Tom Suozzi
Tom Suozzi | |
---|---|
Preceded by | George Santos |
In office January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2023 | |
Preceded by | Steve Israel |
Succeeded by | George Santos |
7th County Executive of Nassau County | |
In office January 1, 2002 – December 30, 2009 | |
Preceded by | Thomas Gulotta |
Succeeded by | Ed Mangano |
Mayor of Glen Cove | |
In office January 1, 1994 – December 31, 2001 | |
Preceded by | Donald DeRiggi |
Succeeded by | Mary Ann Holzkamp |
Personal details | |
Born | Thomas Richard Suozzi August 31, 1962 Glen Cove, New York, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse |
Helene Wrotniak (m. 1993) |
Children | 3 |
Parent |
|
Education | Boston College (BA) Fordham University (JD) |
Signature | |
Website | Campaign website |
Thomas Richard Suozzi[1] (/ˈswɒzi/ SWOZ-zee; born August 31, 1962) is an American politician, attorney, and accountant who served as the U.S. representative for New York's 3rd congressional district from 2017 to 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the county executive of Nassau County, New York from 2002 to 2009, when he was unseated by Ed Mangano, a Republican. He had previously served eight years as the mayor of Glen Cove.
In 2006, Suozzi ran unsuccessfully against Eliot Spitzer for the Democratic nomination for governor of New York.[2] He was elected to the House of Representatives in 2016 and reelected in 2018 and 2020.[3] He retired from Congress to run again for the Democratic nomination for governor of New York in 2022, losing to incumbent governor Kathy Hochul.[4]
In October 2023, Suozzi announced that he would run for his old congressional seat in 2024.[5] After Congress expelled George Santos in December 2023, a special election was scheduled for February 13, 2024. Suozzi was selected as the Democratic nominee on December 7, 2023.[6]
Early life and education
The youngest of five siblings, Suozzi was born on August 31, 1962, in Glen Cove, New York.[7] His father, Joseph A. Suozzi, who was born in Ruvo del Monte, Italy, was an attorney and served as Glen Cove mayor from 1956 to 1960. His mother, Marguerite (née Holmes), of Irish and English descent, was an operating room nurse at Glen Cove Hospital.[8][9][10]
Suozzi graduated from Chaminade High School in 1980. He attended Boston College, graduating in 1984 with a bachelor's degree in accounting. He became a certified public accountant two years later. He then earned a Juris Doctor degree from Fordham University School of Law in 1989.[11][12]
Private sector career
Before entering politics, Suozzi worked as an accountant at Arthur Andersen from 1984 to 1986, a law clerk to Thomas Collier Platt Jr. of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York from 1989 to 1990, and a commercial litigator at Shearman & Sterling from 1990 to 1993.[12][13]
Suozzi returned to the private sector from 2010 to 2016, working as an attorney of counsel at Harris Beach, and as a consultant for Cablevision and Lazard.[13][14] After leaving Congress, he became co-chair of Actum LLC, a global consulting firm.[15]
Early political career
Mayor of Glen Cove
In 1993, Suozzi was elected mayor of Glen Cove, New York. He served as mayor for four terms.[16] His father and his uncle, Vincent Suozzi, were mayors of Glen Cove before him.[17]
As mayor, Suozzi focused on environmental cleanup of commercial and industrial sites, and redeveloping brownfield and superfund sites.[16] In 1994, the Glen Cove incinerator was permanently closed and dismantled.[18] In 1998, the city demolished and redeveloped the defunct Li Tungsten Refinery grounds, a federal superfund site.[19][20]
Nassau County Executive
Suozzi was elected Nassau County Executive in 2001, becoming the first Democrat elected to the position in traditionally Republican Nassau in 30 years.[21] He assumed office amid a fiscal crisis. By 1999, Nassau was on the brink of financial collapse: the county faced a $300 million annual deficit, was billions of dollars in debt, and its credit rating had sunk to one level above junk status.[22] According to The New York Times, he "earned high marks from independent institutions for his signature achievement, the resuscitation of Nassau's finances."[23]
While in office, Suozzi cut spending and reduced borrowing and debt. He also oversaw 11 county bond upgrades over two years, eliminated deficits in Nassau, and accumulated surpluses. In 2005, Governing Magazine named him one of its Public Officials of the Year, calling him "the man who spearheaded Nassau County, New York's, remarkable turnaround from the brink of fiscal disaster."[16][23] According to The New York Times, he garnered praise for social services like his "no wrong door" program, which centralized access to social services.[23]
Suozzi narrowly lost the 2009 county executive election to Ed Mangano. After working in the private sector as an attorney, he announced that he would seek a rematch against Mangano in 2013.[24] He attacked Mangano for "presiding over a decline in the county" while also emphasizing eight years of balanced budgets and reduced crime while he was county executive.[25] In November 2013, Mangano defeated Suozzi by a much wider margin of 59% to 41%.[26]
Gubernatorial campaigns
2006
Suozzi declared his candidacy for governor of New York in the Democratic primary against Eliot Spitzer on February 25, 2006. Few prominent Democrats apart from Nassau County Democratic Party Chairman Jay Jacobs supported his bid; most of New York's Democratic legislators and mayors campaigned for Spitzer. One of Suozzi's biggest supporters was Victor Rodriguez, founder of the now disbanded Voter Rights Party. Rodriguez eventually became the lead field organizer for his Albany campaign office. The campaign was funded in part by Home Depot co-founder Kenneth Langone, former NYSE CEO Richard Grasso, vice chairman of the MTA David Mack, and many people on Wall Street whom Spitzer had investigated and prosecuted.[7]
On June 13, 2006, Suozzi spoke before the New York State Conference of Mayors along with Spitzer and John Faso. He received a standing ovation from the crowd of mayors.[27] On July 6, he announced to his followers that he had collected enough petitions to place himself on the primary ballot. During a debate, he said he had presidential aspirations.[28][29] On August 7, after much speculation, he announced that he would not seek an independent line were he to lose the primary.[30]
Spitzer defeated Suozzi in the Democratic primary with 81% of the vote to Suozzi's 19%.[31]
2022
On November 29, 2021, Suozzi announced his candidacy for governor of New York in the 2022 election.[32] He strongly opposed a proposal by Governor Kathy Hochul to permit homeowners to add an accessory dwelling unit (such as an extra apartment and backyard cottage) on lots zoned for single-family housing.[33] The proposal was intended to alleviate New York's housing shortage and make housing more affordable.[34] He said that he supported efforts to tackle housing problems, but that he was against "ending single-family housing".[34][35]
Suozzi placed third in the Democratic primary with 12% of the vote, behind Hochul and Jumaane Williams.[4][36]
U.S. House of Representatives
Elections
2016
In June 2016, Suozzi won a five-way Democratic primary in New York's 3rd congressional district.[37] He was endorsed by The New York Times, Newsday, and The Island Now.[38][39][40] He defeated Republican State Senator Jack Martins in the general election on November 8, and began representing New York's 3rd congressional district in the 115th United States Congress in January 2017.[41]
2018
In June 2018, Suozzi won the Democratic primary unopposed. In the general election, He defeated Republican nominee Dan DeBono by 18 points.[42]
2020
In June 2020, Suozzi won a three-way Democratic primary in New York's 3rd congressional district with 66.5% of the votes.[43] In the general election, he defeated Republican nominee George Santos by over 12 points.[44][45]
2024
Suozzi announced his candidacy for New York's 3rd congressional district in the November 2024 election. After Congress expelled Representative George Santos, Suozzi also declared his candidacy for the special election. He was selected as the Democratic nominee on December 7, 2023,[46] and ran against Republican nominee Mazi Melesa Pilip, a member of the Nassau County Legislature representing the 10th district. Suozzi defeated Pilip in the special election on February 13, 2024.[47][48][49][a]
As the winner of the special election, Suozzi will serve out the remainder of Santos's unfinished term in the House, which expires in January 2025.[51] According to a December 2023 Politico article, solidarity with Israel in response to the October Hamas-led terrorist attack is a top priority for the district, and both Suozzi and Pilip are "staunch supporters of Israel."[52]
Tenure
Suozzi was vice-chair of the Problem Solvers Caucus, which comprises 22 Democrats and 22 Republicans. He also co-chaired the Long Island Sound Caucus, co-chaired the Quiet Skies Caucus, and chaired the United States Merchant Marine Academy's Board of Visitors.[53][54] Suozzi was a member of the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus,[55] the United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus[56] and the Climate Solutions Caucus.[57]
Suozzi voted with President Joe Biden's stated position 100% of the time in the 117th Congress, according to a FiveThirtyEight analysis. This results in a Biden Plus/Minus score of +10.3, indicating more support for Biden's priorities than would be expected given the makeup of his district.[58]
In Congress, Suozzi authored legislation to restore the state and local tax (SALT) deduction, which was capped at $10,000 in 2017.[59] He orchestrated a call from the New York congressional delegation for the repeal of the SALT cap.[60] The effort was not successful, and the SALT cap remained at $10,000.[61]
Stock trading reports
In 2021, the nonpartisan Campaign Legal Center filed a formal ethics complaint with the Office of Congressional Ethics alleging that Suozzi had failed to file the reports required by the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge (STOCK) Act of 2012 on approximately 300 different stock transactions with a value of $3.2 million to $11 million.[62][63] The STOCK Act requires members of Congress to report each of their trades valued over $1,000 to the House Ethics Committee within 45 days.[64] As a result, when Business Insider published its 2021 "Conflicted Congress" investigation of lawmakers' stock trades and financial holdings, Suozzi was one of only 13 lawmakers given a "Danger" rating.[65][66]
In 2022, it was reported that Suozzi failed to properly disclose another 31 stock transactions, worth as much as $885,000.[67] Two months later, it was reported for a third time that he had failed to properly disclose stock transactions he had made, this time 10 stock trades that in aggregate were between $171,000 and $515,000.[64]
When Suozzi came before congressional investigators to explain in a deposition why he had not disclosed hundreds of stock trades in a timely manner, he told investigators: "Quite frankly, we have a lot going on in Congress. I have a lot of other stuff going on. And it's just not—ethics is a big priority for me. But…the…some of the formalities are not necessarily something I make a priority of."[68]
In July 2022, the U.S. House Ethics Committee said it had decided not to charge Suozzi for failing to file required reports on stock transactions on time because it was not a "knowing or willful" act. The committee said its five Democratic and five Republican members unanimously voted to dismiss the referral from the independent federal Office of Congressional Ethics.[69][70]
Committee assignments
Caucus memberships
- Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus[55]
- United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus[56]
- Climate Solutions Caucus[57]
- Problem Solvers Caucus[71] (vice chair)
- United States Merchant Marine Academy's Board of Visitors (chair)[72][53][54]
- New Democrat Coalition[73]
Personal life
Suozzi and his wife Helene (née Wrotniak) married in 1993 and are Roman Catholic.[74] They live in Glen Cove and have three children.[11][12]
Electoral history
Governor
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Eliot Spitzer | 624,684 | 81.88 | |
Democratic | Tom Suozzi | 138,263 | 18.12 | |
Total votes | 762,947 | 100.00 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Kathy Hochul (incumbent) | 607,928 | 67.64 | |
Democratic | Jumaane Williams | 173,872 | 19.35 | |
Democratic | Tom Suozzi | 116,972 | 13.01 | |
Total votes | 898,772 | 100.00 |
U.S. House
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Tom Suozzi | 167,758 | 52.9 | |
Republican | Jack Martins | 131,534 | 41.4 | |
Conservative | Jack Martins | 16,134 | 5.1 | |
Reform | Jack Martins | 1,909 | 0.6 | |
Total | Jack Martins | 149,577 | 47.1 | |
Total votes | 317,335 | 100.0 | ||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Tom Suozzi | 149,937 | 56.2 | |
Independence | Tom Suozzi | 2,962 | 1.1 | |
Working Families | Tom Suozzi | 2,838 | 1.1 | |
Women's Equality | Tom Suozzi | 1,376 | 0.5 | |
Reform | Tom Suozzi | 343 | 0.1 | |
Total | Tom Suozzi (incumbent) | 157,456 | 59.0 | |
Republican | Dan DeBono | 98,716 | 37.0 | |
Conservative | Dan DeBono | 10,798 | 4.0 | |
Total | Dan DeBono | 109,514 | 41.0 | |
Total votes | 266,970 | 100.0 | ||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Tom Suozzi | 195,927 | 52.6 | |
Working Families | Tom Suozzi | 9,193 | 2.5 | |
Independence | Tom Suozzi | 3,292 | 0.9 | |
Total | Tom Suozzi (incumbent) | 208,412 | 56.0 | |
Republican | George Santos | 147,437 | 39.6 | |
Conservative | George Santos | 14,470 | 3.9 | |
Total | George Santos | 161,907 | 43.5 | |
Libertarian | Howard Rabin | 2,154 | 0.5 | |
Total votes | 372,473 | 100.0 | ||
Democratic hold |
See also
- List of United States representatives from New York
- United States congressional delegations from New York
Notes
References
- ^ Bulletin of Information. Fordham Law School. 1989. p. 63. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
- ^ Lambert, Bruce (November 7, 2004). "After Mixed Results, Suozzi Presses On to Fix Albany". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
- ^ Torrance, Luke (November 7, 2018). "Suozzi, Rice win re-election as Democrats capture House". The Island Now. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
- ^ a b Mahoney, Bill; Gronewold, Anna (June 28, 2022). "Hochul cruises to victory in Democratic primary in New York". Politico. Retrieved August 18, 2022.
- ^ Coltin, Jeff (October 10, 2023). "Suozzi enters race for former House seat amid Santos' troubles". Politico. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
- ^ Bowman, Bridget (December 7, 2023). "New York Democrats pick Tom Suozzi as their candidate for George Santos' seat". NBC News. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
- ^ a b Rodrick, Stephen (July 14, 2006). "Tom Quixote: Is Suozzi's campaign against Spitzer a profile in courage or self-destruction?". New York Magazine. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
- ^ Lane, Laura (September 7, 2017). "Marge Suozzi dies at 93, after a life of giving". Long Island Herald. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
- ^ "Marriage of Holmes / Suozzi". Newsday. February 19, 1953. Retrieved December 14, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Katz, Celeste (August 19, 2018). "Suozzis relish summer stumping". New York Daily News. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
- ^ a b "Thomas Suozzi's Biography". Vote Smart.
- ^ a b c Healy, Patrick D. (February 26, 2006). "L.I. Democrat Takes On Spitzer in Governor Race". The New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
- ^ a b "2022 Candidate Questionnaire" (PDF). Democratic Rural Conference of New York State. January 24, 2022. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
- ^ Samuels, Michael H. (May 10, 2010). "Suozzi joining Harris Beach". Long Island Business News.
- ^ "Former Congressman Tom Suozzi Joins Actum as Co-Chair". Actum LLC. February 28, 2023. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
- ^ a b c Gurwitt, Rob (2005). "Thomas R. Suozzi". Governing. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
- ^ Toy, Vivian (August 21, 2005). "In Glen Cove, Politics Is Thicker Than Blood". The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
- ^ Ain, Stewart (March 24, 1996). "First Closing Of Incinerator Renews Focus On Disposing Of Garbage". The New York Times. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
- ^ Saslow, Linda (November 5, 2000). "Glen Cove Seeks Waterfront Investors". The New York Times. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
- ^ Gearty, Robert (April 23, 1998). "Glen Cove Blows Its Stack". New York Daily News. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
- ^ Lambert, Bruce (November 8, 2001). "The 2001 Elections: Long Island; Suozzi Quickly Focuses on Nassau's Woes". The New York Times. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
- ^ Jones, Bart (December 19, 2010). "Nassau's Finances Recall Near-Meltdown of '99". Newsday. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
- ^ a b c Lambert, Bruce (September 4, 2006). "Suozzi, Beyond the Numbers". The New York Times. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
- ^ Brodsky, Robert (May 7, 2013). "Suozzi lays out campaign strategy, six months out". Newsday. Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
- ^ "Former Nassau County Executive Tom Suozzi Wants His Old Job Back: Says He's Over Losing The First Time And Is What's Right For County This Time". CBS New York. February 13, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
- ^ Twarowski, Christopher (November 6, 2013). "Mangano Defeats Suozzi In Nassau County Executive Race". Long Island Press. Syosset, NY.
- ^ Hakim, Danny (June 14, 2006). "Suozzi Gets an Ovation From Conference of Mayors". The New York Times.
- ^ Healy, Patrick (July 26, 2006). "Sole Debate for Spitzer and Suozzi Is Fiery". The New York Times. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ^ "The Spitzer-Suozzi Debate Transcript". The New York Times. July 26, 2006. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
- ^ "Suozzi Won't Seek Independent Line". WNED (AM). August 7, 2006. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007.
- ^ Healy, Patrick (September 13, 2006). "Spitzer and Clinton Win in N.Y. Primary". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
- ^ Alfaro, Mariana (November 29, 2021). "Rep. Thomas Suozzi announces bid for New York governor, joins crowded Democratic primary". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 18, 2022. Retrieved August 18, 2022.
- ^ Gormley, Michael (February 18, 2022). "Hochul pulls affordable housing proposal from budget". Newsday. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
- ^ a b Witt, Stephen (January 28, 2022). "Suozzi, Local Politicians Assail Hochul's Residential Rezoning Plans". Long Island Press. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
- ^ Duffy, Brandon (February 2, 2022). "Suozzi says Hochul's zoning proposals 'end single-family housing in New York state'". The Island Now. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
- ^ "New York Democratic & Republican Primary Election Results and Maps 2022 | CNN Politics". CNN. April 19, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
- ^ Brand, Rick (June 30, 2016). "Thomas Suozzi savors Democratic primary win". Newsday. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
- ^ The New York Times Editorial Board (June 17, 2016). "Five Choices in New York Congressional Primaries". The New York Times. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ^ Newsday Editorial Board (October 25, 2016). "Thomas Suozzi to Represent 3rd Congressional District". Newsday. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ^ The Island Now Editorial Board (November 3, 2016). "Our Views: Congressional District 3 Tom Suozzi For Congress". The Island Now. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ^ a b "New York State Official Election Night Results" (PDF). New York Board of Elections. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
- ^ "New York's 3rd Congressional District election, 2018". Ballotpedia. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
- ^ "June 23 2020 Primary Election Results" (PDF). New York State Board of Elections. Retrieved August 18, 2022.
- ^ "2020 Election Results". New York State Board of Elections. Retrieved August 18, 2022.
- ^ "New York's 3rd Congressional District election, 2020". Ballotpedia. Retrieved August 18, 2022.
- ^ Shepherd, Brittany; Oppenheim, Oren (December 1, 2023). "George Santos has been expelled from Congress. Here's how his replacement will be chosen". ABC News. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
- ^ "New York 3rd Congressional District Special Election Results". The New York Times. February 13, 2024.
- ^ Houghtaling, Ellie Quinlan (November 1, 2022). "Republicans Have a Replacement for George Santos—and She's a Doozy". The New Republic.
- ^ Kochi, Sudiksha (December 14, 2023). "New York GOP choose former Israel Defense Forces soldier as candidate to replace George Santos". USA Today.
- ^ Cuza, Bobby (December 14, 2023). "GOP nominates Nassau legislator Mazi Pilip to run for Santos' seat". NY1.
- ^ Goldiner, Dave (December 14, 2023). "Republicans pick trailblazing Democratic Israeli immigrant to run for Rep. George Santos seat". The New York Daily News.
- ^ Ngo, Emily (December 15, 2023). "Support for Israel at heart of crucial New York special election". POLITICO. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
- ^ a b "Suozzi appointed co chair of bipartisan long island sound caucus". suozzi.house.gov. March 15, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
- ^ a b Pelaez, Robert (February 4, 2020). "Suozzi named chairman of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy's Board of Visitors". The Island Now. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
- ^ a b "Members". Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
- ^ a b "Our Members". U.S. House of Representatives International Conservation Caucus. Archived from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
- ^ a b "90 Current Climate Solutions Caucus Members". Citizen´s Climate Lobby. Retrieved October 20, 2018.
- ^ Bycoffe, Aaron; Wiederkehr, Anna (April 22, 2021). "Does Your Member Of Congress Vote With Or Against Biden?". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
- ^ Gormley, Michael (December 20, 2019). "Suozzi bill to increase SALT cap passes House". Newsday. Archived from the original on December 20, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
- ^ Ferris, Sarah (March 30, 2021). "Blue-state Democrats demand SALT relief in Biden's next big bill". Politico. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
- ^ "5 things to know about Tom Suozzi". City & State NY. December 7, 2023.
- ^ "Letter to the Office of Congressional Ethics" (PDF). September 22, 2021.
- ^ Walsh, Deirdre (September 23, 2021). "Outside Ethics Group Says 7 House Lawmakers Didn't Disclose Stock Trades". All Things Considered. NPR. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
- ^ a b Hall, Madison. "Democratic Rep. Tom Suozzi, a New York gubernatorial hopeful, just violated the STOCK Act — again". Business Insider.
- ^ Zremski, Jerry (December 17, 2021). "Tom Suozzi, Chris Jacobs in 'danger' zone on Stock Act violations, Insider says". The Buffalo News.
- ^ Metzger, Bryan. "Democrats' choice to replace George Santos is lukewarm on abortion, violated federal law over 300 times with his stock trades, and once said Florida's 'Don't Say Gay' bill is 'common sense'". Business Insider.
- ^ Leonard, Kimberly (March 8, 2022). "Democratic Rep. Tom Suozzi of New York violated a conflicts-of-interest law by disclosing stock transactions years past a federal deadline". Business Insider.
- ^ Pagliery, Jose (August 6, 2022). "The Absurd Reason a Lawmaker Gave for Breaking Stock Rules". The Daily Beast.
- ^ "House panel dismisses potential ethics charges against Rep. Suozzi". Newsday. July 30, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
- ^ Hall, Dave Levinthal, Madison. "Reps. Pat Fallon, Tom Suozzi, and Chris Jacobs avoid penalties after STOCK Act violation investigations". Business Insider. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Featured Members". Problem Solvers Caucus. Retrieved March 28, 2021.
- ^ "Biography". suozzi.house.gov. February 15, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ^ "Leadership | New Democrat Coalition". newdemocratcoalition.house.gov. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
- ^ Religious affiliation of members of 115th Congress (PDF) (Report). Pew Research Center. January 3, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NY Governor - R Primary Race - Sep 13, 1994". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Certification for the June 28, 2022 Primary Election" (PDF). New York State Board of Elections. May 4, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
- ^ "2022 Election Results - Primary Election — June 28, 2022". New York State Board of Elections.
- ^ "November 3, 2020 General Election Certification" (PDF). New York State Board of Elections. September 17, 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2020. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
- ^ "2020 Election Results". New York State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
External links
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