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List of mass shootings in Australia

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This article is a list of mass shootings in Australia. Mass shootings are firearm-related violence with at least four casualties. Excluded are shootings associated with acts of war, such as the 1944 Cowra breakout, which saw over 200 soldiers killed. Also excluded are massacres of Aboriginal people using firearms, most of which are not well-documented.

The data include casualties of perpetrators, including self-inflicted gunshot or shooting of a perpetrator by police. That treatment of perpetrator casualties is at variance to some but not all definitions of a mass shooting used in the United States. The inclusion of injured victims in the data is also at variance with some of the US definitions that only include dead victims. However, the above treatment is consistent with that used in other Wikipedia lists of mass shootings by country.

21st century

Date Location Dead Injured Total Description
12 December 2022 Wieambilla, Queensland 6[n 1] 2 8 Wieambilla police shootings: A religiously motivated terrorist attack left six people dead including three perpetrators (two men and one woman). Another two people were wounded in the shootings.[1]
4 August 2022 Bogie, Queensland 3 1 4 A man shot four members of the same family, killing three and seriously wounding one.[2]
4 June 2019 Darwin, Northern Territory 4 1 5 2019 Darwin shooting: A man shot five people with a pump-action shotgun, killing four and wounding one.[3]
14 April 2019 Melbourne, Victoria 2 4 6 2019 Melbourne nightclub shooting: A drive-by shooting by two men left two people dead and four others wounded.[4]
11 May 2018 Osmington, Western Australia 7[n 1] 0 7 Osmington shooting: A man shot dead his wife, daughter, and four grandchildren, before committing suicide.[5]
5 June 2017 Brighton, Victoria 2[n 1] 3 5 2017 Brighton siege: A man shot and killed one person and then held a hostage. In a subsequent shoot-out with a police tactical unit, the perpetrator was killed and three police officers were wounded.[6]
7 March 2016 Ingleburn, New South Wales 2[n 1] 2 4 A man armed with a rifle shot and killed one person and wounded two others, before taking his own life.[7]
16 December 2014 Sydney, New South Wales 3[n 1] 4 7 Lindt Cafe siege: Three people were killed and four others were wounded during a police raid at a café where a man was holding hostages.[8]
8 September 2014 Lockhart, New South Wales 5[n 1] 0 5 A man shot and killed his wife and three children with a shotgun, before committing suicide.[9]
26 April 2013 Smithfield, New South Wales 0 4 4 A shooting incident at a residence left four men wounded.[10]
29 April 2011 Hectorville, South Australia 3 3 6 2011 Hectorville siege: A shooting incident and the following stand-off with the police left three people killed and three others wounded.[11]
10 April 2010 Roxburgh Park, Victoria 4[n 1] 0 4 A man shot and killed his three children and himself.[12]
18 May 2009 Jandakot, Western Australia 0 4[n 1] 4 A gang-related shootout left four people wounded.[13]
2 June 2007 Adelaide, South Australia 0 4 4 A shooting incident at Tonic nightclub in Light Square left at least four people wounded.[14]
31 October 2005 Fairfield, New South Wales 1 3 4 A 29-year-old man was shot dead and three others were wounded in a shooting at Babylon Cafe in the Civic Centre Arcade.[15]
20 March 2005 Oakhampton Heights, New South Wales 4[n 1] 0 4 A 32-year-old woman armed with a rifle shot and killed her husband, two children and herself.[16]
21 October 2002 Melbourne, Victoria 2 5 7 Monash University shooting: A male international student shot and killed two students and wounded five others including the lecturer.[17]
26 May 2002 Cabramatta, New South Wales 0 7 7 A man opened fire with a handgun at a wedding party, wounding seven people.[18]

20th century

Date Location Dead Injured Total Description
10 October 1999 Adelaide, South Australia 3 2 5 A gang-related shooting left three people killed and two others wounded. The case remains unsolved.[19]
3 October 1999 Bendigo, Victoria 1[n 1] 4 5 A man shot and wounded four police officers during a 19-hour stand-off, before committing suicide.[20]
3 August 1999 Acacia Hills, Northern Territory 2[n 1] 3 5 A 12-hour shooting spree left two people dead and three others wounded. The gunman was among the killed.[21]
22 February 1999 Wollongong, New South Wales 1 9 10 A man opened fire in front of a nightclub with a double-barreled sawn-off shotgun, killing one man and wounding nine others.[22]
10 November 1997 Chippendale, New South Wales 3 1 4 A gang-related shooting at Blackmarket Cafe nightclub left three men killed and another man wounded.[23]
31 August 1997 Mackay, Queensland 0 5 5 A shootout between rival bikie gangs left five people wounded.[24]
28 April 1996 Port Arthur, Tasmania 35 24[n 1] 59 1996 Port Arthur shootings: A man shot and killed 35 people and wounded 23 others during a shooting spree.[25]
25 January 1996 Hillcrest, Queensland 7[n 1] 0 7 A man shot dead his estranged wife, three children, and parents-in-law before committing suicide.[26]
21 June 1994 Khancoban, New South Wales 1 3 4 A woman was killed and three other people wounded at a holiday resort. A suspect surrendered at the scene.[27]
27 October 1992 Central Coast, New South Wales 6 1 7 Central Coast massacre: A man armed with a 12-gauge pump-action shotgun shot and killed six people and wounded another.[28]
17 August 1991 Strathfield, New South Wales 8[n 1] 6 14 Strathfield massacre: A man armed with a semi-automatic rifle shot and killed seven people and wounded six others at a shopping mall, before committing suicide.[29]
3 October 1990 Deniliquin, New South Wales 4[n 1] 0 4 A man shot and killed his wife and two children before committing suicide.[30]
30 August 1990 Surry Hills, New South Wales 5 0 5 A man armed with a 12-gauge shotgun killed five people at a public housing precinct before surrendering to police.[31]
7 April 1990 Burleigh Heads, Queensland 1 8 9 A Satanist shot at passing cars with a rifle, killing one person and wounding eight others before being arrested.[32]
12 March 1990 Perth, Western Australia 4[n 1] 0 4 A man shot and killed his wife and two children before committing suicide.[33]
7 November 1989 Carrathool, New South Wales 2 2 4 A man shot four people at a remote house, killing two.[34]
25 September 1988 Molgawo Arnhem Land near Gunbalanya, Northern Territory 5 0 5 A man shot and killed his wife, his two children and his in-laws.[35]
27 December 1987 Winkie, South Australia 3 1 4 A mentally ill fruit-grower shot at relatives and co-workers, killing three people and wounding another before fleeing.[36][37]
8 December 1987 Melbourne, Victoria 7 5 14 Queen Street massacre: A man armed with a rifle shot and killed eight people and wounded five others. He committed suicide by leaping from an 11th-floor window.[38]
10 October 1987 Canley Vale, New South Wales 6[n 1] 1 7 Canley Vale shootings: A man shot five people to death before killing himself. The victims were a woman who had rejected the perpetrator and gotten engaged to another man, her mother, father, brother and sister. Another brother was injured.[39]
9 August 1987 Clifton Hill, Victoria 7 19 26 Hoddle Street massacre: A man armed with several firearms shot and killed seven people and wounded nineteen others.[40]
23 January 1987 Pymble, New South Wales 4 0 4 Pymble shooting: A man went to the family home of his former girlfriend, shot her and three others.[41]
12 February 1986 Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 4[n 1] 1 5 A man shot and killed his common-law wife and her parents and wounded her brother. The man returned home and committed suicide.[42]
2 September 1984 Milperra, New South Wales 7[n 1] 28[n 1] 35 Milperra massacre: A gunfight between rival motorcycle gang members left seven people killed and twenty-eight injured.[43]
1 June 1984 Wahroonga, New South Wales 6[n 1] 0 6 Wahroonga murders: A man shot dead his wife, three children and his mother, before killing himself.[44]
3 March 1982 Tweed Heads, New South Wales 7[n 1] 0 7 A man armed with a semi-automatic rifle shot and killed a family of six before committing suicide.[45]
24 September 1981 Campsie, New South Wales 6[n 1] 1 7 A man shot his wife and five children with a pair of rifles before committing suicide. One of the children survived.[46]
14 October 1979 South Yarra, Victoria 0 4 4 A man shot and wounded four people at a theatre. The perpetrator later walked into Camberwell Police Station and gave himself up.[47]
22 September 1976 Spring Hill, Brisbane 2 4 6 1976 Spring Hill shooting: A man shot two dead and wounded four others on Boundary Street, Spring Hill, Brisbane in a random shooting. He was captured by heavily armed police later at a house where he was holding 5 people hostage.[48]
12 November 1975 Toowoomba, Queensland 6[n 1] 0 6 A depressed man used a .22-calibre rifle to kill his wife, three sons and a daughter, before committing suicide.[49]
6 September 1971 Hope Forest, South Australia 10 0 10 Hope Forest shooting: A man shot dead his wife, their seven children, his wife's sister-in-law and her son with a .22-calibre rifle.[50]
15 December 1969 Greenwich, New South Wales 3[n 1] 1 4 A Finnish immigrant killed his wife and daughter and wounded his son, before shooting himself.[51]
28 June 1962 Collingwood, Victoria 4 0 4 Four people were found shot dead at a home. A 26-year-old man surrendered the following day.[52]
24 July 1959 Shepparton, Victoria 0 5[n 1] 5 An Italian man armed with a shotgun shot and wounded four people including a police constable. He was arrested after accidentally shooting himself.[53]
18 February 1957 Brisbane, Queensland 7[n 1] 1 8 A man shot and killed six people and wounded another one before committing suicide. The perpetrator first battered his wife and daughter to death and set them on fire, before taking his gun to a house across the street to kill a friend's wife, two children and family friend.[54]
6 August 1955 Ivanhoe East, Victoria 2[n 1] 4 7 A man shot and killed one person and wounded four others with a pistol before committing suicide.[55]
1 August 1951 Beenak, Victoria 4[n 1] 0 4 A man shot and killed his sister and brother-in-law before walking to a post office, killing another sister, and killing himself.[56]
2 July 1948 Glen Innes, New South Wales 6 0 6 A man shot and killed his six children before being arrested and sentenced to death.[57]
29 August 1946 Waterloo, New South Wales 2 4 6 Two people were killed and four others wounded at a house known for underworld crime. Nine people were arrested.[58]
17 September 1945 Paddington, New South Wales 2 2 4 Two people were killed and two others wounded in a home.[59]
29 October 1938 Frankston, Victoria 1[n 1] 3 4 A man shot and wounded three people with a pistol at a dance hall before killing himself. One of the wounded girls had previously rejected the perpetrator's romantic gestures, which had led to the perpetrator making threats to shoot her.[60]
21 August 1931 Perth, Western Australia 7[n 1] 0 7 A man shot and killed his wife and five children before committing suicide.[61]
30 September 1929 Palmyra, Western Australia 3[n 1] 4 7 A retired farmer shot and wounded four people at a house before killing two other people and himself.[62]
1 November 1928 Rockdale, New South Wales 2 3[n 1] 5 A man entered a home and started firing, killing two women and wounding two other people before attempting suicide.[63]
19 July 1928 Bendigo, Victoria 4[n 1] 0 4 A man killed three people (his wife and two others) in a house before setting the home on fire and committing suicide.[64]
14 January 1927 Kyogle, New South Wales 0 4[n 1] 4 Four people (three men and one woman) were shot and wounded in a targeted attack. Five men were arrested, including one of the injured.[65]
4 September 1926 Bundaberg, Queensland 3 2 5 A man killed his two children and father-in-law, attempted to kill his wife and wounded one other person with a revolver before walking outside and being arrested.[66]
30 August 1926 Sydney, New South Wales 5 0 5 Five people were killed in a domestic violence incident. A father shot his wife, three children, and himself.[67]
14 December 1924 near Cessnock, New South Wales 1[n 1] 3 4 A man walked around firing at people, wounding three before committing suicide.[68]
10 February 1924 Jingellic, New South Wales 1 3 4 A man shot into a crowd at a picnic, killing one person and wounding three others.[69]
23 January 1924 Melbourne, Victoria 4 1 5 A man opened fire at a botanical garden with a rifle, killing four and wounding one.[70]
22 March 1921 Riverton, South Australia 0 5 5 A man armed with a revolver shot and wounded five people at Riverton railway station.[71]
1–2 June 1919 Sydney, New South Wales 1[n 1] 17 18 A Chinese man armed with two revolvers and smoke bombs opened fire at random as he roamed the streets, wounding seventeen people. He was killed by an armed citizen.[72]
1 January 1915 Broken Hill, New South Wales 6[n 1] 7 13 Battle of Broken Hill: Two men shot dead four people and wounded seven more before being killed by police and military officers.
2 May 1913 Ballarat, Victoria 2[n 1] 2 4 A man shot his wife and two children, killing one, before committing suicide.[73]
25 September 1912 Alexandria, New South Wales 0 4[n 1] 4 A man shot and wounded three people in the street before being injured and arrested.[74]
17 July 1912 Shark Bay, Western Australia 3[n 1] 2 5 A Filipino seaman shot and killed two people and wounded two others before being shot dead.[75]
16 November 1911 Mackay, Queensland 4 0 4 Ching family murders: A man killed a family of six. Four of the victims were killed with firearms.
6 October 1903 Hay, New South Wales 0 4 4 A teenager carrying a shotgun shot and wounded four children, allegedly by accident.[76]

19th century

Date Location Dead Injured Total Description
8 February 1898 Glen Osmond, South Australia 4[n 1] 1 5 A man armed with a revolver shot and killed his wife and two children, wounded another child and then committed suicide.[77][78]
19 December 1897 Ashfield, New South Wales 0 4 4 Four children were shot and wounded as they trespassed. A man was remanded into custody.[79]
17 August 1888 South Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 4[n 1] 0 4 A man shot and killed his three children and himself.[80]
3 January 1871 Forest Reefs, New South Wales 3 1 4 A man shot and killed his wife, mother-in-law and father-in-law, and wounded another person, during a domestic violence incident.[81]
9 January 1867 Jindera, New South Wales 4 0 4 A gang of men shot and killed four police special constables.[82]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Including the perpetrator or suspect

References

  1. ^ "Wieambilla shooting: Australia police ambush deemed religious terror attack". BBC. 16 February 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  2. ^ "Three people dead after shooting in Bogie in north Queensland, man flown to Mackay Base Hospital in serious condition". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 4 August 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  3. ^ "Darwin shooting: Banned shotgun used in four killings, police say". BBC. 5 June 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  4. ^ "Two men found guilty of murder over 2019 Melbourne nightclub shooting, co-accused guilty of hiding weapon". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 28 April 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  5. ^ "7 dead in what may be Australia's worst mass shooting in 22 years". CBS News. 11 May 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  6. ^ "Brighton siege: man charged as police conduct raids in Melbourne's north-west". The Guardian. 10 June 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  7. ^ "Sydney shootings: two charged after gunman takes hostages". The Guardian. 7 March 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  8. ^ "Sydney siege: The final minutes of the Lindt Cafe hostage situation". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 29 May 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  9. ^ "Hunt family murders: witness describes tense final night at farm". Sydney Morning Herald. 7 October 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  10. ^ "Four men shot in Smithfield, Sydney, known to police". The Daily Telegraph. 27 April 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  11. ^ "Triple killer facing detention for life". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 17 May 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  12. ^ "Police investigate Melbourne murder-suicide". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 11 April 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  13. ^ "Gypsy Jokers bikie boss shot in Jandakot". WAtoday. 19 May 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  14. ^ "'Bikie argument' sparked nightclub shooting". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2 June 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  15. ^ "Police task force investigates fatal cafe shooting". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 1 November 2005. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  16. ^ "Mum shoots dead her family". New Zealand Herald. 21 March 2005. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  17. ^ "From the Archives, 2002: Two die in Monash University shooting frenzy". The Age. 20 October 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  18. ^ "Police yet to discover what sparked Cabramatta shooting". The Age. 27 May 2002. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  19. ^ "Wright St. Shooting". Crime Stoppers South Australia. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  20. ^ "A sign of despair in regional Australia: police siege ends in suicide". World Socialist Web Site. 6 November 1999. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  21. ^ "Real Crocodile Dundee shot dead after rampage". The Guardian. 5 August 1999. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  22. ^ "Innocent tell of gun horror" (PDF). NewsNow. 20 June 2000. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  23. ^ "Life in Supermax and the Hellfire massacre: Kon Georgiou tells all". News.com.au. 8 August 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  24. ^ "Officer recalls gunshots and 'flying bodies' 25 years on from Mackay outlaw bikie gang shootout". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 31 August 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  25. ^ "Gunman kills at least 34 in Australia". CNN. 29 April 1996. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  26. ^ "Inside nine of Australia's worst modern mass shootings". news.som.au. 2 February 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  27. ^ "1 dead, 3 wounded in snowfields tragedy". Canberra Times. 23 June 1994. p. 1. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  28. ^ "The Central Coast massacre: 25 years on". The Daily Telegraph. 26 October 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  29. ^ "From the Archives, 1991: The Strathfield massacre". The Sydney Morning Herald. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  30. ^ "Family of four shot". Canberra Times. 5 October 1990. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  31. ^ "Recent random mass shootings in Australia". The Sydney Morning Herald. 21 October 2002. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  32. ^ "Psychiatric test for man after shooting spree". Canberra Times. 10 April 1990. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  33. ^ "Murder, suicide". Canberra Times. 13 March 1990. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  34. ^ "Shootings blamed on sexual assault by teacher". Canberra Times. 6 October 1990. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  35. ^ Bradley, Zarisha. "Mass murderer who shot his wife, their children and her parents released on parole". Nine News. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  36. ^ "Three die in sniper attack at fruit farm". Canberra Times. 28 December 1987. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  37. ^ "SA murder charges dismissed". Canberra Times. 7 September 1989. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  38. ^ "30 years on from the Queen Street Massacre". The Age. 7 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  39. ^ "Spurned Suitor Kills Five Members of Family, Self".
  40. ^ "Melbourne's Hoddle St massacre 35 years on". The Canberra Times. 9 August 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  41. ^ "Richard Maddrell Massacre Pymble 1987". Faifaxsyndication.com. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  42. ^ "Four in family shot". Canberra Times. 13 February 1986. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  43. ^ "From the Archives, 1984: The Milperra bikie massacre". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2 September 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  44. ^ "Man killed his family to spare them 'disgrace'". The Sydney Morning Herald. 26 June 1984.
  45. ^ Seven shot, The Age (March 4, 1982)
    Killer of family had passion for weapons, The Sydney Morning Herald (March 5, 1982)
    No link to 'Balaclava' in killings, Canberra Times (March 5, 1982)
  46. ^ "Daoud got gun licence from Campsie police". The Sydney Morning Herald. 7 October 1981. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  47. ^ "Gunman injures four at theatre". The Sydney Morning Herald. 15 October 1979. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  48. ^ "The Sydney Morning Herald – Google News Archive Search". google.com. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  49. ^ "Man kills family, self". Canberra Times. 14 November 1975. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  50. ^ "10 SHOT DEAD - Husband is charged with wife's murder". The Canberra Times. 7 September 1971. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  51. ^ "Suomalainen ampui perheen Australiassa". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 27 December 1969. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  52. ^ "Man Charged With Four Murders". Canberra Times. 29 January 1962. p. 6. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  53. ^ "Armed Man Caught After Gun Battle; 3 Shot in Orchards". The Age. 25 July 1959. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  54. ^ "Crazed migrant shoots six, then self". The Age. 19 February 1957. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  55. ^ "Berserk Man Shoots 5 And Suicides". Daily News. 6 August 1955. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  56. ^ "Four People Shot Dead". Central Queensland Herald. 2 August 1951. p. 15. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  57. ^ "Killer of 6 convicted". The Sydney Morning Herald. 1 September 1948. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  58. ^ "Man, Girl Shot Dead". National Advocate. 30 August 1946. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  59. ^ "Man Wins Gun Case Appeal". Daily Mirror. 4 September 1946. p. 4. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  60. ^ "Shots in Dance Hall". Advocate. 31 October 1938. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  61. ^ "Family tragedy". The Sydney Morning Herald. 22 August 1931. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  62. ^ "Shot Whole Family". Daily Telegraph. 2 October 1929. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  63. ^ "Shot Four People". Daily News. 1 November 1928. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  64. ^ "Bendigo Tragedy". Sunday Times. 22 July 1928. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  65. ^ "Four People Shot". Casino and Kyogle Courier and North Coast Advertiser. 19 January 1927. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  66. ^ "Wholesale Murder". Examiner. 8 October 1926. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  67. ^ "Domestic Tragedy". Evening Star. No. 19341. 30 August 1926. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  68. ^ "Man Runs Amok". News. 15 December 1924. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  69. ^ "Jingellie Reign of Terror". Daily Telegraph. 13 February 1924. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  70. ^ "Melbourne's 1924 Botanic Gardens Massacre exposes Australia's chilling mass shooting legacy". news.com.au. 6 January 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  71. ^ "Shooting Sensation at Riverton". Burra Record. 23 March 1921. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  72. ^ "Shooting Sensation". Zeehan and Dundas Herald. 3 June 1919. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  73. ^ "Shocking Tragedy". Glen Innes Examiner. 5 May 1913. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  74. ^ "Four People Shot". Sun. 26 September 1912. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  75. ^ "Shot In Self-Defence". Argus. 19 July 1912. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  76. ^ "A Shooting Sensation". Daily Mail. 7 October 1903. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  77. ^ "A Treble Tragedy". The Ballarat Star. 9 February 1898. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  78. ^ "Glen Osmond Tragedy". The Inquirer and Commercial News. 18 February 1898. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  79. ^ "A Shooting Sensation". Australian Star. 20 December 1897. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  80. ^ "A Ghastly Tragedy". Evening News. 18 August 1888. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  81. ^ "The Murders at Forest Reefs". The Sydney Morning Herald. 10 January 1871. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  82. ^ "Worst mass murder of police in Australian history remembered". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 9 January 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
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