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List of islands by population density

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The following is a list of islands, sorted by population density, and including islands that are connected to other land masses by a route other than sea or air, such as a bridge or a tunnel.

Continental landmasses

Continental landmasses are not usually classified as islands despite being completely surrounded by water. Nevertheless, for the purposes of this list, mainland Australia along with the other major landmasses have been listed as continental landmasses for comparison. The figures are approximations and are for the four major continental landmasses only.[Note 1]

Rank Continental landmass[Note 2] Area (km2) Population Population density (per km2
1 Afro-Eurasia 79,810,726[Note 3] 6.7 billion (2019) 78.5
2 Americas 37,699,623[Note 4] 1.02 billion[3] 22.67
3 Australia[Note 5] 7,591,608[Note 6] 25,887,383 3.41
4 Antarctica 12,272,800[Note 7] 1,300 to 5,100 (seasonal) 0.00009 to 0.00036 (seasonal)

Most densely populated islands (over 1,000 people per km2)

Accurate density estimates for the very small islands (< 1 km2) are hard to obtain because population as well as landmass are often only estimates. Additionally, the populations of these islands are often highly transient, with many residents also maintaining a residence on a larger landmass and only living on the island seasonally.

Island Country or
territory		 Surrounded by Population Area
km2		 Density
(per km2)		 Coordinates
Caye Sable  Haiti Gulf of Gonâve 250 0.0016 156,250 18°41′42″N 72°45′47″W / 18.69500°N 72.76306°W / 18.69500; -72.76306
Ilet a Brouee[8]  Haiti Caribbean Sea 500 0.004 125,000 18°07′42″N 73°35′26″W / 18.12833°N 73.59056°W / 18.12833; -73.59056
Shibaura Island (Tokyo)  Japan Tokyo Bay 10,000 0.1 76,923 35°38′21″N 139°45′04″E / 35.63917°N 139.75111°E / 35.63917; 139.75111
Terong Island (Batam)  Indonesia South China Sea 3,000 0.04 75,000 0°56′49″N 103°45′55″E / 0.94694°N 103.76528°E / 0.94694; 103.76528
Panggang Island (Kepulauan Seribu)  Indonesia Java Sea 6,440 (2022 estimate) 0.09 71,555 5°44′19″S 106°36′01″E / 5.73861°S 106.60028°E / -5.73861; 106.60028
Pajenekang Island  Indonesia Makassar Strait 2,700 0.04 67,500 4°58′09″S 119°19′40″E / 4.96917°S 119.32778°E / -4.96917; 119.32778
Migingo Island  Kenya Lake Victoria 131 (2009) 0.002 65,500 0°52′59″S 33°56′20″E / 0.88306°S 33.93889°E / -0.88306; 33.93889
Caubian Gamay
(Lapu-Lapu City)[9]		  Philippines Camotes Sea 2,429[10] 0.04 60,725 10°16′38″N 124°10′10″E / 10.27722°N 124.16944°E / 10.27722; 124.16944
Ap Lei Chau  Hong Kong Aberdeen Channel,
East Lamma Channel		 79,586[11] 1.32 60,496 22°14′30″N 114°9′20″E / 22.24167°N 114.15556°E / 22.24167; 114.15556
Navotas Island  Philippines Manila Bay,
Tullahan River		 117,196 1.95 60,100 14°39′49″N 120°56′35″E / 14.66361°N 120.94306°E / 14.66361; 120.94306
Ile de Fadiouth
(Joal-Fadiouth)		  Senegal Atlantic Ocean 9,000 0.15 60,000 14°9′9″N 16°49′24″W / 14.15250°N 16.82333°W / 14.15250; -16.82333
Manubul  Philippines Celebes Sea 7,644 0.13 58,800 5°28′18″N 120°47′58″E / 5.47167°N 120.79944°E / 5.47167; 120.79944
Malé  Maldives Indian Ocean 109,498[12] 1.952 56,095 4°10′30″N 73°30′32″E / 4.17500°N 73.50889°E / 4.17500; 73.50889
Binuangan  Philippines Manila Bay 5,045 0.09 56,055 14°42′59″N 120°54′23″E / 14.71639°N 120.90639°E / 14.71639; 120.90639
Dawahon  Philippines Canigao Channel 3,230[13] 0.06 53,833 10°15′51″N 124°37′01″E / 10.26417°N 124.61694°E / 10.26417; 124.61694
Nasingin  Philippines Camotes Sea 2,115 0.04 52,875 10°10′49″N 124°8′7″E / 10.18028°N 124.13528°E / 10.18028; 124.13528
Sitangkai Island[14]  Philippines Celebes Sea 15,255 0.3 50,850 4°39′43″N 119°23′34″E / 4.66194°N 119.39278°E / 4.66194; 119.39278
Nocnocan  Philippines Camotes Sea 1,785 0.04 44,625 10°14′45″N 124°24′14″E / 10.24583°N 124.40389°E / 10.24583; 124.40389
Baba
(Karachi)		  Pakistan Karachi Harbour 6,600 0.15 44,000 24°49′26″N 66°57′38″E / 24.82389°N 66.96056°E / 24.82389; 66.96056
Ebeye  Marshall Islands Pacific Ocean 15,000[15] 0.36 41,666 8°46′49″N 167°44′14″E / 8.78028°N 167.73722°E / 8.78028; 167.73722
Bungin Island[16][17][18]  Indonesia Bali Sea 3,500 0.085 41,176 8°28′38″S 116°59′42″E / 8.47722°S 116.99500°E / -8.47722; 116.99500
Pugad  Philippines Manila Bay 1,636 0.04 40,900 14°46′03″N 120°44′31″E / 14.76750°N 120.74194°E / 14.76750; 120.74194
Santa Cruz del Islote[19]  Colombia Caribbean Sea 485 0.012 40,417 9°47′9″N 75°51′33″W / 9.78583°N 75.85917°W / 9.78583; -75.85917
Sanane Island  Indonesia Makassar Strait 2,000 (2022 estimate) 0.05 40,000 4°56′46″S 119°20′29″E / 4.94611°S 119.34139°E / -4.94611; 119.34139
Bilangbilangan  Philippines Cebu Strait 471 0.012 39,250 9°59′15″N 123°52′56″E / 9.98750°N 123.88222°E / 9.98750; 123.88222
Lamputang Island  Indonesia Makassar Strait 750 (approx.) 0.02 37,500 4°50′45″S 119°20′35″E / 4.84583°S 119.34306°E / -4.84583; 119.34306
Badi Island  Indonesia Makassar Strait 2,906 (2007) 0.08 36,325 4°58′03″S 119°17′14″E / 4.96750°S 119.28722°E / -4.96750; 119.28722
Mormaquetupu  Panama Caribbean Sea 433[20] 0.012 36,083 9°27′12″N 78°51′12″W / 9.45333°N 78.85333°W / 9.45333; -78.85333
Bhit
(Karachi)		  Pakistan Karachi Harbour 5,400 0.16 33,750 24°49′3″N 66°57′49″E / 24.81750°N 66.96361°E / 24.81750; 66.96361
Pandanon  Philippines Camotes Sea 2,362 0.07 33,743 10°10′48″N 124°5′6″E / 10.18000°N 124.08500°E / 10.18000; 124.08500
Mocaboc  Philippines Cebu Strait 670 0.02 33,500 10°4′16″N 123°55′40″E / 10.07111°N 123.92778°E / 10.07111; 123.92778
Mandinga Ubigantupu  Panama Caribbean Sea 361 0.011 32,818 9°30′20″N 79°02′23″W / 9.50556°N 79.03972°W / 9.50556; -79.03972
Cuaming  Philippines Cebu Strait 3,263 0.10 32,632 10°6′45″N 123°59′13″E / 10.11250°N 123.98694°E / 10.11250; 123.98694
Narvagandub Bibbi  Panama Caribbean Sea 418 0.013 32,153 9°27′30″N 79°1′17″W / 9.45833°N 79.02139°W / 9.45833; -79.02139
Ukupseni  Panama Caribbean Sea 1,849 0.06 30,817 9°18′42″N 78°13′54″W / 9.31167°N 78.23167°W / 9.31167; -78.23167
Pulau Lae-Lae  Indonesia Makassar Strait 2,000 0.065 30,769 5°08′14″S 119°23′31″E / 5.13722°S 119.39194°E / -5.13722; 119.39194
Pala Island  Indonesia Makassar Strait 600 (approx.) 0.02 30,000 4°48′07″S 119°19′54″E / 4.80194°S 119.33167°E / -4.80194; 119.33167
Mirya Ubgigandub  Panama Caribbean Sea 896 0.03 29,867 9°26′47″N 78°54′00″W / 9.44639°N 78.90000°W / 9.44639; -78.90000
Neft Daşları  Azerbaijan Caspian Sea 2,000 (2008) 0.07 28,571
Rio Sidra  Panama Caribbean Sea 856 0.03 28,533 9°27′7″N 78°49′57″W / 9.45194°N 78.83250°W / 9.45194; -78.83250
Manhattan
(New York City)		  United States Hudson River, East River,
Harlem River, New York Harbor		 1,694,251 59.47 28,497 40°43′40″N 73°59′40″W / 40.72778°N 73.99444°W / 40.72778; -73.99444
Pulau Barrang Lompo  Indonesia Makassar Strait 5,547 (2018) 0.195 28,446 5°02′55″S 119°19′44″E / 5.04861°S 119.32889°E / -5.04861; 119.32889
Pangapasan  Philippines Cebu Strait 567 0.02 28,350 9°59′52″N 123°56′26″E / 9.99778°N 123.94056°E / 9.99778; 123.94056
Mombasa Island  Kenya Indian Ocean, Tudor Creek, Kilindini Harbour 147,983[21] 5.3 27,921 4°3′18″S 39°39′48″E / 4.05500°S 39.66333°E / -4.05500; 39.66333
Nagarao  Philippines Visayan Sea 833 0.03 27,766 11°49′6″N 123°50′42″E / 11.81833°N 123.84500°E / 11.81833; 123.84500
Bontosua Island  Indonesia Makassar Strait 1,109 0.04 27,725 4°55′40″S 119°19′14″E / 4.92778°S 119.32056°E / -4.92778; 119.32056
Guanaja  Honduras Caribbean Sea 1,622[22] 0.06 27,033 16°26′30″N 85°53′14″W / 16.44167°N 85.88722°W / 16.44167; -85.88722
Lagos Island  Nigeria Lagos Lagoon 212,700 (2006) 9.26 26,955

6°27′12″N 3°24′27″E / 6.45333°N 3.40750°E / 6.45333; 3.40750

Naranjos Grandes  Panama Caribbean Sea 528 0.02 26,400 9°27′40″N 79°01′34″W / 9.46111°N 79.02611°W / 9.46111; -79.02611
Harapan Island (Kepulauan Seribu)  Indonesia Java Sea 2,580 (2022 estimate) 0.1 25,800 5°39′12″S 106°34′41″E / 5.65333°S 106.57806°E / -5.65333; 106.57806
Carti Mulatupu  Panama Caribbean Sea 502 0.02 25,100 9°28′04″N 78°56′57″W / 9.46778°N 78.94917°W / 9.46778; -78.94917
Sarappo Lompo Island  Indonesia Makassar Strait 2,500 0.1 25,000 4°52′52″S 119°15′59″E / 4.88111°S 119.26639°E / -4.88111; 119.26639
Arwad  Syria Mediterranean Sea 5,000 0.2 25,000 34°51′22″N 35°51′32″E / 34.85611°N 35.85889°E / 34.85611; 35.85889
Calituban  Philippines Camotes Sea 3,738 0.15 24,920 10°14′36″N 124°17′43″E / 10.24333°N 124.29528°E / 10.24333; 124.29528
Salsette Island
(Mumbai)		  India Ulhas River, Vasai Creek,
Thane Creek, Arabian Sea		 15,111,974 619 24,414 19°12′N 72°54′E / 19.200°N 72.900°E / 19.200; 72.900
Pulau Barrang Caddi  Indonesia Makassar Strait 1,263 0.052 24,288 5°04′52″S 119°19′13″E / 5.08111°S 119.32028°E / -5.08111; 119.32028
Tiga Island  Indonesia Banda Sea 900 (estimate) 0.038 23,684 3°21′45″S 122°35′31″E / 3.36250°S 122.59194°E / -3.36250; 122.59194
Villingili
(Malé) 		 Maldives Indian Ocean 7,516 0.318 23,635 4°10′25″N 73°29′5″E / 4.17361°N 73.48472°E / 4.17361; 73.48472
Nedungad
(Kochi)		  India 20,000 0.85 (est.) 23,529
Bagongbanwa  Philippines Cebu Strait 1,172 0.05 23,440 10°3′18″N 123°53′57″E / 10.05500°N 123.89917°E / 10.05500; 123.89917
Mambacayao Gamay  Philippines Tañon Strait
Visayan Sea		 1,400 0.06 23,333 11°2′0″N 123°35′23″E / 11.03333°N 123.58972°E / 11.03333; 123.58972
Cartí Sugtupu  Panama Caribbean Sea 927 0.04 23,175 9°28′13″N 78°57′39″W / 9.47028°N 78.96083°W / 9.47028; -78.96083
Arritupu  Panama Caribbean Sea 332 0.015 22,133 9°30′04″N 79°01′35″W / 9.50111°N 79.02639°W / 9.50111; -79.02639
Podangpodang Lompo Island  Indonesia Makassar Strait 880 0.04 22,000 4°53′12″S 119°20′24″E / 4.88667°S 119.34000°E / -4.88667; 119.34000
Cartí Tupile  Panama Caribbean Sea 439 0.02 21,950 9°28′35″N 78°57′38″W / 9.47639°N 78.96056°W / 9.47639; -78.96056
Île Saint-Louis
(Paris)		  France Seine River 2,323 0.11 21,118 48°51′6″N 2°21′23″E / 48.85167°N 2.35639°E / 48.85167; 2.35639
Lilla Essingen
(Stockholm)		  Sweden Mälaren 4,831 0.23 21,004 59°19′30″N 18°0′15″E / 59.32500°N 18.00417°E / 59.32500; 18.00417
Haizhu
(Guangzhou) 		 China Pearl River 1,528,812 (2010) 75.4 20,276
Ubay Island  Philippines Cebu Strait 223 0.011 20,272 10°1′29″N 123°58′0″E / 10.02472°N 123.96667°E / 10.02472; 123.96667
Samaringa Island  Indonesia Banda Sea 1,000 (estimate) 0.05 20,000 3°23′15″S 122°49′01″E / 3.38750°S 122.81694°E / -3.38750; 122.81694
Victory Island  Philippines Leyte Gulf 598 0.03 19,933 11°2′47″N 125°37′4″E / 11.04639°N 125.61778°E / 11.04639; 125.61778
Roosevelt Island
(New York City)		  United States East River 11,661 (2010) 0.6 19,580
Nusatupu  Panama Caribbean Sea 388 0.02 19,400 9°26′50″N 78°49′49″W / 9.44722°N 78.83028°W / 9.44722; -78.83028
Corazón de Jesús  Panama Caribbean Sea 574 0.03 19,133 9°26′47″N 78°34′59″W / 9.44639°N 78.58306°W / 9.44639; -78.58306
Tsing Yi  Hong Kong Rambler Channel, Ma Wan Channel,
Victoria Harbour		 200,400 (2007) 10.69 18,746 22°20′44″N 114°6′0″E / 22.34556°N 114.10000°E / 22.34556; 114.10000
Vasilyevsky Island
(Saint Petersburg)		  Russia Gulf of Finland
Neva River		 202,650 10.9 18,592
Mulatupo  Panama Caribbean Sea 1,654 0.09 18,377 8°56′46″N 77°45′3″W / 8.94611°N 77.75083°W / 8.94611; -77.75083
Djarrit  Marshall Islands Pacific Ocean 7,103 0.389 18,260
Wichub Huala  Panama Caribbean Sea 365 0.02 18,250 9°33′10″N 78°57′07″W / 9.55278°N 78.95194°W / 9.55278; -78.95194
Île de la Jatte
(Grand Paris)		  France Seine River 1,817 0.10 17,761 48°53′43″N 2°16′1″E / 48.89528°N 2.26694°E / 48.89528; 2.26694
Corbiski  Panama Caribbean Sea 266 0.015 17,733 9°32′53″N 78°57′50″W / 9.54806°N 78.96389°W / 9.54806; -78.96389
Ailigandí  Panama Caribbean Sea 1,408 0.08 17,600 9°13′42″N 78°1′40″W / 9.22833°N 78.02778°W / 9.22833; -78.02778
Tubualá  Panama Caribbean Sea 877 0.05 17,540 8°55′15″N 77°43′26″W / 8.92083°N 77.72389°W / 8.92083; -77.72389
Södermalm
(Stockholm)		  Sweden Mälaren, Baltic Sea 99,685 5.71 17,458
San Ignacio de Tupile  Panama Caribbean Sea 1,192 0.07 17,028 9°17′42″N 78°9′16″W / 9.29500°N 78.15444°W / 9.29500; -78.15444
Laminusa  Philippines Celebes Sea 12,830 0.78 16,449 5°33′3″N 120°55′12″E / 5.55083°N 120.92000°E / 5.55083; 120.92000
Mantatao  Philippines Cebu Strait 972 0.06 16,200 9°56′34″N 123°51′17″E / 9.94278°N 123.85472°E / 9.94278; 123.85472
South Mangsee  Philippines Balabac Strait 7,719 0.48 16,081 7°30′35″N 117°18′44″E / 7.50972°N 117.31222°E / 7.50972; 117.31222
Hong Kong Island  Hong Kong Victoria Harbour,
South China Sea		 1,289,500 80.4 16,038
Sisak Island
(Sisak)[citation needed]		  Croatia Kupa 15,897 1.1 15,897
Achutupo  Panama Caribbean Sea 1,586 0.10 15,860 9°11′56″N 77°59′12″W / 9.19889°N 77.98667°W / 9.19889; -77.98667
Narganá  Panama Caribbean Sea 1,215 0.08 15,187 9°26′40″N 78°35′8″W / 9.44444°N 78.58556°W / 9.44444; -78.58556
Naboctot  Philippines Visayan Sea 1,358 0.09 15,088 11°51′27″N 123°46′6″E / 11.85750°N 123.76833°E / 11.85750; 123.76833
Río Azúcar  Panama Caribbean Sea 444 0.03 14,800 9°25′52″N 78°37′34″W / 9.43111°N 78.62611°W / 9.43111; -78.62611
Reimersholme
(Stockholm)		  Sweden Mälaren 2,324 (2006) 0.16 14,525
Kungsholmen
(Stockholm)		  Sweden Mälaren 56,754 (2007) 3.91 14,515
Coetupo  Panama Caribbean Sea 856 0.06 14,266 8°54′13″N 77°41′45″W / 8.90361°N 77.69583°W / 8.90361; -77.69583
Malingin  Philippines Camotes Sea 1,567 0.11 14,245 10°9′37″N 124°26′31″E / 10.16028°N 124.44194°E / 10.16028; 124.44194
Nalunega  Panama Caribbean Sea 421 0.03 14,033 9°33′2″N 78°57′19″W / 9.55056°N 78.95528°W / 9.55056; -78.95528
Pulau Buluh
(Batam)		  Indonesia South China Sea 2,509 0.18 14,000 1°1′1″N 103°55′40″E / 1.01694°N 103.92778°E / 1.01694; 103.92778
Caohagan
(Lapu-Lapu City)		  Philippines Cebu Strait 694 0.05 13,880 10°12′10″N 124°1′11″E / 10.20278°N 124.01972°E / 10.20278; 124.01972
Noordereiland
(Rotterdam)		  Netherlands Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta 3,295 0.067 13,513
São Vicente Island
(Santos)		  Brazil 760,000 (approx.) 57.4 13,240
Guindacpan  Philippines Camotes Sea 2,215 0.17 13,029 10°13′36″N 124°16′57″E / 10.22667°N 124.28250°E / 10.22667; 124.28250
Tikantiqui  Panama Caribbean Sea 772 0.06 12,866 9°25′22″N 78°28′52″W / 9.42278°N 78.48111°W / 9.42278; -78.48111
Mamitupo  Panama Caribbean Sea 1,020 0.08 12,750 9°11′25″N 77°58′25″W / 9.19028°N 77.97361°W / 9.19028; -77.97361
Gilutongan  Philippines Cebu Strait 1,606 0.13 12,354 10°12′13″N 123°59′19″E / 10.20361°N 123.98861°E / 10.20361; 123.98861
Mandangin Island  Indonesia Java Sea 16,000 1.3 12,307 7°18′39″S 113°12′50″E / 7.31083°S 113.21389°E / -7.31083; 113.21389
Hinnavaru  Maldives Indian Ocean 2,449 0.2 12,245 5°29′32″N 73°24′44″E / 5.49222°N 73.41222°E / 5.49222; 73.41222
Betio  Kiribati Pacific Ocean 18,429[23] 1.51 12,204 1°21′23″N 172°55′57″E / 1.35639°N 172.93250°E / 1.35639; 172.93250
Burano
(Venice)		  Italy Venetian Lagoon 2,658 0.22 12,082 45°29′8″N 12°25′3″E / 45.48556°N 12.41750°E / 45.48556; 12.41750
Lübeck Old Town  Germany Trave river 12,000 (approx.) 1.00 12,000
Peňa Island  Philippines Visayan Sea 2,728 0.23 11,860 12°1′12″N 123°38′8″E / 12.02000°N 123.63556°E / 12.02000; 123.63556
Ma Wan  Hong Kong Ma Wan Channel,
Kap Shui Mun		 11,193 (2007)[24] 0.96 11,659
Ilha de Moçambique[25]  Mozambique Indian Ocean 17,356 1.5 11,570 15°2′18″S 40°44′1″E / 15.03833°S 40.73361°E / -15.03833; 40.73361
Hambongan  Philippines Cebu Strait 685 0.06 11,417 10°4′14″N 124°1′23″E / 10.07056°N 124.02306°E / 10.07056; 124.02306
Cataban  Philippines Camotes Sea 1,427 0.13 10,977 10°14′0″N 124°22′35″E / 10.23333°N 124.37639°E / 10.23333; 124.37639
Xiamen Island  China Taiwan Strait 1,410,000 (est) 132.5 10,650
Sagasa  Philippines Camotes Sea 1,486 0.14 10,486 10°12′12″N 124°24′56″E / 10.20333°N 124.41556°E / 10.20333; 124.41556
Hingotanan  Philippines Camotes Sea 3,654 0.36 10,150 10°14′21″N 124°29′8″E / 10.23917°N 124.48556°E / 10.23917; 124.48556
Gili Ketapang  Indonesia Java Sea 7,600 0.75 10,133 7°40′44″S 113°15′12″E / 7.67889°S 113.25333°E / -7.67889; 113.25333
Anping Island  Taiwan 60,000 (est) 6 (est) 10,000
Yeongdo
(Busan)		  South Korea Sea of Japan 139,765 (2012.12) 14 9,983
Isla Tigre  Panama Caribbean Sea 784 0.08 9,800 9°25′55″N 78°31′17″W / 9.43194°N 78.52139°W / 9.43194; -78.52139
Mahibadhoo  Maldives Indian Ocean 1,939 0.2 9,695 3°45′26″N 72°58′8″E / 3.75722°N 72.96889°E / 3.75722; 72.96889
Nantai Island
(Fuzhou)		  China Min River 1,142,991 (2020) 118 9,686
Ustupo  Panama Caribbean Sea 3,742 0.39 9,594 9°7′50″N 77°55′35″W / 9.13056°N 77.92639°W / 9.13056; -77.92639
Cheung Chau  Hong Kong Adamasta Channel,
West Lamma Channel		 23,156 (2007) 2.46 9,413
Venice  Italy Venetian Lagoon 51,298[26] 5.74 8,937 45°26′13″N 12°20′9″E / 45.43694°N 12.33583°E / 45.43694; 12.33583
Île de Nantes
(Nantes)		  France Loire River 40,128 4.6 8,723 47°12′15″N 1°32′50″W / 47.20417°N 1.54722°W / 47.20417; -1.54722
Batasan  Philippines Cebu Strait 871 0.10 8,710
Stadsholmen
(Stockholm)		  Sweden Mälaren 3,000 (approx.) (2006) 0.36 8,300
Portsea Island
(Portsmouth)		  United Kingdom English Channel 199,566 [27] 24.5 8,146
Mactan  Philippines Mactan Channel 527,071 65 8,109 10°17′17″N 123°58′56″E / 10.28806°N 123.98222°E / 10.28806; 123.98222
Gulangyu
(Xiamen)		  China Taiwan Strait 15,373 1.91 8,049
Maafushi  Maldives Indian Ocean 2,631 0.33 7,973
Naifaru  Maldives Indian Ocean 4,103 0.53 7,742
Giudecca
(Venice)		  Italy Venetian Lagoon 6,147 0.80 7,683 45°25′31″N 12°19′32″E / 45.42528°N 12.32556°E / 45.42528; 12.32556
Singapore Island  Singapore Singapore Strait 5,469,700 (2014) 710.2 7,618
Vypin Island
(Kochi)		  India Vembanad Lake,
Arabian Sea		 198,400 27 7,348 10°07′N 76°12′E / 10.117°N 76.200°E / 10.117; 76.200
Bongao Island  Philippines Celebes Sea
Sulu Sea		 75,076 10.44 7,191 5°1′14″N 119°45′12″E / 5.02056°N 119.75333°E / 5.02056; 119.75333
Bairiki  Kiribati Pacific Ocean 3,278 (2015) 0.46 7,126
Ortygia
(Syracuse) 		 Italy Ionian Sea 4,269 (2011) 0.604 7,068
Sulangan  Philippines Leyte Gulf 3,834 0.56 6,846
Gorée
(Dakar) 		 Senegal 1,800 (2018) 0.28 6,429
Niigata Island
(Niigata)		  Japan Sea of Japan
Shinano River		 61,295 (2005) 10 6,130
Parikud  India Chilika Lake 89,371 (2011) 14.81 (est.) 6,035
Cijin Island
(Kaoshiung)		  Taiwan South China Sea 30,000 (2010) 5 (est) 6,000
Balboa Island
(Newport Beach)		  United States Newport Bay 3,000 (2000) 0.52 5,769
Aspøy  Norway 3,376 0.6 5,627 62°28′14″N 6°08′16″E / 62.47056°N 6.13778°E / 62.47056; 6.13778
Île Lacroix
(Rouen)		  France Seine River 1,331 0.24 5,477 49°25′58″N 1°6′13″E / 49.43278°N 1.10361°E / 49.43278; 1.10361
Peng Chau  Hong Kong 5,300 (est) 0.99 5,354
Stora Essingen
(Stockholm)		  Sweden Mälaren 3,892 (2006) 0.73 5,332
Lauttasaari
(Helsinki)		  Finland 19,644 (2008) 3.75 5,238
Governador Island
(Rio de Janeiro)		  Brazil Guanabara Bay 212,547 (2010)[28] 40.81 5,209
Nuns' Island
(Montréal)		  Canada St. Lawrence River 18,315 (2011) 3.74 4,897
L'Île Saint-Denis
(Grand Paris)		  France Seine River 8,646 1.77 4,885 48°56′9″N 2°20′23″E / 48.93583°N 2.33972°E / 48.93583; 2.33972
Cumbarjua  India Mandovi River 10,000 (approx.) 2.19 4,566
Lindau Island  Germany Lake Constance 3,000 (2008) 0.68 4,411
City Island
(New York City)		  United States Long Island Sound 4,362 (2010) 1.023 4,264
Malapascua  Philippines Visayan Sea 6,257 1.48 4,227
Ezhumanthuruthu  India 3,500 0.85 (est.) 4,118
Muharraq Island  Bahrain Persian Gulf 200,000 (2014) 49.3 4,057
IJsselmonde
(Rotterdam)		  Netherlands Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta 423,000 105 4,058 51°52′N 4°31′E / 51.867°N 4.517°E / 51.867; 4.517
Taipa, Cotai, and Coloane
(Macau)		  Macau South China Sea 82,759 (2011) 20.58 4,021
Île de la Cité
(Paris)		  France Seine River 891 (2016) 0.22 3,960 48°51′17″N 2°20′45″E / 48.85472°N 2.34583°E / 48.85472; 2.34583
Island of Montreal
(Montréal)		  Canada confluence of the Ottawa River
with the St. Lawrence		 1,942,044 (2016) 499 3,892
Hulhumalé  Maldives Indian Ocean 14,843 (2014) 4.0 3,711
Halat Nuaim  Bahrain Persian Gulf 1,000 (2014) 0.27 3,704
Yeouido
(Seoul)		  South Korea Han River 31,000 (2006) 8.4 3,700
Boracay  Philippines 37,802 10.32 3,663 11°58′6″N 121°56′3″E / 11.96833°N 121.93417°E / 11.96833; 121.93417
Sitra  Bahrain Persian Gulf 81,000 (2016) 22.45 3,608
Long Beach Barrier Island  United States Atlantic Ocean,
Reynolds Channel		 39,282 (2010) 11.7 3,350 40°35′17″N 73°41′17″W / 40.58806°N 73.68806°W / 40.58806; -73.68806
Rokkō Island  Japan Osaka Bay 19,253 (2017) 5.8 3,319
Lidingö  Sweden Baltic Sea 44,000 (2011) 12.54 3,300
Just Room Enough Island
(Alexandria Bay)		  United States St. Lawrence River At least 1 0.00031 At least 3,226
Staten Island
(New York City)		  United States 479,458 (2017) 151.5 3,165
Songdo
(Incheon)		  South Korea 167,346 (2020) 53.4 3,134
Xiaodeng Island  China 3,000 (2008) 0.97 3,102
Hikoshima
(Shimonoseki)		  Japan 30,182 (2011) 9.8 3,080
Bau  Fiji 300 (2011) 0.1 3,000
Isla Mujeres  Mexico 12,642 (2010) 4.22[29] 2,996
Penang Island  Malaysia 860,000 (2010) 293 2,935
Srirangapatna  India Kaveri River 25,061 8.58 2,920
Kavaratti  India Indian Ocean 11,473 (2014) 3.93 2,919
Amini  India Indian Ocean 7,843 2.71 2,894
Derawan Island  Indonesia Sulawesi Sea 1,259 0.446 2,823
Kotlin Island
(Kronstadt)		  Russia 42,800 (2006) 16 2,675
Zhongshan Island  China 2,800,000 1,055.42 2,653
Meizhou Island  China 38,000 14.35 2,648
Majuro  Marshall Islands 25,400 (2004) 9.7 2,619
San Andrés  Colombia Caribbean Sea 67,912 (2007) 26 2,612 12°35′N 81°42′W / 12.583°N 81.700°W / 12.583; -81.700
Procida  Italy Tyrrhenian Sea,
Campanian Archipelago 		10,596 (2010) 4.1 2,600 40°45′30″N 14°01′00″E / 40.75833°N 14.01667°E / 40.75833; 14.01667
Pamanzi  Mayotte Mozambique Channel 29,273 12.11 2,417 12°47′0″S 15°17′0″E / 12.78333°S 15.28333°E / -12.78333; 15.28333
Agatti Island  India Indian Ocean 7,700 (2014) 3.23 2,384
Andrott  India Indian Ocean 11,464 (2014) 4.98 2,302
Nabih Saleh  Bahrain Persian Gulf 3,200 (2019) 1.4 2,286
Kiltan  India Indian Ocean 4,041 (2011) 1.78 2,270
Vallarpadam
(Kochi)		  India Vembanad Lake 10,000 (approx.) 4.45 (est.) 2,247
Minicoy  India Indian Ocean 10,700 (2014) 4.8 2,229
Untung Jawa  Indonesia Java Sea 2,264 1.03 2,198
Amager  Denmark 204,827 (2019) 96.29 2,127
Chavara Thekkumbhagom  India Ashtamudi Lake 16,937 (2011) 8 2,117
Lý Sơn  Vietnam South China Sea 17,901 8.49 2,108 15°22′51″N 109°07′03″E / 15.38083°N 109.11750°E / 15.38083; 109.11750
Long Island  United States East River, Long Island Sound,
Atlantic Ocean		 7,568,304 (2010) 3,629 2,086
Kulosaari
(Helsinki)		  Finland 3,770 (2004) 1.81 2,083
Wheeling Island  United States Ohio River 3,142 1.51 2,080
Chetlat Island  India Indian Ocean 2,400 1.17 2,051
Pazhou
(Guangzhou) 		 China 29,851 (2010) 15 1,990
Paquetá Island
(Rio de Janeiro)		  Brazil Guanabara Bay 3,361 (2010)[30] 1.7 1,970
Frauenchiemsee  Germany 300 (2008) 0.155 1,935
Nørvøya  Norway 9,647 5,0 1,929
Heybeliada (Princes' Islands)  Turkey Sea of Marmara 4,424 2.34 1,890 40°52′40″N 29°05′30″E / 40.87778°N 29.09167°E / 40.87778; 29.09167
Liouciou Island  Taiwan 12,675 (2014) 6.8 1,864
Kirkelandet  Norway 10,952 5.9 1,856 63°07′24″N 7°43′32″E / 63.12333°N 7.72556°E / 63.12333; 7.72556
Ternate  Indonesia Molucca Sea 204,215 (2014) 111.39 1,833
Lido Isle
(Newport Beach)		  United States Newport Bay 1,800 (2000) 1.0 1,800
Phú Quý  Vietnam South China Sea 30,971 (2018) 17.5 1,778 10°31′48″N 108°56′34″E / 10.53000°N 108.94278°E / 10.53000; 108.94278
Malta Island  Malta Mediterranean Sea 433,082 (2019) 246 1,760
Eden Island  Seychelles Indian Ocean 1,000 (2014) 0.57 1,754
Lulu Island
(Richmond)		  Canada Fraser River estuary,
Strait of Georgia		 198,309 (2016) 120 1,653
Beigang Island
(Haikou)		  China Dongzhai Harbor 1,550 0.94 1,649
O'ahu  United States Pacific Ocean 976,372 (2012) 1,545 1,636
Key West  United States Gulf of Mexico,
Straits of Florida		 24,649 (2010) 15.4 1,600 24°33′33″N 81°47′2″W / 24.55917°N 81.78389°W / 24.55917; -81.78389
Büyükada (Princes' Islands)  Turkey Sea of Marmara 8,586 5.38 1,595 40°51′28″N 29°07′12″E / 40.85778°N 29.12000°E / 40.85778; 29.12000
New Providence  Bahamas Atlantic Ocean 248,948 (2010) 207 1,594 25°2′N 77°24′W / 25.033°N 77.400°W / 25.033; -77.400
Mercer Island  United States Lake Washington 25,976 (2018) 16.4 1,584
Bitra (main island)  India Indian Ocean 278 0.177 1,571
Bahrain Island  Bahrain Persian Gulf 940,000 (2010) 604 1,556 26°2′N 50°33′E / 26.033°N 50.550°E / 26.033; 50.550
Dordrecht  Netherlands Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta 119,576 78.54 1,522 51°48′N 4°40′E / 51.800°N 4.667°E / 51.800; 4.667
Ischia  Italy Tyrrhenian Sea,
Campanian Archipelago 		70,043 (2019) 46.3 1,512
Tromsøya
(Tromsø)		  Norway 33,668 (2008) 22.79 1,503
Kınalıada (Princes' Islands)  Turkey Sea of Marmara 2,025 1.36 1,488 40°54′35″N 29°3′0″E / 40.90972°N 29.05000°E / 40.90972; 29.05000
Kalpeni  India Indian Ocean 4,526 (2014) 3.08 1,469
Lehtisaari
(Helsinki)		  Finland 1,148 (2008) 0.79 1,453
Öckerö  Sweden 3,488 (2010) 2.42 1,441
Pirallahi Island  Azerbaijan Caspian Sea 20,578 14.6 1,409
Kuusisaari
(Helsinki)		  Finland 588 (2008) 0.40 1,395
Île Jésus
(Laval)		  Canada 400,000 (2010) 245 1,384
Bet Dwarka  India Gulf of Kutch 15,000 (2011) 11 1,364
St. Martin's Island  Bangladesh Bay of Bengal 4,000 (2010) 3 1,333
Bantayan  Philippines Tañon Strait
Visayan Sea		 142,457 108.77 1,310 11°13′3″N 123°44′54″E / 11.21750°N 123.74833°E / 11.21750; 123.74833
Smögen  Sweden 1,329 (2010) 1.05 1,266
Bhola Island  Bangladesh 1,800,000 (2020) 1,441 1,249
Chizumulu Island  Malawi Lake Malawi 4,000 3.39 (est.) 1,180
Labuan  Malaysia 99,500 (2019) 85 1,171
Capri  Italy Tyrrhenian Sea 12,200 (2002) 10.4 1,170
Okinawa Island  Japan Pacific Ocean 1,384,762 (2009) 1,207.87 1,146
Diu Island  India Arabian Sea 44,215 (2015) 38.8 1,140
Mukaishima Island  Japan Seto Inland Sea 25,816 (2003) 23.31 1,108
Burgazada (Princes' Islands)  Turkey Sea of Marmara 1,655 1.5 1,103 40°52′47.66″N 29°3′42.32″E / 40.8799056°N 29.0617556°E / 40.8799056; 29.0617556
Penghu Island  Taiwan 70,200 (2010) 64 1,100
Bhutni  India Ganges River,
Fulahar River		 89,021 81.58 (est.) 1,091
Treasure and Yerba Buena
(San Francisco)		  United States San Francisco Bay 2,500 (2010) 2.334 1,071
Java  Indonesia Indian Ocean,
Java Sea		 141,000,000 (2015) 132,187 1,067
Edayilakkad  India 1,305 1.26 1,036
Zhoushan Island  China Hangzhou Bay 502,667 502.65 1,000

Densely populated archipelagos

These archipelagos have a density of over 1,000 people per km2, meaning at least one island must have over 1,000 people per km2. However, there is no available data for the individual islands.

Archipelago Country/Territory Number of
islands 		Population Area
km2 		Density
(per km2)
Thousand Islands  Indonesia 342 27,749 (2020) 10.18 2,726
Amwaj Islands  Bahrain 9 10,000 (2010) 4.31 2,320
Balabalagan Islands  Indonesia 14 2,201 (2020) 1.47 1,497
Bermuda Bermuda Bermuda 181 63,913 (2019 estimate) 53.2 1,201
Dongshan  China 44 200,000 194 1,031

Other notable islands

Island Country Population Area
km2		 Density
per km2 		Year Refs
Cebu  Philippines 3,979,155 4,467.5 890 2015
Mauritius  Mauritius 1,263,089 1,865 680 2012
Taiwan  Taiwan 23,000,000 35,801 642 2008
Ambon Island  Indonesia 501,364 803.9 624 2014
Aquidneck Island, Rhode Island  United States 60,870 98 621 2000
Unguja  Tanzania 896,721 643 538
Nauru  Nauru 10,084 21 480 2011
Luzon  Philippines 48,520,774 104,688 463 2010 [31][32][33]
Tenerife  Spain 931,646 2,034 457 2022
Honshū  Japan 103,000,000 230,500 447 2005 [34]
Lamma Island  Hong Kong 5,500 13.74 400 2007
Kyūshū  Japan 13,231,995 35,640 371
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Puerto Rico 3,205,691 8,868 361.4 2023
Réunion  France 840,974 2511 335 2013
Madeira  Portugal 245,595 741 331 2021
Sri Lanka (main island)  Sri Lanka 21,184,000 65,268 325 2008
Mindanao  Philippines 29,968,174 94,630 317 2010 [32][35]
Great Britain  United Kingdom 61,450,000 209,331 294 2011
Awaji Island  Japan 147,359 592.17 249
Majorca  Spain 869,067 3640.11 239
Shikoku  Japan 4,141,955 18,800 220 2005
Sicily  Italy 5,051,075 25,700 197 2010
Langkawi, Kedah  Malaysia 65,000 479 136 2010
Sulawesi (Celebes)  Indonesia 17,371,783 180,681 96 2010
Sumatra  Indonesia 45,000,000 470,000 96 2005 [36]
Ireland  Ireland /  United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) 6,197,100 84,421 73 2008
Borneo  Indonesia /  Brunei /  Malaysia 21,258,000 748,168 28 2014
Vancouver Island  Canada 775,347 31,285 24.8 2016
New Guinea  Indonesia /  Papua New Guinea 11,306,940 785,753 14 2014
Iceland  Iceland 350,710 101,826 3.4 2018

Least densely populated islands

There are numerous uninhabited or deserted islands. The largest uninhabited island in the world is Devon Island in Canada. The list contains islands with densities below 0.1 per km2. Note that many of these populations are non-permanent.

Island Country/Territory Population Area
km2 		Density
(per km2)
Kotelny Island  Russia 2 23,165 0.000086
Ellesmere Island  Canada 146 196,235 0.000744
Banks Island  Canada 103 70,028 0.0014
Clarence Island  Chile 5 1,111 0.0045
Seguam Island  United States 1 215 0.00465
Alexandra Land  Russia 5 1,050 0.00476
Kuiu Island  United States 10 1,936 0.005
Grande-Terre (Kerguelen) French Southern and Antarctic Lands French Southern and Antarctic Lands 45 6,675 0.007
James Ross Island Antarctica Antarctica 20 (summer)
0 (winter) 		2,598 0.0077 (summer)
0 (winter)
Santa Cruz Island  United States 2 250 0.008
Unimak Island  United States 35 4,119 0.0085
Victoria Island  Canada 1,875 217,291 0.0086
South Georgia South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 32 3,528 0.0091
Santa Rosa Island  United States 2 215.3 0.0093
Etolin Island  United States 15 878.1 0.017
Adelaide Island Antarctica Antarctica 100 (approx.) 4,663 0.0215
Baffin Island  Canada 11,000 507,451 0.0217
Umnak  United States 39 1,776.8 0.022
Bear Island  Norway 4 178 0.0223
Hawkins Island  United States 4 176 0.0227
Shuyak Island  United States 4 168.3 0.024
Southampton Island  Canada 1,035 41,214 0.025
Greenland Greenland Greenland 56,452 2,166,086 0.0261
Cornwallis Island  Canada 183 6,995 0.0262
Anticosti Island  Canada 218 7,953 0.027
Dundee Island Antarctica Antarctica 10 347 0.0288
Hinchinbrook Island  United States 5 172 0.029
Dall Island  United States 20 657.9 0.03
Vaygach Island  Russia 106 3,383 0.031
West Falkland Falkland Islands Falkland Islands 160 4,532 0.035
Deception Island Antarctica Antarctica 3 (winter)
51 (summer) 		79 0.04 (winter)
0.65 (summer)
Nunivak Island  United States 191 4,226.8 0.045
Sukkwan Island  United States 9 167 0.05
Greenwich Island Antarctica Antarctica 8 (winter)
62 (summer) 		143 0.056 (winter)
0.43 (summer)
Wellington Island  Chile 340 5,556 0.06
Spitsbergen  Norway 2,642 37,673 0.07
Ross Island Antarctica Antarctica 174 (winter)
1,088 (summer) 		2,460 0.071 (winter)
0.44 (summer)
Heceta Island  United States 14 181 0.077
Kolguyev Island  Russia 300 3,497 0.086
Atka Island  United States 95 1,048.8 0.09
Fraser Island  Australia 152 1,655 0.092
Afognak  United States 169 1,812.6 0.093
Cockburn Island  Canada 16 171 0.094

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Physiographically, there are only four continents (including offshore continental islands which sit on the nearby continental shelves) that are completely surrounded by water: Afro-Eurasia (57% of the global land area), the Americas (28.5%), Antarctica (9%), and Australia (5%). The remaining 0.5% is made up of remote oceanic islands, mostly scattered within Oceania in the central and south Pacific Ocean.[1]
  2. ^ Including landmasses which are above water and over 2,500,000 km2 (970,000 sq mi). The submerged continent of Zealandia (approx. 5,000,000 km2 (1,900,000 sq mi)) is excluded.[2]
  3. ^ Figure derived from the Global Islands Explorer website, by adding the areas of mainland Africa (29,370,907 km2 (11,340,171 sq mi)) and mainland Eurasia (50,439,819 km2 (19,474,923 sq mi)).
  4. ^ Figure derived from the Global Islands Explorer website, by adding the areas of mainland North America (20,090,075 km2 (7,756,821 sq mi)) and mainland South America (17,609,548 km2 (6,799,084 sq mi)).
  5. ^ Mainland Australia is more than three times the size of Greenland, the largest island.[4] Australia is sometimes dubbed "The Island Continent" or "Earth's largest island, but its smallest continent".[5]
  6. ^ Figure derived from the Geoscience Australia website, the area of mainland Tasmania (64,519 km2 (24,911 sq mi)) has been deducted.[6] The Global Islands Explorer website has given a slightly larger figure of 7,618,696 km2 (2,941,595 sq mi) for the area of mainland Australia.
  7. ^ Area of mainland Antarctica, without the ice shelves and nearby islands.[7]

References

  1. ^ Stephen Hawking; Lucy Hawking (9 January 2020). "Earth: What's It Made Of?". Unlocking the Universe. p. 62. ISBN 9780241418864.
  2. ^ GNS Science – Earth's 8th Continent
  3. ^ "Population". United Nations. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  4. ^ "Joshua Calder's World Island Info – Continent or Island?". Worldislandinfo.com. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  5. ^ "Australia in Brief - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Dfat.gov.au. Archived from the original on 20 August 2003. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  6. ^ "Area of Australia – States and Territories". Geoscience Australia. 15 May 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
  7. ^ "Antarctica in Context" (PDF). Landsat Image Mosaic Of Antarctica. United States Geological Survey.
  8. ^ "Is This the Most Crowded Island in the World? (And Why That Question Matters)". Longreads. 19 February 2018.
  9. ^ "Lapu-Lapu City to evacuate residents of 'submerged' Island | Philippine News Agency". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  10. ^ "Barangay Caubian - Philippine Standard Geographic Code | Philippine Statistics Authority". Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  11. ^ "District Profiles | 2021 Hong Kong Population Census". Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  12. ^ "Table 3.3: Total Maldivian Population by Islands, census 2006 and 2014" (PDF). Maldives Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  13. ^ "2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH) Population Counts Declared Official by the President | Philippine Statistics Authority". psa.gov.ph. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  14. ^ "Sitangkai: The Venice of the South | Philippine Muslim Today". philmuslim.today. 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  15. ^ Olson, Wyatt. "Under the radar: Life is low-tech at Army missile defense base in the Pacific". Stripes.com. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
  16. ^ "Pulau Bungin, Hidup Sesak di Pulau Terpadat". Kompas. 17 September 2014.
  17. ^ "Bagaimana hidup di Pulau Bungin yang dijuluki terpadat?". BBC. 21 October 2016.
  18. ^ "PULAU BUNGIN, PULAU TERPADAT KARENA KETERIKATAN BUDAYA". Ditjen PDT.
  19. ^ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El (31 August 2017). "Santa Cruz, un islote tan pequeño que no hay lugar para sus muertos". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  20. ^ "Algunas Caracteristic as Importantes de las Viviendas, Partiulares Ocupades y de la Publacion de la Republica Panama - Kuna Yala Region: Census 2010". Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo - Panamá.
  21. ^ "2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County". Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  22. ^ "Bases de datos en linea". El Instituto Nacional de Estadistica.
  23. ^ "Kiribati 2020-2021 Population and Housing Census Data". Kiribati National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  24. ^ Tsuen Wan District Summaries of Written Representations
  25. ^ "Ilha de Mocambique: Historia". Ilha de Mocambique turismo.
  26. ^ "Results of the Permanent Population Census". Instituto Nazionale di Statistica.
  27. ^ "Population and household estimates, England and Wales: Census 2021". Office of National Statistics. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  28. ^ "Untitled Document". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  29. ^ Olsen, Debbie (8 November 2019). "D.I.Y. Isla Mujeres Tour". Wander Woman Travel Magazine. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  30. ^ http://portalgeo.rio.rj.gov.br/bairroscariocas/ [dead link‍]
  31. ^ "Luzon (island, Philippines)". Britannica. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  32. ^ a b Eur (2002). Far East and Australasia 2003, 34th edition. Routledge. ISBN 9781857431339. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  33. ^ Composed of 7 administrative regions excluding island provinces
  34. ^ Composed of 34 prefectures including minor outlying islands
  35. ^ "Mindanao (island, Philippines)". Britannica. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  36. ^ Composed of 8 provinces including minor outlying islands


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