of his candidacy to the Central Election Commission. This is the last day to submit signatures to participants in the elections. According to him, signatures were collected in more than 120 cities, a total of 208 000 signatures were collected, of which 105 000 were brought to the CEC. Before bringing the signatures, he gave a speech in which he thanked everyone who donated money for his presidential campaign and claimed that "never in the history of Russia has there been such a thing that a presidential candidate's campaign was entirely based on donations". There were reports of a concentration of security forces near the CEC building with dozens of police cars and paddy wagons around the building, as well as riot police units with dogs on duty. In addition, journalists noticed problems with mobile connection.[42][43]

In his political program Boris Nadezhdin described himself as "a principled opponent of the current president's policy". Nadezhdin declared the termination of war as a main statement in his election program and wanted to initiate a new peace negotiations with Ukraine and the Western countries.[44][45] His campaign manifesto stated that "special military operation was Putin's error. Because it was not possible to reach its goals without huge impact on Russian economy and demography".[46] Nadezhdin accused Putin of dragging Russia back into the past and expressed concern that Russia is becoming a vassal of China after being cut off from Western countries following the invasion of Ukraine.[47]

In January 2024, citing unidentified sources in the Kremlin, the independent news outlet Vyorstka reported that the CEC, at the behest of the Kremlin, will likely reject Nadezhdin’s registration due to his criticism of Putin and anti-war stances.[48] In late January 2024, a source in the Putin administration told the Latvia-based news outlet Meduza: "There’s a portion of the electorate that wants the war to end. If [Putin’s opponent in the elections] decides to cater to this demand, they may get a decent percentage. And [the Putin administration] doesn’t need that."[49] On 30 January 2024, Kremlin propagandist and television presenter Vladimir Solovyov warned Nadezhdin: "I feel bad for Boris. The fool didn’t realize that he’s not being set up to run for president but for a criminal case on charges of betraying the Motherland."[49]

On 8 February 2024, Nadezhdin was barred from running against President Vladimir Putin in Russia's March presidential election due to alleged "irregularities" in the signatures of voters supporting his candidacy.[6]

Reception

His bid for presidency was supported by many opposition politicians and public figures: Yekaterina Duntsova (who was blocked from running on the ballot by the Central Election Commission[50][51]), Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Ekaterina Schulmann, Yulia Navalnaya (wife of Alexei Navalny), Ilya Varlamov, Lyubov Sobol and many others.[52][53][54][55] There were reports about people lining up outside Boris Nadezhdin’s headquarters in Moscow to support his bid for presidency.[56][57]

Russian independent political analyst and former Kremlin speechwriter Abbas Gallyamov told RFE/RL: "People won't be voting for Nadezhdin…but against Putin, because Putin represents the war."[58]

Public activity

Nadezhdin has been a frequent guest in socio-political talk shows on Russian federal television channels,[59] though he appeared less frequently on federal channels since calling for a change in government when asked unrelated questions.[citation needed]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Faction leader, but not a party member[1][better source needed]

References

  1. ^ https://st.dolgoprudny.com/authorities/board-of-deputies/sostav-i-struktura/sostav-soveta-deputatov-.php Состав Совета депутатов
  2. ^ Service, RFE/RL's Russian. "Anti-War Nadezhdin Collects Enough Signatures To Register As Russian Presidential Candidate". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  3. ^ a b "Russian critic who urged Ukraine talks doesn't fear arrest". Associated Press. 2022-09-13.
  4. ^ a b "Russian State TV Guest Calls for Putin's Removal". Newsweek. 2023-05-27.
  5. ^ Ilyushina, Mary; Abbakumova, Natalia (2024-01-28). "This man wants to run against Putin. Thousands of Russians are helping him". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  6. ^ a b "Russian anti-war candidate Boris Nadezhdin banned from election". The Guardian. 8 February 2024.
  7. ^ "NADEZHDIN Boris, photo, biography". persona.rin.ru.
  8. ^ Дикие кошки Бориса Надеждина. Archived 2019-06-26 at the Wayback Machine Официальный сайт газеты «Аргументы и факты» // aif.ru (2 августа 2002 года)
  9. ^ a b c d Goryashko, Sergei (2015-12-10). "Борис Надеждин объединороссился — Бывший член руководства СПС идёт на праймериз "Единой России"" [Boris Nadezhdin united with Russia – Former member of the leadership of the Union of Right Forces goes to the primaries of "United Russia"] (in Russian). Kommersant. Archived from the original on 2021-02-19.
  10. ^ "Судебный тур выборов. — Итоги голосования попали под следствие" [Judicial round of elections. — The voting results came under investigation] (in Russian). Kommersant. 2007-03-17. Archived from the original on 2016-04-21.
  11. ^ "Съезд партии "Правое дело" утвердил состав федерального политсовета" [The congress of the Right Cause party approved the composition of the federal political council]. rbc.ru (in Russian). RBK Group. 2008-11-16. Archived from the original on 2009-03-07.
  12. ^ ""Правое дело" начинает эксперименты с национализмом" [Right Cause begins experiments with nationalism] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2021-08-26. Retrieved 2021-08-26.
  13. ^ "Идеологические дискуссии в рядах партии "Правое дело"" [Ideological discussions in the ranks of the Right Cause party] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2021-08-26. Retrieved 2021-08-26.
  14. ^ "Надеждина накажут из-за "русского" пункта" [Nadezhdin will be punished because of the “Russian” clause] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2021-08-26. Retrieved 2021-08-26.
  15. ^ Tirmaste, Maria-Louise (2011-11-21). "Андрей Богданов прибрал Кубок Кремля. — Список "Правого дела" украсили Анной Чакветадзе" [Andrey Bogdanov cleaned up the Kremlin Cup. — The “Right Cause” list was decorated with Anna Chakvetadze] (in Russian). Kommersant. Archived from the original on 2020-10-24.
  16. ^ Ivanov, Maxim (2011-10-01). ""Правому делу" все сгодились. — У Центризбиркома не нашлось претензий к списку партии" [“The Right Cause” was all right. — The Central Election Commission had no complaints about the party list] (in Russian). Kommersant. Archived from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  17. ^ "Переговорщик. — Алексей Кудрин готов помочь власти и обществу понять друг друга" [Negotiator. — Alexey Kudrin is ready to help the authorities and society understand each other] (in Russian). Kommersant. 2011-12-26. Archived from the original on 2021-05-11.
  18. ^ Tropkina, Olga (2012-02-15). "Борис Надеждин проводит эксперимент над кандидатами" [Boris Nadezhdin conducts an experiment on candidates]. Izvestia.
  19. ^ Б. Б. Надеждин. Nadezhdin, Boris (2012-02-06). ""За базар ответит?" — Официальное предложение в штаб кандидата в президенты России Путина В. В." [“Will he be responsible for the market?” — Official proposal to the headquarters of Russian presidential candidate V.V. Putin.]. echo.msk.ru (in Russian). Echo of Moscow. Archived from the original on 2016-03-13.
  20. ^ Nat (2023-10-16). "Интервью с Борисом Надеждиным о его планах участвовать в президентских выборах: "Если вы занимаетесь политикой — вы должны взаимодействовать с властью"" [Interview with Boris Nadezhdin about his plans to participate in the presidential elections: “If you are involved in politics, you must interact with the authorities”]. Sota Vision (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  21. ^ Константин Новиков. Novikov, Konstantin (2012-02-09). "Наблюдать и публиковать. — Штаб Владимира Путина собирает всех желающих контролировать выборы" [Observe and publish. — Vladimir Putin’s headquarters gathers everyone who wants to control the elections]. rg.ru (in Russian). Rossiyskaya Gazeta. Archived from the original on 2016-03-12.
  22. ^ Остап Жуков. Zhukov, Ostap (2016-04-24). "Надеждин объяснил Яшину, почему больше не хочет "валить Путина". — Ранее Яшин раскритиковал бывшего депутата от СПС за участие в праймериз "Единой России"" [Nadezhdin explained to Yashin why he no longer wanted to "take down Putin." — Earlier, Yashin criticized the former deputy from the Union of Right Forces for participating in the primaries of United Russia.]. mk.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2019-12-23.
  23. ^ ""Это я не радикальный?!". Интервью политика Бориса Надеждина, который первым объявил о своих планах баллотироваться в президенты России" [“Am I not radical?!” Interview with politician Boris Nadezhdin, who was the first to announce his plans to run for president of Russia]. Novaya Gazeta Europe (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  24. ^ Khetagurova, Elina (2016-05-23). "Главные неудачники праймериз "Единой России"" [The main losers of the United Russia primaries] (in Russian). life.ru.
  25. ^ Grobman, Yekaterina; Khamrayev, Viktor (2016-12-22). "Партия роста отмежевалась от "лидеров прошлого". — Борис Титов разочаровался в Ирине Хакамаде и Борисе Надеждине" [The Party of Growth distanced itself from the “leaders of the past.” — Boris Titov was disappointed in Irina Khakamada and Boris Nadezhdin] (in Russian). Kommersant. Archived from the original on 2020-03-31.
  26. ^ Сведения о кандидатах
  27. ^ "Московская область: СР выдвинула кандидатов на предстоящие муниципальные выборы" [Moscow region: A Just Russia has nominated candidates for the upcoming municipal elections] (in Russian). A Just Russia. 2019-07-13. Archived from the original on 2020-09-22. Retrieved 2021-02-11.
  28. ^ "Состав Совета депутатов" [Composition of the Council of Deputies]. st.dolgoprudny.com (in Russian). Official website of the administration of the city of Dolgoprudny, Moscow region.
  29. ^ "Не допустить конституционный кризис и антиконституционный переворот. Обращение учёных, писателей и журналистов к гражданам России" [To prevent a constitutional crisis and an anti-constitutional coup. Appeal from scientists, writers and journalists to Russian citizens]. echo.msk.ru (in Russian). Echo of Moscow. 2020-03-15. Archived from the original on 2020-04-26.
  30. ^ "Запашный, Гордон и Надеждин пойдут на выборы в Госдуму одномандатниками от справороссов" [Zapashny, Gordon and Nadezhdin will run in the State Duma elections as single-mandate representatives of the Right Russia party] (in Russian). TASS. 2021-06-26. Archived from the original on 2021-07-02.
  31. ^ "Захару Прилепину не нравится выдвижение от СРЗП Бориса Надеждина" [Zakhar Prilepin does not like the nomination from SRZP Boris Nadezhdin] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2021-07-01. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
  32. ^ a b "Putin is facing pressure from Russia's hawkish nationalists who want all-out war in Ukraine". Business Insider. 17 September 2022.
  33. ^ "Russian critic who urged Ukraine talks doesn't fear arrest". ABC News. 2022-09-13. Archived from the original on 2022-09-15.
  34. ^ Kaonga, Gerrard (September 12, 2022). "Russian state TV pundit says 'impossible' to beat Ukraine, calls for peace". Newsweek.
  35. ^ COLE, BRENDAN (19 January 2023). "Russian State TV Guest Admits War Was a 'Disastrous Mistake' BY". NEWSWEEK DIGITAL LLC.
  36. ^ VAN BRUGEN, ISABEL (29 March 2023). "Russian TV Guest Angrily Shut Down After Arguing West Is More Powerful". NEWSWEEK DIGITAL LLC.
  37. ^ "Трудности перебора" [Searching difficulties] (in Russian). Kommersant. Archived from the original on 2023-07-21.
  38. ^ Pujadas, David (30 May 2023). "Stupeur à la TV russe : L'appel de Nadezhdin à remplacer Poutine". LCI. YouTube.
  39. ^ "Дмитрий Кисиев". Telegram. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  40. ^ "В РФ появился первый кандидат на пост президента". ura.news (in Russian). 2023-10-31. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
  41. ^ "Бориса Надеждина выдвинет на выборы партия "Гражданская инициатива"". vedomosti.ru (in Russian). 2023-10-31. Retrieved 2023-11-14.
  42. ^ "Борис Надеждин сдал в ЦИК 105 тысяч подписей". Настоящее Время (in Russian). 2024-01-31. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  43. ^ "«Диктатуры не вечны. И диктаторы». Борис Надеждин выступил с заявлением после того, как сдал в ЦИК подписи для выдвижения в президенты". Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  44. ^ Кандидатов, Штаб. "Манифест Бориса Надеждина | Надеждин 2024". nadezhdin2024.ru. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  45. ^ "У штабов Бориса Надеждина — очереди людей, которые хотят поставить подпись за его выдвижение в президенты России Надеждин против войны. С призывом помочь ему выступили соратники Навального и другие оппозиционеры". Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  46. ^ "Почёму я иду на выборы президента". nadezhdin2024.ru, official site of the campaign.
  47. ^ "The Antiwar Candidate Prepared to Challenge Putin at the Ballot Box". The Wall Street Journal. 17 January 2024.
  48. ^ "'Hope for Change' or 'Kremlin Spoiler': Who Is Boris Nadezhdin, the Presidential Hopeful Uniting Pro-Peace Russians?". The Moscow Times. 25 January 2024.
  49. ^ a b "Kremlin propagandists finally acknowledge anti-war presidential hopeful Boris Nadezhdin, and — surprise! — they say Kyiv and Russia's exiled opposition are controlling him". Meduza. 2 February 2024.
  50. ^ "Yekaterina Duntsova barred from running against Putin in election". Reuters. 2023-12-23. Retrieved 2023-12-23.
  51. ^ "Russia bars ex-journalist Duntsova from running in presidential election". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  52. ^ "Оппозиционные политики призвали поддержать выдвижение Надеждина". Радио Свобода (in Russian). 2024-01-22. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  53. ^ "Юрий Шевчук записал видео в поддержку Бориса Надеждина". Радио «Свобода» (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  54. ^ "«Безопасное политическое действие». Почему выстроились очереди подписывающихся за участие Бориса Надеждина в выборах президента России". BBC News Русская служба (in Russian). 2024-01-22. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  55. ^ "Юлия Навальная поставила подпись за выдвижение Бориса Надеждина в президенты России". Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  56. ^ "The anti-war candidate channelling Russians' discontent with Putin". www.ft.com. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  57. ^ "Russians queue to register election candidate opposed to Ukraine offensive". France 24. 2024-01-23. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  58. ^ "Russian Anti-War Candidacy Bid An Unexpected Obstacle In Kremlin's Effort To Smoothly Reinstall Putin". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 30 January 2024.
  59. ^ "Владимир Кара-Мурза-ст.: "Норкин ненавидел Белову"" [Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr.: “Norkin hated Belova”]. Sobesednik (in Russian). 2016-03-12. Archived from the original on 2018-02-24. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
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