User:Chairomai/Autoimmune skin diseases in dogs
There are many autoimmune diseases, and they all vary in impact to the dog and progress at their own rates.
Reference Pedersen, Niels C. (1999) A Review of Immunologic Diseases of the Dog. Vet Immunol Immunopathol
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Dogs suffering from autoimmune diseases of the skin may experience a variety of symptoms, including persistent itching and scratching, lesions, wounds, blisters, and other skin damage, as well as loss of skin pigment.[1] Two cases of autoimmune diseases that are often found include Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and Pemphigus. DLE can develop into Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).[2] Another autoimmune skin disease which can occur in dogs is vitiligo. The exact prevalence of this disease in dogs is currently unknown, as it is likely under-reported.[3]
In addition to humans, Vitiligo can be found in a variety of animals, including cats, horses, and dogs. Vitiligo is a type of autoimmune disease that damages melanocytes in the skin, lips, and oral cavity. Melanocytes are cells that contain pigments such as melanin. These pigments give rise to an organism's phenotype, which determines skin and hair color.[4] Melanocytes are also found in other parts of the body, such as the oral mucosa, eye, cochlea, and the meninges. In addition to Vitiligo, there are other autoimmune diseases that target melanocytes, such as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome, and Uveodermatological (UDS) syndrome.[5]
The immune system functions in many ways to eliminate foreign substances and particles introduced to the body. This revolves around T-cell differentiation, where mature T-cells with receptors for non-self cells target foreign antigens and act with other cells to dispose of them.[6] There are two mechanisms of tolerance found in the immune system. The first mechanism is positive selection by the thymus, where only T cells are selected. T cells recognize peptides in the Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Foreign antigens possessing MHC molecules will then be
References
- ^ "Auto-immune Diseases". Archived from the original on 2019-10-30. Retrieved 2019-10-27.
- ^ Immune-mediated Skin Diseases. Rimini: 50th Congresso Nazionale Multisala SCIVAC
- ^ Tham, Heng L.; Linder, Keith E.; Olivry, Thierry (2019-07-19). "Autoimmune diseases affecting skin melanocytes in dogs, cats and horses: vitiligo and the uveodermatological syndrome: a comprehensive review". BMC Veterinary Research. 15 (1): 251. doi:10.1186/s12917-019-2003-9. ISSN 1746-6148. PMC 6639964. PMID 31324191.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Yamaguchi, Yuji; Hearing, Vincent J. (2014-5). "Melanocytes and Their Diseases". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 4 (5): a017046. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a017046. ISSN 2157-1422. PMC 3996377. PMID 24789876.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Tham, Heng L.; Linder, Keith E.; Olivry, Thierry (2019-07-19). "Autoimmune diseases affecting skin melanocytes in dogs, cats and horses: vitiligo and the uveodermatological syndrome: a comprehensive review". BMC Veterinary Research. 15 (1): 251. doi:10.1186/s12917-019-2003-9. ISSN 1746-6148.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Sprent, Jonathan; Kishimoto, Hidehiro (2001-05-29). Morris, P. J.; Wood, K. J. (eds.). "The thymus and central tolerance". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 356 (1409): 609–616. doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0846. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 1088448. PMID 11375064.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)