User:OsaRosa/3. Trans Communication Studies Foundations
LGBTQ+ Communication Studies Histories and Foundations
No content needed here. This is just a reminder of it going under that major header on the final page.
Transgender Communication Studies Foundations
Overview of this section that introduces Transgender Communication Studies' foundation as a field today.
The word transgender is used as an umbrella term for any expression of gender, identity, or presentation that varies from the norm or cisgender[1]. In other words, trans is used for individuals whose body do not conform to their gender identity[2]. A few examples of concepts that would fall under this umbrella term includes cross-dressing, transsexuality, trans, genderqueer, and more. Past Communication Studies and journals have ignored trans communication even in LGBTQ+ communication, and much research where transgender people are mentioned in articles, they are rarely the focus[1]. There is still a need for expansion on Transgender Communication Studies. Despite this, the advocacy for trans people have grown over the years, both in academia and online socially.
Though social media, and more specifically YouTube, has given youth the courage to come out as trans and challenge gender norms, this advocacy has also had downfalls since it tends to focus on successful bodily transitions, rather than daily life issues[3]. However, a few social media stars have taken on challenge terms like "passing." Passing means a trans person is 'gender read by their ideal gender[3]. "Passing" can also imply that trans people are forced to confirm to either two genders - female or male, ignoring the existence of those who do not fit either and prefer non-binary terms.
Transgender Communication Studies researchers also examine the barriers that transgender people face frequently when seeking competent healthcare and treatment[4]. Transgender people have a hard time finding health are providers who want to provide services or do not degrade the person while providing services, resulting in negative impacts, such as higher rates of depression, suicide, and substance abuse[4]. A study found that one in five transgender and gender non-conforming participants have been denied medical care and roughly half have had to participate in teaching the health care provider about transgender care.
Another barrier that Transgender Communication Studies journals studies is the acceptance of transgender identities on college campuses. For a lot of transgender college students, fitting in on college campuses either means that their deny their identity or parts of their identity or face violent harassment from their peers[2]. For many transgender students, times that are meant to be positive periods of development are often turn out to be the opposite. Communication Studies research states that there is an overall lower level of acceptance of LGBTQ students on college campuses compared to their cisheterosexual peers, resulting in students being more hesitant in exploring and open living with their LGBTQ statuses.
Multiple Trans Communication studies journals also talk about the struggles transgender people have with gender identity expectations in professional settings[5]. There are often times where workplaces have strictly gendered "clothing rules" for their workplace, meaning that women are expected to wear "stylish, well-cut, and fitted" clothes while men most wear suits. Professionals that identify as gender-nonconforming are often deemed less professional, though they may have more professional experience that others in the environment, for wearing clothes that they feel comfortable in instead of wearing clothes that fit the social norm[5].
T may add in just a bit too. Links to general Transgender Studies Wiki page.
Heteronormativity and Cisheteronormativity
Heteronormativity describes the belief that heterosexual experiences are the norm, deeming all other types of identities and experiences as deviant or invisible[6]. Cisheteronormativity expands on this term and includes the belief that being cisgender, rather than having a fluid gender identity or being transgender, should be treated as the norm[6].
Heteronormativity is often perpetuated through different types of media, including films and TV shows. For example, studies have shown that even as far as media portraying zombie apocalypse narratives have echoed familiar themes of heteronormativity, such as strong female characters being portrayed as overly feminine despite embodying physical strength in attacks and the prevalence of nuclear family households[7]. Heteronormativity is upheld by these portrayals in media and further perpetuated in society and cultural beliefs as this media is consumed.
According to Communication Studies research, cisheteronormativity has four different types of harmful impacts on LGBTQ+ people: external, internal, discursive, and institutional[8]. Externalized violence takes form in physical assault most frequently, while internalized violence takes form in self-hatred and self-destructive thoughts resulting in the feeling of not being normal in a heteronormative society. Additionally, discursive violence can include the use of words, gestures, tones, and images to treat and degrade other people's experiences[8]. In correlation with cisheteronormativity, this takes form in microaggressions, reaffirming that LGBTQ+ people are of a lower status in social and sexual hierarchies compared to those who are cisgender and heterosexual. Additionally, another harmful impact of cisheteronormativity is institutional violence, which takes form in the deeply ingrained heteronormative mindsets in social institutions[8].
Transgender Subjectivity and Identities
T's section
References
- ^ a b Capuzza, Jamie C.; Spencer, Leland G., eds. (2015). Transgender communication studies: histories, trends, and trajectories. Lanham: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-1-4985-0005-0.
- ^ a b Maulding, Sean (2023). "Trans-Centered Acceptance within a University: Offering a Model of Acceptance Created By and Centered Around Trans Student Experiences". Kaleidoscope: A Graduate Journal of Qualitative Communication Research. 21/22: 117–131 – via EBSCO.
- ^ a b Tortajada, Iolanda; Willem, Cilia; Platero Méndez, R. Lucas; Araüna, Núria (2021-06-11). "Lost in Transition? Digital trans activism on Youtube". Information, Communication & Society. 24 (8): 1091–1107. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2020.1797850. ISSN 1369-118X.
- ^ a b Redfern, Jan S.; Sinclair, Bill (2014-03). "Improving health care encounters and communication with transgender patients". Journal of Communication in Healthcare. 7 (1): 25–40. doi:10.1179/1753807614Y.0000000045. ISSN 1753-8068.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b Patterson, GPat; Hsu, V. Jo (2023). "Exposing the Seams: Professional Dress & the Disciplining of Nonbinary and Trans Bodies". The Journal of Multimodal Rhetorics. 3 (2).
- ^ a b Suter, Elizabeth A.; Daas, Karen L. (2007-08-24). "Negotiating Heteronormativity Dialectically: Lesbian Couples' Display of Symbols in Culture". Western Journal of Communication. 71 (3): 177–195. doi:10.1080/10570310701518443. ISSN 1057-0314.
- ^ Cady, Kathryn A.; Oates, Thomas (2016-07-02). "Family Splatters: Rescuing Heteronormativity from the Zombie Apocalypse". Women's Studies in Communication. 39 (3): 308–325. doi:10.1080/07491409.2016.1194935. ISSN 0749-1409.
- ^ a b c Yep, Gust A.; Lovaas, Karen E,; Elia, John P. (2003). Queer Theory and Communication: From Disciplining Queers to Queering the Discipline(s). Taylor and Francis. ISBN 9781317953616.
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