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Rosy Bindi

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Rosy Bindi
President of the Antimafia Commission
In office
22 October 2013 – 22 March 2018
Preceded byGiuseppe Pisanu
Succeeded byNicola Morra
President of the Democratic Party
In office
7 November 2009 – 19 April 2013
Preceded byRomano Prodi
Succeeded byGianni Cuperlo
Minister for Family
In office
17 May 2006 – 8 May 2008
Prime MinisterRomano Prodi
Preceded byRoberto Maroni
Succeeded byOffice abolished
Minister of Health
In office
17 May 1996 – 26 April 2000
Prime MinisterRomano Prodi
Massimo D'Alema
Preceded byElio Guzzanti
Succeeded byUmberto Veronesi
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
In office
15 April 1994 – 22 March 2018
ConstituencyVeneto (1994–1996)
Tuscany (1996–2013)
Calabria (2013–2018)
Member of the European Parliament
In office
25 July 1989 – 19 July 1994
ConstituencyNorth–East Italy
Personal details
Born (1951-02-12) 12 February 1951 (age 73)
Sinalunga, Italy
Political partyPD (2007–2018)
DL (2002–2007)
PPI (1994–2002)
DC (1989–1994)
ProfessionPolitical scientist

Maria Rosaria "Rosy" Bindi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈrɔːzi ˈbindi]; born 12 February 1951) is an Italian politician and the former president of the Antimafia Commission. She began her political career in Christian Democracy (DC), becoming a member of the European Parliament in 1989. After the dissolution of the DC, she joined the centre-left-leaning Italian People's Party (PPI) in 1994 and Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (DL) in 2002.

Bindi served as Minister of Health and Minister for Family in the centre-left coalition governments of Romano Prodi and Massimo D'Alema from 1996 to 2000 and 2006 to 2008. In 2007, she was among the founding members of the Democratic Party (PD), and was the party's president from 2009 to 2013. Elected a Chamber of Deputies in 1994, after a total of six legislatures, she did not run for re-election in 2018 and left the PD, ending her political career.

Early life and education

Born in Sinalunga, in the province of Siena,[1][2][3] Bindi graduated in political science.[4] Prior to her graduation at LUISS, Bindi enrolled in sociology at the University of Trento, and later became a researcher in administrative law in the Faculty of Political Science at La Sapienza in Rome and then in the Faculty of Law at the University of Siena until 1989.[5] A pupil and later assistant of the lawyer, magistrate, and DC politician Vittorio Bachelet, she was standing near Bachelet when he was assassinated by the Red Brigades in 1980.[6] Bachelet's death contributed to Bindi's anti-mafia activism.[3] In 2020, she said that Bachelet's assassination was the result of the powers that be opposed to the changes of those years.[7]

Career

Political career

From 1984 to 1989, Bindi held the position of vice-president of Azione Cattolica, the most popular Italian Catholic lay association, with which she continues to be active.[1][2][3] In 1989, she joined the DC, the ruling party of the First Italian Republic. In the 1989 European Parliament election in Italy, she was elected a member of the European Parliament, a position she held until 1994. During her period at the European Parliament, she was president of the Petitions and Citizens' Rights Commission.[4] After the dissolution of the DC in 1994, Bindi joined the PPI, of which she became regional secretary in Veneto,[4] and later became a leading figure in The Olive Tree,[3] the broad left-to-centre coalition led by Romano Prodi;[8] later in the 2000s, she was also a lead figure of Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (DL).[3] Following the coalition's victory in the 1996 Italian general election, she was named Minister of Health, a position she held also in the following governments led by Massimo D'Alema. During her tenure at the Ministry of Health, through Bindi's circolare of 2 December 1996,[nb 1] electroshock therapy (ECT) was re-introduced in Italy to treat psychiatrized patients. It was later corrected through Bindi's circolare of 15 February 1999,[nb 2] which limited the use of ECT in particular cases but did not totally revoke it.[9][10][11]

In the 2001 Italian general election, Bindi was elected for the third time to the Chamber of Deputies in the constituency of Cortona representing the DL. After the victory of The Union in the 2006 Italian general election, she became Minister for the Family,[4] serving in that post until the results of the 2008 Italian general election returned the Silvio Berlusconi-led centre-right coalition back to power. One of the founders and strongest supporters of the PD,[4][12] the result of a merge between the DC's centre-left-leaning legal successor parties with those of the Italian Communist Party, Bindi competed for the 2007 PD leadership election, and was the distant runner-up; she received 12.93% of the vote cast.[13] She continued to work for the party, leading the Democrats Really faction,[14] until the 2018 Italian general election, when she did not seek re-election,[15] and ended her political career.[16][17] From 2008 to 2013, she was the vice-president of the Chamber of Deputies.[18] From 2009 to 2013, Bindi was president of the PD.[4] She strongly criticized the 101 party deputies that did not vote for Prodi and thus sank his candidacy during the 2013 Italian presidential election.[19][20] In the 2013 PD leadership election, she did not endorse neither eventual winner Matteo Renzi nor Gianni Cuperlo, who succeeded her as the party's president, saying that she did not recognize herself in either candidate.[21][22] During the 2017 PD leadership election, Bindi voted for the runner-up Andrea Orlando.[23] Later that same year, she said that the PD under Renzi had betrayed The Olive Tree and described it as Silvio Berlusconi's crutch.[24] In 2018, Bindi called for the dissolution of the PD,[25] a position she repeated in 2022.[26]

Although she left politics and the PD in 2018, Bindi remains close to the party and is a political commentator interested to the politics of the PD and the broader Italian left-wing.[27][28][29] In an interview on 21 February 2021, Bindi reiterated that she no longer recognized herself in the PD and that is why she continues to not renew her membership card.[2] In the 2023 PD leadership election, Bindi did not endorse neither eventual winner Elly Schlein nor Stefano Bonaccini.[28] Later that same year, she took part to a PD rally after many years. She clarified that she would not return to the party as a member.[20] About capitalism and the European Union, which she said it can be reborn through criticism of capitalism, she stated: "We thought that democracy had won [in 1989], but instead capitalism won. Europe has lost its social function and the ability to guide the rules of the market and the liberal right has imposed its development model, with the capitalism of shareholders and profit. We cannot help but make this self-criticism, also in reference to the Third Way, which has not been able to react adequately."[30] In response to Gennaro Sangiuliano, who defined himself as both anti-communist and anti-fascist, and asked Bindi to do the same, she said: "I am definitely anti-fascist. I always say that I am a woman of the left but I have never been a communist, however in my small way with my political militancy, from the DC to the PD, I believe I have contributed to ensuring that communism, which was present in the life of our country, was a factor integral part of Italian democracy. The profound difference is that the Italian communists wrote the Constitution. The Italian fascists did not."[30][31] About the Meloni government, of which Sangiuliano is part as Minister of Culture, she further commented: "This government is not only not anti-fascist, it is also anti-republican."[32][33]

President of the Antimafia Commission

In October 2013, Bindi was elected president of the Antimafia Commission. Bindi held the position until March 2018.[4] In April 2017, the Antimafia Commission headed by Bindi invited the Guardia di Finanza to seize and make public the lists of 35,000 members of the four main Italian Masonic obediences.[34][35][36] The lodges described the parliamentary inquiry as a witch-hunt. Bindi called the description made by Giuliano Di Bernardo, a Grand Master of the Grand Orient of Italy lodge at Palazzo Giustiniani in Rome who testified to the Antimafia Commission, a "truly separate order within the state".[37] In December 2017, she said that the Sicilian Mafia and 'Ndrangheta were interested to Masonry.[38] The final report, which said it was not about Masonry itself but rather "on the relational aspect of the mafias", concluded that there were organizations in which "there has been a sort of 'surrender' towards the mafia", with a control system which "has often proven ineffective ... above all due to the lack of will in this sense".[39]

In March 2017, Bindi was the head of an Antimafia Commission about the alleged ties between the then Juventus chairman Andrea Agnelli and the 'Ndrangheta within the inquiry about alleged tickets sales to 'Ndrangheta members.[40][41] Bindi commented: "The mafias in Italy even reach Juventus, this is clear."[42] A supporter of Juventus rival Fiorentina, Bindi ironically congratulated Agnelli for winning the 2017 Coppa Italia final and sent her best wishes for the 2017 UEFA Champions League final but said that in the league she "must respect the pluralism of the fans".[43][44][45] It later emerged that a wiretap implicating Agnelli, which Bindi had cited during a parliamentary audition in response to the objections of Agnelli's lawyer and the doubts of the then PD senator Stefano Esposito,[nb 3] was fabricated by the public prosecutor Giuseppe Pecoraro, a supporter of Juventus rival Napoli who had said that he hoped Juventus would not win the scudetto, and Agnelli and the club were acquitted of the charge.[46] Although Juventus was the only club investigated by sports justice, the Antimafia Commission report also cited Catania, Genoa, Lazio, and Napoli, and concluded that "the largely criminal background of the representatives of organized groups is the ideal humus to allow the infiltration of mafia-type organized crime" and that these cases "paint a varied picture". Bindi commented: "Football, as a body, is not healthy enough to consider itself immune from mafias, it is a world rich in money and the possibility of creating consensus."[47][nb 4]

Post-retirement activities

In 2018, Bindi was made honourary president of the Fundamental Health Law Association, which was founded together with health policy experts, doctors, epidemiologists, and jurists in the defense of public health. She published several documents on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy on Italy's National Health Service and the risks of privatization of the public service.[2] In 2020, Bindi joined the scientific committee of lavialibera, a bimonthly information and in-depth magazine on mafias, corruption, the environment, and migration directed by Luigi Ciotti.[2] In May 2021, she the joined a working group on excommunication of mafias established in the Vatican at the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development, with the aim of following up on the excommunication of mafiosi pronounced by Pope Francis in Calabria on 21 June 2014.[2] In June 2021, Bindi became a professor at the Pontifical University Antonianum, where she carries out training and research activities on the topics of legality and the fight against mafias in the analysis and study of criminal and mafia phenomena, in collaboration with the Department of Liberating Maria from the mafias of the Pontifical Academy of Mary.[2]

Electoral history

Election House Constituency Party Votes Result
1989 European Parliament North–East Italy DC 211,170 checkY Elected
1994 Chamber of Deputies Veneto 1 PPI –[a] checkY Elected
1996 Chamber of Deputies Cortona Ulivo 60,443 checkY Elected
2001 Chamber of Deputies Cortona Ulivo 56,452 checkY Elected
2006 Chamber of Deputies Tuscany-at-large Ulivo –[a] checkY Elected
2008 Chamber of Deputies Tuscany-at-large PD –[a] checkY Elected
2013 Chamber of Deputies Calabria-at-large PD –[a] checkY Elected
  1. ^ a b c d Elected in a closed list proportional representation system

First-past-the-post elections

1996 general election (C): Tuscany — Cortona
Candidate Coalition Votes %
Rosy Bindi The Olive Tree 60,443 65.1
Anna Duchini Pole for Freedoms 29,193 31.4
Others 3,287 3.5
Total 92,923 100.0
2001 general election (C): Tuscany — Cortona
Candidate Coalition Votes %
Rosy Bindi The Olive Tree 56,452 61.5
Leonardo Giomarelli House of Freedoms 32,623 35.5
Others 2,794 3.0
Total 91,869 100.0

Personal life

Little is known about Bindi's private life, other than she is not married and has no children.[1][2][3] Controversy ensued in 2006 after the then National Alliance senator Maurizio Saia implied that Bindi was a lesbian and thus was not suitable to be Minister of Family. His words, which were uttered during a local TV programme, were unanimously condemned.[48][49] In a 2011 interview to the weekly A, she opened up about her personal life, stating that she has had two to three boyfriends.[50] Among his interests are theology.[1][2][3] Bindi is a supporter of Fiorentina.[51]

Bindi was often the target of Berlusconi's sexist jibes,[52][53][nb 5] and from other centre-right coalition politicians, such as Vittorio Sgarbi,[66][67][nb 6] who once referred to the Italian president Sergio Mattarella as "the unexpressed twin of Rosy Bindi",[71] whose role as president of the Antimafia Commission he criticized.[72][73] When Berlusconi died in June 2023, she said that the national day of mourning was "disrespectful toward the majority" who opposed him.[74] On the La7 TV programme Tagadà, she further stated: "[Berlusconi] was the first populist of this country. He certainly wasn't a promoter of women, on the contrary he used them in every sense. He told me I was more beautiful than intelligent. The sense of ownership he had towards institutions was identical to that towards women. He was in love with himself and anyone who was not at his disposal, or the subject of his fascination, did not fall into his good graces."[75][76]

Notes

  1. ^ For the circolare in question, see Bindi, Rosy (2 December 1996). "Circolare Bindi del 2 dicembre 1996". Tactical Media Crew (in Italian). Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  2. ^ For the circolare in question, see Bindi, Rosy (15 February 1999). "Circolare Bindi del 15 febbraio 1999" (PDF). CCDU (in Italian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  3. ^ For the report in shorthand, see "XVII Legislatura – Commissione parlamentare di inchiesta sul fenomeno delle mafie e sulle altre associazioni criminali, anche straniere – Resoconto stenografico – Seduta n. 196 di Mercoledì 15 marzo 2017". Camera dei Deputati (in Italian). 15 March 2017. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  4. ^ The report read: "The power of intimidation of the ultras fans within the 'stadium territory' is often exercized in ways that reproduce the mafia method; together with this, the condition of apparent extra-territoriality of the curves with respect to the authority has allowed the groups to acquire and strengthen their power towards the sports clubs and their employees or members. ... The situation is further aggravated from the point of view of the clubs, from the social base of the fans themselves, made up of significant contingents of people with criminal convictions, in some cases close to 30% of the total, according to the estimates of the forces of police. In the corners, in fact, the anarchy in the management of spaces, compared to the criteria for assigning seats dictated by the ticket sales system, for the most extreme fans is also functional in making the identification of individuals more difficult, since the mapping of the stadium sectors is effectively prevented on the basis of the match between the name of the buyer and the seat assigned by the computer reservation system. Ultras groups are often made up of individuals with serious criminal records or, in any case, with personal histories characterized by aggressive and antisocial behaviour, ready to give rise to violence, outside the stadium or in the stands, against the opposing fans or against the forces of order, to unsportsmanlike gestures, racist chants, use of smoke bombs or other dangerous instruments or, more generally, to initiatives sanctioned by federal regulations."[47]
  5. ^ In 2009, Berlusconi's sexist jibes attracted international attention,[54][55][56] including from BBC News,[57] when he referred to Bindi as being "more beautiful than intelligent".[58][59][60] It led about 100,000 women to protest Berlusconi,[61] as part of the "I'm not at your disposal" campaign in support of Bindi.[62][63][64] In 2010, during a visit to the private Università degli Studi eCampus in Novedrate, Berlusconi again insulted Bindi. Referring to some female students who had been invited by email, Berlusconi said: "Here are some beautiful girls who have graduated with maximum marks and they don't look like Rosy Bindi."[65] Bindi responded: "I congratulate the students who have graduated. As for the Prime Minister's remarks, I will only note, sadly, that among the many signs that his rule is coming to an end we now have this repeatedly wearing evidence of his vulgarity."[65]
  6. ^ One of Berlusconi's sexist jibs towards Bindi was on an on-air broadcast of Porta a Porta on 7 October 2009, when Berlusconi sarcastically told Bindi that she was more beautiful than intelligent,[68] to which Bindi replied that she was not a woman at his disposal.[69] Sgarbi later stated that this wording was his own idea, which he had elaborated with Mino Martinazzoli during the 1990s.[70]

References

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  61. ^ "100,000 Italian women protest Berlusconi". NBC News. 22 October 2009. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  62. ^ Babington, Deepa (21 October 2009). "Berlusconi sparks rare feminist backlash over 'beauty' remark". Irish Examiner. ISSN 1393-9564. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  63. ^ "N/A". The Irish Times. 21 October 2009. ISSN 0791-5144. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2024. In time, historians are sure to devote much time and space to the figure of media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi. But could it be that they will attribute to the Italian prime minister the merit of having, however inadvertently, sparked the renaissance of Italian feminism? The prime minister would appear to have disturbed the slumbering dragon of Italian feminism which, for all that it was radical and outspoken in the Sixties and Seventies, has almost disappeared from the stage of public life in the last 20 years. Rome daily La Repubblica reported yesterday that more than 98,000 women have signed an online petition deploring the 73-year-old Berlusconi's 'offensive', male-chauvinist attitudes. The incident that sparked the protest came, as so often in modern Italian politics, in the context of a TV current affairs programme. Speaking via telephone to RAI 1 talk show Porta A Porta on the evening two weeks ago that the constitutional court stripped him of his immunity from prosecution, the prime minister had an altercation with one of the studio guests, Rosy Bindi (58), the former health minister in Romano Prodi's government. 'You are increasingly more beautiful than you are intelligent,' said Berlusconi in a remark Italians immediately understood to be both sarcastic and offensive. A visibly offended Ms Bindi replied she was not 'a woman at your disposal' in an obvious reference to allegations that Berlusconi last winter held orgies involving prostitutes in his private residences in Rome and Sardinia. Last April, Berlusconi's wife Veronica Lario announced she was seeking a divorce, saying she did not want to live with a man who 'consorts with minors', a reference to the fact that her husband turned up at the 18th birthday party of Neapolitan Noemi Letizia, an aspiring actress/model who refers to Berlusconi as 'Papi' (Daddykins). In an open letter to La Repubblica the day after the programme, three women – Paris-based philosophy professor Michela Marzano, journalist Barbara Spinelli and Columbia University politics lecturer Nadia Urbinati – expressed their indignation about Berlusconi's treatment of women. 'It is by now well evident that a woman's body has become a major political weapon in the armoury of the prime minister. He sees women as physically seductive, pretty young things, totally submissive to the Big Boss's will. We protest against this cretinisation of women, of politics and of democracy. This man offends women and democracy. Let's stop him.' That open letter has become a petition signed by more than 98,000 women. Could it be that Berlusconi has this time taken on an opponent too imposing, even for him?
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  72. ^ Merlo, Giulia (25 November 2016). "Vittorio Sgarbi: 'Ma il vero spirito mafioso è quello di Bindi'". Il Dubbio (in Italian). ISSN 2724-5942. Archived from the original on 6 April 2024. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rosy Bindi.
Italian Chamber of Deputies
Preceded by
Title jointly held
 Member of the Chamber of Deputies
1994–2018 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Health
1996–2000 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister for Family
2006–2008 		Succeeded by
–
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