Darryl B. Hood

Darryl B. Hood is an lllAssociate lllProfessor and environmental neuroscientist at Ohio State University and the author of Multigenerational Effects of Inhaled B(a)P on Development. Hood led the most successful Minority S11 NIEHS-sponsored initiative, known as Advanced Research Cooperation in Environmental Health (ARCH) Program. Additionally, Dr. Hood is currently a Dean's Fellow in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion research . He has also done work included in several articles on recalibrating reference concentrations for inhaled B(a)P exposures in reproductive and neurotoxicity.^[1] As a co-architect, Darryl B. Hood has continued to work at Ohio State University on the Public Health Exposome.^[2]

Early life

Hood was born in 1958, in North Carolina. The oldest of 3 children, Hood grew up in an ordinary life. Raised by both his parents, who were heavily involved in church, during the Civil Rights Movement, Darryl would become a part of history at a very young age. At 10 years old, the Brown vs. Board of Education case was being heard across the country, Darryl’s parents made him a plaintiff in the case, not realizing this case would transform education in America. Darryl became interested in biology during his freshman year of college after his grandmother was diagnosed with uterus cancer. Darryl was heavily influenced by his family. He was taught to work for what he wanted, his foundation as a young boy helped shape him into the man he is today.  

Education

Darryl B. Hood graduated with a bachelor's science degree in biology and chemistry from Johnson C. Smith University and received his Ph.D. from East Tennessee State University in 1990. Soon after, Dr. Hood began research and served as a member of the faculty at Meharry Medical College from 1993 to 2013. Hood completed his postdoctoral studies at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine at the Center in Molecular Toxicology.^[1] Dr. Hood has also mentored over 15 MSPH/MPH, 15-PhD, and 9-Postdoctoral fellowships.  

Teaching/Experiences

Dr. Hood has been a professor and entrepreneur at Meharry Medical College since March 1994. This college, located within an area characterized by extreme poverty, developed Dr. Hood's understanding of the challenges faced by vulnerable communities. Building on this experience, he began to serve as the President of the Minority Professional Consortium for Environmental Impacted Communities, LLC in Tennessee during the early 2000s. This role allowed Dr. Hood to advocate for and support minority populations suffering from environmental health issues.

In 2013 Dr. Hood became a Tenured Associate Professor and Entrepreneur at Ohio State University. Then, in August 2021, he became a Professor and Deans Fellow for the Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health. Dr. Darryl B. Hood's commitment to environmental health equity also extended to national platforms, as evidenced by his service on the US EPA Exposure and Human Health Subcommittee of the Science Advisory board for six years following 2010.

Ohio State University is where Dr. Hood conducts most of his work.  

Research

Darryl B. Hood has published 105 peer reviewed studies, ranging from an ExWAS approach to Latino cancer disparities to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their implications for developmental, molecular, and behavioral neurotoxicology.^[5] During his fellowship in the center of molecular toxicology at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine from 1993 to 2013 he received over 11.2 million dollars in funding for a series of projects mainly focusing on toxic substances.  

• Inhalation Toxicology (prenatal exposure models autism)
• Developmental Neurobiology (somatosensory sortex)
• Behavioral Neurobiology (development of structure-specific paradigms)
• Environmental and Biochemical Toxicology (Nitroxides and PAH's)
• Dispersion modeling of PAH's in environmental justice communities

• Structural Biology
• Protein Structure and Function
• Environmental-exposure health assessment questionnaire development
• Modeling exposures across lifetime using public exposome approach
• Cardio-metabolic diseases
• These topics are some of his current areas of study^[6]

Neurotoxicology

Darryl B. Hood's work in the research of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as benzo(a)pyrene, has shown that utero exposure to B(a)P results in a diminished expression of specific NMDA receptor subunits that manifest their effects later in life, being shown as deficits in neuronal activity in the offspring. Hood and his fellow researchers' work and testing led to the conclusion that exposure to B(a)P in utero at the time of synapse formation will express a strong negative effect on brain function and will produce defects in activity and experience-dependent gene expression, leading to lower mental developmental index scores and intelligence quotients.^[7] This research resulted in the confirmation that common environmental contaminants have direct negative impacts on neuronal development. Facts like these that have been established by Dr. Hoods research were recognized by the USEPA in 2017’s Integrated Risk Information System Assessment (IRIS) resulting in significant public policy change.

Behavioral

Darryl B. Hood has contributed to the field of behavioral neuroscience through his research on the effects that benzo(a)pyrene has had on glutamatergic signaling, thus affecting behavioral processes.^[8]

In the article "Prenatal Exposure to Benzo(a)pyrene Impairs Later-Life Cortical Neuronal Function", Hood discusses the expression of glutamate receptor subunits and the role that this plays in cortical responses. Along with his fellow researchers, Hood discovered that exposure to B(a)P throughout development can impact cortical function through modulation of glutamatergic receptor subunit expression within the somatosensory cortex. To evaluate this, Hood studied how mRNA is expressed in both a control group and a group exposed to B(a)P for NR2B, which is a glutamatergic NMDA receptor subunit.^[9]

In the article "PAH Particles Perturb Prenatal Processes and Phenotypes: Protection from Deficits in Object Discrimination Afforded by Dampening of Brain Oxidoreductase Following In Utero Exposure to Inhaled Benzo(a)pyrene", Hood used the wild-type (WT) cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Cpr) mouse to evaluate glutamatergic signaling and NMDA receptor function. He successfully demonstrated that the harm done by exposure to B(a)P in early cortical development results in lasting phenotypic changes in Cpr mouse models. In the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), there was a statistically significant increase in basal level concentrations of glutamate for the B(a)P-exposed Cpr mice. The results of this data coincides with previous results suggesting an impact on currents coming inward through the NMDA receptor when glutamate levels are elevated.^[10]

Environmental

Darryl B. Hood also took part in many environmental and socially-based studies, such as The Effects of Social, Personal, and Behavioral Risk Factors and PM2.% on Cardio-Metabolic Disparities in a Cohort of Community Health Center Patients. The results of this experiment indicated that race, as a risk factor for disease, and as a way to elaborate on the patterning of CMD, should not be considered as "biological programming". The study indefinitely connected the disparities amongst highly impoverished areas to be an important factor in regard to health outcomes. The publication called for additional studies that examine racial health disparities within different SES, social-economic status, and subgroups, particularly with these groups being in different geographical areas.^[11]

In another study, Hood participated in applying Citizen Science Risk Communication Tools in a Vulnerable Urban Community. This study created a portal that included a few categories for the local community called a public participatory geographic information system (PPGIS). This was used to communicate with citizens about potential or current environmental risks due to the industries in their communities. Participants were to be informed by a card about the results of their residential soils so they could be more vocal and aware of their health. This study explored five social determinants of health: economic stability, education, health/healthcare, neighborhood, social, and community. They did this by creating a campaign which is known as The Healthy People 2020.^[12]

Hood focuses primarily on his NIH-funded study.^[13] Neurotoxicology is one of his main focuses, emphasizing environmental public health. Hood also serves on the scholar's direct board.^[14]

Darryl B. Hood's work has shown the harmful effects of benzo(a)pyrene regarding glutamatergic signaling regulation.^[1] His work gave new information to the field of Environmental Health Sciences about postal brain development in the environment.^[15]

Current Research

Hood has recently been involved in research looking into the allostatic load and cardiovascular disease risk. Hood et al. (2023) focused their study on African American adults measuring their allosteric load (taking different blood measurements), and resilience by looking into their personal lives, and their lifestyle using covariates. The overall findings of this study were that allosteric load and cardiovascular disease were directly proportional. This means that with higher levels of allosteric load African American adults have a higher chance of developing cardiovascular disease as they age.

Community-Driven Health Research

Dr. Hood and his research team have developed a framework titled the Public Health Exposome; this aided in studying how different factors such as race and culture affect health outcomes. The study suggested that, when communities work alongside experts from various fields, such as academia, Medicare providers, K5 learning centers, and more, the health outcomes of vulnerable populations can be improved drastically.