Tiger reserves of India
The tiger reserves in India were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. As of March 2024, there are 55 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves. As of 2023, there were 3,682 wild tigers in India, which is almost 75% of the world's wild tiger population.
Goal
As per the section 38 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, the state governments are responsible preparing a Tiger Conservation Plan which includes planning and management of notified areas and maintaining the requisite competent staff to ensure the protection of the tiger reserve and providing inputs for maintaining a viable population of tigers, co-predators and prey animals.[1][2]
Tiger population
In 2006, it was estimated that there were 1,411 tigers living in the wild, the lowest ever recorded.[3] The 2010 National Tiger Assessment estimated the total population of wild tigers in India at 1,706. As per Ministry of Environment and Forests, the wild tiger population in India stood at 2,226 in 2014 with an increase of 30.5% since the 2010 estimate.[4] In 2018, according to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, there were an estimated 2,967 wild tigers in existence in India. The wild tiger population increased to 3,167 in 2022 and further to 3,682 in 2023.[5][6][7] As India is home to majority of the global wild tiger population, the increase in population of tigers in India played a major role in driving up global populations as well; the number of wild tigers globally rose from 3,159 in 2010 to 3,890 in 2016 according to World Wildlife Fund and Global Tiger Forum.[8]
Tiger reserves
Tiger reserves were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. In 1973, nine protected areas were initially designated as tiger reserves. As of March 2024, there are 55 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves.[1]
| Name | Established | State | Tiger population (2023)[7] | Core area (km2) | Buffer area (km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bandipur | 1973–74 | Karnataka | 150 | 868.63 | 584.06 |
| Corbett | 1973–74 | Uttarakhand | 260 | 1,318.54 | 466.32 |
| Kanha | 1973–74 | Madhya Pradesh | 105 | 917.43 | 1,134.36 |
| Manas | 1973–74 | Assam | 58 | 526.22 | 2,310.88 |
| Melghat | 1973–74 | Maharashtra | 57 | 1,500.49 | 1,268.03 |
| Palamau | 1973–74 | Jharkhand | 1 | 414.08 | 715.85 |
| Ranthambore | 1973–74 | Rajasthan | 57 | 1,333.36 | 297.92 |
| Similipal | 1973–74 | Odisha | 16 | 1,194.75 | 1,555.25 |
| Sunderbans | 1973–74 | West Bengal | 100 | 1,699.62 | 885.27 |
| Periyar | 1978–79 | Kerala | 30 | 881 | 44.00 |
| Sariska | 1978–79 | Rajasthan | 19 | 881.11 | 332.23 |
| Buxa | 1982–83 | West Bengal | 1 | 390.58 | 367.32 |
| Indravati | 1982–83 | Chhattisgarh | 1 | 1,258.37 | 1,540.70 |
| Namdapha | 1982–83 | Arunachal Pradesh | 1 | 1807.82 | 245.00 |
| Dudhwa | 1987–88 | Uttar Pradesh | 135 | 1,093.79 | 1,107.98 |
| Kalakad-Mundanthurai | 1988–89 | Tamil Nadu | 5 | 895.00 | 706.54 |
| Valmiki | 1989–90 | Bihar | 54 | 598.45 | 300.93 |
| Pench | 1992–93 | Madhya Pradesh | 77 | 411.33 | 768.30 |
| Tadoba-Andhari | 1993–94 | Maharashtra | 97 | 625.82 | 1,101.77 |
| Bandhavgarh | 1993–94 | Madhya Pradesh | 135 | 716.9 | 820.03 |
| Panna | 1994–95 | Madhya Pradesh | 55 | 576.13 | 1,021.97 |
| Dampa | 1994–95 | Mizoram | 0 | 500.00 | 488.00 |
| Bhadra | 1998–99 | Karnataka | 28 | 492.46 | 571.83 |
| Pench-MH | 1998–99 | Maharashtra | 48 | 257.26 | 483.96 |
| Pakke | 1999–2000 | Arunachal Pradesh | 6 | 683.45 | 515.00 |
| Nameri | 1999–2000 | Assam | 3 | 320.00 | 144.00 |
| Satpura | 1999–2000 | Madhya Pradesh | 50 | 1,339.26 | 794.04 |
| Anamalai | 2008–09 | Tamil Nadu | 16 | 958.59 | 521.28 |
| Sitanadi | 2008–09 | Chhattisgarh | 1 | 851.09 | 991.45 |
| Satkosia | 2008–09 | Odisha | 0 | 523.61 | 440.26 |
| Kaziranga | 2008–09 | Assam | 104 | 625.58 | 548.00 |
| Achanakmar | 2008–09 | Chhattisgarh | 5 | 626.19 | 287.82 |
| Kali | 2008–09 | Karnataka | 17 | 814.88 | 282.63 |
| Sanjay Dhubri | 2008–09 | Madhya Pradesh | 16 | 812.57 | 861.93 |
| Mudumalai | 2007 | Tamil Nadu | 114 | 321.00 | 367.59 |
| Nagarhole | 2008–09 | Karnataka | 141 | 643.35 | 562.41 |
| Parambikulam | 2008–09 | Kerala | 31 | 390.89 | 252.77 |
| Sahyadri | 2009–10 | Maharashtra | 0 | 612.00 | 565.45 |
| Biligiri Ranganatha Temple | 2010–11 | Karnataka | 37 | 359.10 | 215.72 |
| Kawal | 2012–13 | Telangana | 0 | 892.23 | 1,123.21 |
| Sathyamangalam | 2013–14 | Tamil Nadu | 85 | 793.49 | 614.91 |
| Mukandra Hills | 2013–14 | Rajasthan | 1 | 717.17 | 342.82 |
| Nawegaon | 2013–14 | Maharashtra | 11 | 653.67 | 1,241.27 |
| Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam | 1982–83 | Andhra Pradesh | 58 | 2,595.72 | 700.59 |
| Amrabad | 2014 | Telangana | 12 | 2,611.4 | 445.02 |
| Pilibhit | 2014 | Uttar Pradesh | 63 | 602.79 | 127.45 |
| Bor | 2014 | Maharashtra | 9 | 138.12 | 678.15 |
| Rajaji | 2015 | Uttarakhand | 54 | 819.54 | 255.63 |
| Orang | 2016 | Assam | 16 | 79.28 | 413.18 |
| Kamlang | 2016 | Arunachal Pradesh | 0 | 771.00 | 112.00 |
| Srivilliputhur–Megamalai | 2021 | Tamil Nadu | 12 | 641.86 | 374.70 |
| Ramgarh Vishdhari | 2022 | Rajasthan | 1 | 481.90 | 1,019.98 |
| Ranipur | 2022 | Uttar Pradesh | NA | 230.31 | 299.05 |
| Veerangana Durgavati | 2023 | Madhya Pradesh | NA | 1,414.00 | 925.12 |
| Dholpur-Karauli | 2023 | Rajasthan | NA | 599.64 | 0 |
- Amangarh Tiger Reserve in Uttar Pradesh is a buffer zone of Jim Corbett National Park and may not be regarded as a separate tiger reserve. It has a buffer zone of 80.6 km2 (31.1 sq mi) but no core area of critical tiger habitat.[10][11]
References
- ^ a b c Tiger reserves (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ "Project Tiger" (PDF). Government of India. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- ^ "India's tiger population sees 33% increase". BBC. 2019.
- ^ "Tiger Estimate in India" (PDF). Public Information Brochure. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. 28 March 2011. p. 9. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
- ^ "India's tiger population tops 3,000, shows census". The Hindu. 9 April 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
- ^ "India has 3,682 tigers, 75% of the global numbers". The Indian Express. 30 July 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ a b Status of tiger (PDF) (Report). Government of India. 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ "2967 – What the new global Tiger number means". WWF. 2016.
- ^ MEE summary report (PDF) (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ "Tiger Reserves". Wildlife Institute of India. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ "Tiger Reserves". National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
