Marasmus (implications)

Socioeconomic implications of Marasmus - Those who are in Poverty are more likely to develop Marasmus and other nutritional deficiencies . Due to childhood malnutrition, survivors of marasmus often have poorer socio economic prospects due to cognitive compromise in their developmental years. Since adequate nutrition is vital for development, those with Marasmus are impacted by impaired neurodevelopment. This results in loss of education in early school years, leading to limited higher educational and occupational opportunities. Prevention may look like improving nutritional education and access, as well as eliminating poverty are ways to reduce the risks of developing these deficiencies.

Long term effects of Marasmus - In addition to the symptoms and short term effects of marasmus that are consequential, there are many long term effects of marasmus that impact adult survivors. Physical: Some of the physical long term effects of marasmus include greater risk for low weight, stunted growth and lower lean body mass. Due to the deficiency in macronutrients and caloric intake, specifically protein and adult survivors that impact development. Other long term effects of marasmus are the increased risks for pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction which leads to glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. This may lead to reduced muscle mass, and increased visceral fat. Moreover, there are metabolic implications including reduced insulin sensitivity and impaired glucose metabolism. There is also an increased risk of other NCDs (Non-communicable diseases) as well as CVRFs (Cardiovascular risk factors). Not only are the survivors of Marasmus impacted, but their offspring as well. There is an association with survivors and their offspring having a low birth weight. There are also long term effects related to gene methylation. Marasmus adult survivors may have changes in gene expression in regards to immunity, growth and glucose metabolism.

Prevention of Marasmus - There are many underlying causes of Marasmus that can be addressed through prevention. Nutrition: Nutritionally the best way to prevent Marasmus and other SAMs is through a diverse and adequate diet. Other interventions that also target nutrition specific interventions are through SAM treatment, CTC (comprehensive treatment center), and protein and micronutrient supplements . It is also important for mothers and families to be educated on prenatal care, nutrition and child development. Energy, protein and micronutrient supplementation are vital to ensuring the mother and child are adequately nourished. Strictly breastfeeding for 6 months and 24 months for nutritional supplementation is also recommended to prevent Marasmus and other malnutrition of children under the age of 2. Health: In addition to nutrition, ensuring access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene are important in preventing childhood illness and diarrheal disease which can contribute to Marasmus and other SAMs as well as, if the child has Marasmus it can quickly become dangerous if the child has another disease as immune functions are decreased when a child has Marasmus . It is important for the child or anyone at risk for marasmus to have access to primary care. With access to primary care they are able to treat these illnesses, prevent diarrheal diseases often associated with malnutrition and can monitor growth.