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Port of Harbin 哈尔滨港
Location
Country	China
Location	Songhua river, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province
UN/LOCODE	CNHRN/CNHRB
Details
Operated by	Heilongjiang Shipping Group
Owned by	Heilongjiang People's Government
Type of harbour	Inland
No. of berths	257 (44 over 1000 DWT)
Address	1 Haiyuan Street Taiping District Harbin, Heilongjiang 150050 China
Fairway depth	12.5m
Statistics
Annual cargo tonnage	191,970,000 t (2012)
Website http://www.njp.com.cn

The Port of Harbin is an inland port in northeast China. The port is located on the south bank of the middle reaches of the Songhua River, on the northeast corner of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province. It is the largest water and land transfer hub port on the inland rivers in Northeast China. As of 2024, it's operation as an inland port has been threatened the low water levels of the Songhua river, despite long term efforts to stabilize the river, and its operation as a port of entry has been suspended.

History

In 1898, during the waning years of the Qing Dynasty, the Russians started the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway, and the modern city of Harbin was founded as the main hub and headquarter of the railway. In the new town, a ship wharf was built near the modern Songhua River Great Bridge. During the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), Russia laid a railway line along the coast of the Eighth District Wharf in Butou District (from the Binzhou Line Railway Bridge to Daowai Toudao Street) to increase the port's throughput capacity. After the founding of the Republic of China, in 1918, changes in the waterway and the loss of the dock area to silting meant the relocation of the main wharf to the Daowai area. Harbin Port gradually became a transit port for land and water transport. Port facilities, berths and handling capacity also increased, and special terminals by ship type, passenger, cargo, and enterprise began to appear. After the 1920s, the main terminals include Baqu District, Toudao Street, Qidao Street, Shi'erdao Street, Sankeshu (located about 1 km upstream of the Binbei Line railway bridge) terminal and Shibadao Street terminal. The annual throughput of the port was about 600,000 tons. Cargo loading and unloading was all carried out by local stevedores with little machinery. The Japanese took over the city and its port after 1931. The Southern Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu) took over control of the existing docks and expanded the Sankeshu dock to more of 400 meters of steel sheet pile wharf. From then on, Harbin Port became a hub port for water and land transshipment, and the Japanese ran the port as a forward logistics center for the Kwantung Army..

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Harbin Port was officially established as a state unit in March 1955, originally affiliated to the Northeast Inland River Shipping Bureau of the Ministry of Transport. In 1959, its administration was delegated to Heilongjiang Province. By this time, Harbin Port had two ports for administrative purposes, one for passenger transport and one for cargo transport.

In 1990, the freight port had 12 thousand-ton berths, 5 dedicated railway lines (5,624 meters long), and a throughput capacity of 3.5 million tonnes. Freight lines included routes from Harbin to Dalai, Jiamusi, Tongjiang, Heihe, Yixiken and other domestic routes, and internationally going through the Songhua and Heilongjiang waterways to Khabarovsk (Kaboli), and Blagoveshchensk (Hailanpao). Across the borders, the port was connected by the Amur river to ports in the Russian Far East such as Komsomolsk and Nikolayevsk. It mostly specialized in timber, coal, grain, ore, fertilizers, salt, and other bulk goods. The passenger port had routes from Harbin to Jiamusi, Beilaozhou, Dalai, Qinghe and other routes, operating a fleet of 13 large passenger ships. The passenger service starts sailing in mid-April, and stops in early November every year, in 1990 with an annual passenger volume of nearly 500,000. A new passenger terminal was built on the south bank of the Songhua River in Beiqidao Street, Daowei in 1987. It was completed in October 1990. The waiting room could accommodate 1,500 people.

Port of Entry

The Harbin Water Transport Port was approved by the State Council in July 1987, and was approved by both China and the former Soviet Union as a internationally open port of entry. In October 1992, it was approved to open international passenger transport services.

Operation

The annual operation period is about 210 days, and the ice period is about 150 days in a typical season. Harbin Port is connected to seven large and medium-sized city ports in Russia, including Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk, Nikolayevsk and Blagoveshchensk, via the Songhua River and Heilongjiang waterways. According to the agreement between China and Russia, Chinese international ships can go to sea from the Port of Nikolayevsk via the Amur River section of Russia, and then enter the Sea of ​​Japan via the Tatar Strait to carry out international river-to-sea transport business. The port currently has an artificial vertical wharf of 1,454 meters, a production site area of ​​530,000 square meters on land, and a water area of . It has 14 thousand-ton berths, including 3 timber berths, with a storage area of ​​136,000 square meters, and a day and night throughput capacity of 3,500 tons; 4 mining berths, a storage area of ​​24,000 square meters, and a day and night throughput capacity of 6,500 tons; groceries There are 2 grain berths each, with a storage area of ​​16,000 square meters, and a day and night throughput capacity of 1,000 tons; there is one foreign trade container berth each, with a storage area of ​​60,000 square meters, a day and night throughput capacity of about 2,000 tons, and the port’s comprehensive day and night throughput capacity is 1.6- 21,000 tons. There are currently 90 sets of various types of loading and unloading equipment, and there are 6 strands of special railway lines with an extension of 5,870 meters. The operating conditions on land and water are good. The designed annual throughput capacity is 3.65 million tons, and the approved annual throughput capacity is 3.24 million tons. The Harbin Shipping Building, which is responsible for passenger transport, is located 6 kilometers upstream of the freight terminal, with a construction area of ​​4,200 square meters, an artificial flood-proof ladder-type dock extending 480 meters, a land area of ​​13,000 square meters, and a water area of ​​15,000 square meters. There are 3 ship berths, with an annual passenger capacity of 100,000. In order to meet the needs of opening to the outside world, there is also an inspection unit office building of 5,000 square meters and on-site office space of 750 square meters. In recent years, due to the suspension of navigation due to dry water in the Songhua River and the adjustment of border trade policies, there has been no passenger and freight traffic at this port.

1,150 / 5,000

The Port of Harbin is an inland river port, and the largest water shipping hub in China's Northeast. The port is located on the right bank of the middle reaches of the Songhua river. It connects with other water ports in the Heilongjiang, Songhua, and Ussuri rivers. In 1989, it was granted status of a type I port of entry, meaning it cargo can clear customs at the port and be shipped directly to foreign destinations, and it carries significant trade with neighboring Russia.

History

水运及过江通道

松花江哈尔滨港于1989年被国务院批准为一类开放口岸，成为东北内河最大的水陆换装枢纽港和国际口岸港，汽轮可从哈尔滨上溯到吉林市，沿嫩江可上溯至齐齐哈尔市，哈尔滨以下可通千吨以上的江轮，经俄罗斯远东地区出海。目前已经实现江海联运，可直达日本海，由于上游吉林省经济飞速发展，用水需求加大，并有规划调剂松花江水去缓解辽宁省缺水状况，加之吉林石化污染等因素，松花江哈尔滨段面临断流危险，目前的权宜之计是渠化松花江，建立多座水电站，大顶子山航电枢纽工程已完工，依兰航电枢纽工程用地建设已通过预审，方正通河航电枢纽工程还在规划中。

哈尔滨市已经建成、在建、和计划建设的跨松花江大桥共9座。这9座跨江桥从松花江上游至下游的排列顺序依次是王万联络线跨江大桥（货运铁路桥）、四方台大桥(四环绕城高速)、西三环阳明滩跨江大桥、松花江公路大桥、滨洲铁路桥（新建哈大齐城际铁路客运桥）、松浦大桥（道外区二十道街公路桥）、东江桥（滨北铁路桥，公路桥功能由于年久失修被废弃）、东三环跨江大桥（取代东江桥，预计于2016年竣工）和下战备码头东四环跨江桥（绕城高速）。另外，根据规划，到2020年，哈尔滨市的越江通道还将有地铁2号线、4号线、5号线等。

Facilities

　　哈尔滨水运口岸是1987年7月经国务院批准对外开放，并经中国与原苏联两国政府确认开通使用的国家开放口岸，1992年10月又经国家批准开通了国际客运业务。该口岸地处松花江中游南岸，黑龙江省省会哈尔滨市区东北部，是我国东北内河最大的水陆换装枢纽港，年营运期210天左右，冰封期约为150天，是一个典型的季节性生产港口。由哈尔滨港经松花江、黑龙江水道与俄罗斯的哈巴罗夫斯克、共青城、尼古拉耶夫斯克和布拉戈维申斯克等七个大中城市港口相通。根据中俄两国协议，中方国际船舶可经俄罗斯阿穆尔河段由尼古拉耶夫斯克港出海，再经鞑靼海峡进入日本海，开展国际江海联运业务。

　　该口岸现有人工直立码头1454延长米，生产场区陆域面积53万平方米，水域面积14万平方米。设有14个千吨级泊位，其中木材泊位3个，库场面积13.6万平方米，昼夜通过能力3500吨；矿建泊位4个，库场面积2.4万平方米，昼夜通过能力6500吨；杂货、粮食泊位各2个，库场面积1.6万平方米，昼夜通过能力1000吨；外贸集装箱泊位各1个，库场面积6万平方米，昼夜通过能力约2000吨，港口昼夜综合通过能力1.6—2.1万吨。现有各类装卸设备90台组，并有铁路专用线6股5870延长米，水陆域作业条件较好，设计年通过能力365万吨，核定年通过能力324万吨。担负客运任务的哈尔滨航运大楼位于货运码头上游6公里，建筑面积4200平方米，有人工防汛梯式码头480延长米，场区陆域面积1.3万平方米，水域面积1.5万平方米。设有轮船泊位3个，年旅客通过能力为10万人次。为适应对外开放需要，还建有查验单位办公楼5000平方米，现场办公用房750平方米。

　　近年来，因松花江枯水停航及边贸政策调整影响，该口岸无客货运量。

As of 2013, the port had a dock shoreline of 1,454 meters, a natural shoreline of 2,459 meters, 6 dedicated railway lines of 5,870 meters, 13 thousand-ton berths, 140 sets of various loading and unloading machinery, a land area of 53 ha (130 acres), and 7.5 ha (19 acres) of storage warehouses. The design annual throughput capacity is 3.3 million tons. In addition, there is a special coal terminal Ashe River Port 2 kilometers downstream of the main port area, with a designed annual throughput capacity of 400,000 tons and a land area of ​​170,000 square meters. The main cargo types loaded and unloaded at Harbin Port are coal, timber, grain, groceries, river sand and foreign trade materials. With the gradual improvement of the market economic system, the formation of industry competition and the huge impact brought by the rapid development of highways, port production and loading and unloading have shrunk year by year. In response to the severe situation, in 1998, Harbin Port adjusted its development plan in a timely manner and took a new path of "developing water transportation production and opening up new economic growth points". By attracting investment by attracting phoenixes and building nests, the port has transformed from a primitive loading and unloading type to a market-based operation type. After the efforts of several leadership teams. The port has successively built an empty truck distribution market, which is the largest standardized timber trading market in our province with an area of ​​26,000 square meters and 103 stalls. The Huiyuan Ceramics Wholesale Market has a construction area of ​​48,000 square meters and an area of ​​17,000 square meters. The Longgang steel wholesale market and the second phase of the plumbing equipment area, a fruit and vegetable wholesale market covering an area of ​​60,000 square meters. The second phase of the fruit and vegetable market project and the expansion project of the Longgang Steel Market are under review and are expected to be completed within this year. At this point, our bureau has basically formed a market group that relies on the port infrastructure, gives full play to potential advantages, uses the empty truck distribution market as a link, and aims to build various professional supporting markets. The port has already reached the primary scale of a logistics enterprise, including loading, unloading, warehousing and distribution. Functions are gradually improved. The construction of the logistics center in the northeast of our bureau has been included in Harbin’s “Tenth Five-Year Plan”. 3 future outlook edit With the formulation of the national strategic policy of vigorously developing the old industrial base in Northeast China and the improvement of the external operating environment of the port, Harbin Port will welcome all new and old customers with a new look, superior operating conditions and excellent auxiliary facilities, and seek common development.

气候

哈尔滨属中温带大陆性季风气候，一年之间四季分明。受西伯利亚冷高压影响，冬季严寒、多雪，1月平均最低气温-24℃，日最低气温常在-30℃以下，有“冰城”之称。夏季凉爽宜人，7月平均最高气温28.0℃，是一年中降水最多的季节，但降水强度不大。春、秋季属于过渡季节，时间较短。春季气温回升快，降水少，空气干燥，天气多变，气温变幅大。秋季天气冷暖多变，入秋后，降水量显著减少，但多于春季；风速较大，仅次于春季，风向以偏南风为主。年降雨量523毫米，年平均气温4.2℃，1月平均气温－18.4℃，7月平均气温23.0℃。历史极端最低气温达-42.2℃，极端最高气温亦达39.6℃。Harbin belongs to the mid-temperate continental monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons. Winter is By the Siberian cold high-pressure influence, winter is cold, snowy, the average minimum temperature in January -24 ℃, the lowest daily temperature is often below -30 ℃, "Ice City". Summer is cool and pleasant, with an average maximum temperature of 28.0℃ in July, which is the season with the most precipitation in a year, but the intensity of precipitation is not great. Spring and autumn are transitional seasons and are relatively short. In spring, the temperature rises quickly, precipitation is low, the air is dry, the weather is changeable, and the temperature variation is large. The weather is cold and warm in autumn, and after autumn, precipitation decreases significantly, but more than in spring; the wind speed is higher, second only to spring, and the wind direction is dominated by southerly winds. The annual rainfall is 523 mm, and the average annual temperature is 4.2°C, with an average temperature of -18.4°C in January and 23.0°C in July. The extreme lowest temperature in history reached -42.2℃, and the extreme highest temperature also reached 39.6℃.

Company

集团概况

一、企业基本情况

黑龙江航运集团有限公司（以下简称集团）拥有两家国有股东，其中黑龙江省国资委占股78.59%、国投交通有限公司占股21.41%。集团所属企业12户，其中全资企业10户（7套领导班子），控股企业2户。集团在册职工1475人，在岗职工1250人，退休职工4720人。集团主营业务为“水上运输与港口物流、船舶制造修理与拆解、港口与航道工程建筑、旅游与旅游地产开发”四大板块，还经营外轮代理、浮桥、物业管理、江砂采销及粮食、煤炭、木材贸易等业务。集团所属企业分布于哈尔滨、佳木斯、黑河、同江、抚远和香港等地。“水上运输与港口物流”业务板块，集团主要从事黑龙江、松花江沿线及对俄外贸运输航线客货运输、港口装卸及代理服务等。“船舶制造修理与拆解”业务板块，以集团所属哈尔滨北方船舶工业有限公司为龙头，产值占全省近60%，具备内河建造3000吨级船舶能力。“港口与航道工程建筑”业务板块,集团所属黑龙江省港航工程有限公司是我省唯一具备港口与航道工程施工总承包壹级资质的内河港口与航道工程专业施工企业，占我省水工市场80%以上份额，已经拓展至辽宁和吉林等省外市场。集团依托航运资源禀赋和传统业务支撑，正在积极培育发展旅游与旅游地产开发业务。I. Basic situation of the enterprise

(hereinafter referred to as the Group) has two state-owned shareholders, including Heilongjiang State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC), which accounts for 78.59% of the shares, and China National Investment Transportation Company Limited (CNIC), which accounts for 21.41% of the shares. There are 12 enterprises belonging to the Group, including 10 wholly-owned enterprises (7 sets of leadership team) and 2 holding enterprises. The Group has 1,475 registered employees, 1,250 on-the-job employees and 4,720 retired employees. The main business of the group is "water transportation and port logistics, shipbuilding, repair and dismantling, port and waterway engineering and construction, tourism and tourism real estate development" four major sectors, but also operates foreign ship agency, pontoon bridge, property management, sand mining and marketing, and grain, coal, timber and other businesses. The Group's enterprises are located in Harbin, Jiamusi, Heihe, Tongjiang, Fuyuan and Hong Kong. In the "Water Transportation and Port Logistics" business segment, the Group is mainly engaged in passenger and cargo transportation, port handling and agency services along the Heilongjiang and Songhua rivers and foreign trade transportation routes to Russia. "Shipbuilding, repair and dismantling" business segment, led by the group's Harbin North Shipbuilding Industry Co., Ltd. with an output value of nearly 60% of the province, with the ability to build 3,000-ton ships on the river. "Port and waterway engineering construction" business segment, the group belongs to the Heilongjiang Provincial Harbor and Navigation Engineering Co., Ltd. is the only inland river port and waterway engineering construction enterprises with port and waterway engineering construction general contracting qualification, accounting for more than 80% of the market share of the province's waterworks, and has been expanding to the outside of the province market, such as Liaoning and Jilin. Relying on the endowment of shipping resources and traditional business support, the Group is actively cultivating the development of tourism and tourism real estate development business.

二、企业历史沿革

集团是由原交通部黑龙江航运管理局实行政企分开后，于2001年4月组建的大型省属国有企业。黑龙江省国资委以集团2002年度经审计后的财务决算报告反映的国家所有者权益32,838万元作为出资。2003年6月，根据黑国资办运发[2003]23号文件，国投交通公司（现更名为国投交通有限公司）在集团的经营性基金转为股权，债转股增投9,649万元，变更后注册资本为42,486.7万元。黑龙江省国资委占77.29%的股权，国投交通公司占22.71%的股权。集团由国有独资公司变更为两个国有股东的有限责任公司。2013年10月，黑龙江省国资委对集团单方增资2,583万元，增资后注册资本变更为45,069.7万元，黑龙江省国资委占78.59%的股权，国投交通公司占21.41%的股权。Second, the history of the enterprise

The Group is a large-scale provincial state-owned enterprise established in April 2001 by Heilongjiang Shipping Administration of the former Ministry of Transportation after the separation of government and enterprise. The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Heilongjiang Province invested 328.38 million yuan of the state's ownership interests reflected in the Group's 2002 audited financial report. in June 2003, according to the document No. 23 of Heilongjiang State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Bureau Transportation and Communications [2003], SITIC Transportation Company (now renamed SITIC Transportation Co., Ltd.) converted its operating funds in the Group to equity, and invested 96.49 million yuan of additional investment in the Group by converting debt to equity, and its registered capital was 424.867 million yuan after the change. The registered capital was 424.867 million Yuan. Heilongjiang State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) accounted for 77.29% of the equity interest and SITIC Transportation Company accounted for 22.71% of the equity interest. The Group was changed from a wholly state-owned company to a limited liability company with two state-owned shareholders. in October 2013, Heilongjiang SASAC unilaterally increased its capital to the Group by RMB25.83 million, and the registered capital was changed to RMB450,697,000 after the capital increase, with Heilongjiang SASAC accounting for 78.59% of the equity interest and Guotou Transportation Company accounting for 21.41% of the equity interest.

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三、企业经营情况

2020年，集团实现港口吞吐量209.3万吨，同比增长29.8%；货运量175.6万吨，同比增长6.6%；货运周转量2.3亿吨公里，同比增长41.2%；船舶制造修理与拆解板块完成产值1.1亿元，同比持平；港口与航道工程建筑板块完成产值2.0亿元，同比增长23.9%；实现营业收入5.1亿元，同比增加5,089万元，增幅11.1%；利润总额695万元，同比增幅3.6%。营业收入利润率0.31%，同比增长1.3个百分点；成本费用占收比102.8%，同比下降2.5个百分点；净资产收益率-1.7%，全员劳动生产率11.3万元/人。

2021年1季度，集团完成营业收入1.9亿元，同比增收1.5亿元，增幅4倍；利润总额-172万元，同比减亏2,046万元。营业收入利润率-1.1%，同比增长59个百分点；成本费用占收比101.7%，同比下降60个百分点；净资产收益率-0.5%，全员劳动生产率3万元/人。主要业务板块经营情况：船舶制造修理与拆解板块实现营业收入2,693万元，同比增长1,927万元，增幅2.5倍；实现利润总额120万元，同比减亏增盈398万元。港口与航道工程建筑板块实现营业收入1.09亿元，同比增收8,839万元，增幅4.2倍；实现利润总额251万元，同比增利210万元。水上运输与港口物流板块实现营业收入5,226万元，同比增收4,306万元，增幅4.7倍。主要为玉米、粮食、煤炭贸易业务收入3,209万元，港口包干费、装卸、租赁收入1,034万元，浮桥业务收入387万元，货运代理费240万元，运输收入113万元。利润总额-97万元，同比减亏1,161万元。III. Enterprise OperationIn 2020, the Group achieved port throughput of 2.093 million tons, up 29.8% year-on-year; cargo volume of 1.756 million tons, up 6.6% year-on-year; cargo turnover of 230 million tons kilometers, up 41.2% year-on-year; shipbuilding repair and dismantling segment completed output value of 110 million yuan, flat year-on-year; port and waterway engineering and construction segment completed output value of 200 million yuan, up23.9%; realized operating income of RMB 510 million, an increase of RMB 50.89 million or 11.1% year-on-year; total profit of RMB 6.95 million, an increase of 3.6% year-on-year.Operating income margin of 0.31%, up 1.3 percentage points year-on-year; cost to revenue ratio of 102.8%, down 2.5 percentage points year-on-year; return on net assets of -1.7%, and full labor productivity of 113,000 yuan per person.

In the first quarter of 2021, the Group completed operating income of RMB190 million, an increase of RMB150 million year-on-year, a four-fold increase; total profit of -RMB1.72 million, a year-on-year loss reduction of RMB20.46 million.Operating income margin -1.1%, up 59 percentage points year-on-year; cost to revenue ratio of 101.7%, down 60 percentage points year-on-year; return on net assets -0.5%, full labor productivity of 30,000 yuan per person. Operation situation of main business segments: Shipbuilding, repairing and dismantling segment realized operating income of RMB26.93 million, an increase of RMB19.27 million year-on-year, an increase of 2.5 times; realized total profit of RMB1.20 million, a year-on-year decrease of loss and increase of profit of RMB3.98 million. Port and waterway engineering and construction segment realized operating income of RMB 109 million, an increase of RMB 88.39 million or 4.2 times year-on-year; realized total profit of RMB 2.51 million, an increase of RMB 2.10 million year-on-year. Water transportation and port logistics segment realized operating income of RMB 52.26 million, an increase of RMB 43.06 million or 4.7 times year-on-year. It mainly consisted of 32.09 million yuan of income from corn, grain and coal trading business, 10.34 million yuan of income from port charter fees, loading and unloading and leasing, 3.87 million yuan of income from pontoon business, 2.4 million yuan of freight forwarding fees, and 1.13 million yuan of income from transportation. Profit totaled -0.97 million yuan, a year-on-year loss reduction of 11.61 million yuan.

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

四、企业“十四五”发展目标

“十四五”时期，集团以经济规模持续提升、一流党建融合发展、体制机制深度变革、质量效益显著提高、产业结构优化升级、人才结构科学合理为目标。通过实施“12456”战略，打造黑龙江水域现代航运生态圈，把集团发展成为区域航运的引领者、水运物流的综合服务商、东北最有影响力的内河航运企业，初步发展成为国内领先的具有高质量发展特色的综合性航运产业集团。到“十四五”期末，集团资产规模达到25亿元，2025年营收总额20亿元、利润总额3000万元，规模效益全面提升，职工收入同步大幅增长Enterprise "14th Five-Year Plan" Development Goals

During the period of "14th Five-Year Plan", the Group aims at the continuous improvement of economic scale, the integration and development of first-class party building, the deep change of system mechanism, the significant improvement of quality and efficiency, the optimisation and upgrading of industrial structure, and the scientific and reasonable talent structure. Through the implementation of the "12456" strategy, the Group will build a modern shipping ecosystem in Heilongjiang waters, develop the Group into a leader in regional shipping, a comprehensive service provider of water transport and logistics, and the most influential inland shipping enterprise in Northeast China, and initially develop into a domestic leading comprehensive shipping industry group with high-quality development characteristics. By the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the Group's asset scale will reach 2.5 billion yuan, total revenue will be 2 billion yuan in 2025, total profit will be 30 million yuan, the scale and efficiency of the Group will be improved in all aspects, and the income of the employees will increase significantly.

See also

• Ports of Entry of China
• List of ports in China

External links

• www.example.com