Sophophora

Sophophora
	A male Drosophila melanogaster fly
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Drosophilidae
Subfamily:	Drosophilinae
Genus:	Drosophila
Subgenus:	Sophophora; Sturtevant, 1939
Type species
	Drosophila melanogaster; Meigen, 1830
Species groups
	ananassae; dentissima; dispar; fima; melanogaster; montium; obscura; populi; saltans; setifemus; willistoni;

The paraphyletic subgenus Sophophora of the genus Drosophila was first described by Alfred Sturtevant in 1939.^[1] It contains the best-known drosophilid species, Drosophila melanogaster. Sophophora translates as carrier (phora) of wisdom (sophos). The subgenus is paraphyletic because the genus Lordiphosa^[2]^[3] and the species Hirtodrosophila duncani^[4]^[5] are also placed within this subgenus.

Phylogeny

Sophophora

Old World

	melanogaster species group

	montium species group

	ananassae species group

	fima species group

obscura species group

New World

	willistoni species group

	saltans species group

Lordiphosa

Hirtodrosophila duncani

Currently, 10 species groups are recognized, in two main groups, the New World and the Old World^[5]^[6]^[7]

Old World:

melanogaster species group (65 species, including D. melanogaster and D. simulans)
montium species group (88)
ananassae species group (24)
obscura species group (44)
dentissima species group (17)
fima species group (23)
dispar species group (2)
settifemur species group (2)

New World:

saltans species group (21)
willistoni species group (23)

Unknown:

populi species group (2)

References

^ Sturtevant AH (1 March 1939). "On the Subdivision of the Genus Drosophila". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 25 (3): 137–141. Bibcode:1939PNAS...25..137S. doi:10.1073/PNAS.25.3.137. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1077728. PMID 16577879. Wikidata Q33744392.
^ Katoh T; Tamura K; Aotsuka T (1 August 2000). "Phylogenetic position of the subgenus Lordiphosa of the genus Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) inferred from alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene sequences". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 51 (2): 122–130. doi:10.1007/S002390010072. ISSN 0022-2844. PMID 10948268. Wikidata Q47836653.
^ Y.-G. & Toda, M. J. (January 2001). "Polyphyly of Lordiphosa and its relationships in Drosophilinae (Diptera: Drosophilidae)" (PDF). Systematic Entomology. 26 (1): 15–31. doi:10.1046/J.1365-3113.2001.00135.X. ISSN 0307-6970. Wikidata Q111288747.
^ Patrick O'Grady; Rob Desalle (23 April 2008). "Out of Hawaii: the origin and biogeography of the genus Scaptomyza (Diptera: Drosophilidae)". Biology Letters. 4 (2): 195–9. doi:10.1098/RSBL.2007.0575. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 2429922. PMID 18296276. Wikidata Q24654259.
^ ^a ^b Kim van der Linde; David Houle; Greg S Spicer; Scott J Steppan (1 February 2010). "A supermatrix-based molecular phylogeny of the family Drosophilidae" (PDF). Genetics Research. 92 (1): 25–38. doi:10.1017/S001667231000008X. ISSN 0016-6723. PMID 20433773. Wikidata Q34113101.
^ Bächli, G. (1999-2010). TaxoDros: The Database on Taxonomy of Drosophilidae. Available at "Welcome to T a x o D r o S". Archived from the original on 2006-02-09. Retrieved 2006-02-09.
^ Da Lage, J.-L., Kergoat, G. J., Maczkowiak, F., Silvain, J.-F., Cariou, M.-L. & Lachaise, D. (February 2007). "A phylogeny of Drosophilidae using the Amyrel gene: questioning the Drosophila melanogaster species group boundaries". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 45 (1): 47–63. doi:10.1111/J.1439-0469.2006.00389.X. ISSN 0947-5745. Wikidata Q99965976.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[sturtevant-1] Sturtevant AH (1 March 1939). "On the Subdivision of the Genus Drosophila". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 25 (3): 137–141. Bibcode:1939PNAS...25..137S. doi:10.1073/PNAS.25.3.137. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1077728. PMID 16577879. Wikidata Q33744392.

[katoh-2] Katoh T; Tamura K; Aotsuka T (1 August 2000). "Phylogenetic position of the subgenus Lordiphosa of the genus Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) inferred from alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene sequences". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 51 (2): 122–130. doi:10.1007/S002390010072. ISSN 0022-2844. PMID 10948268. Wikidata Q47836653.

[3] Y.-G. & Toda, M. J. (January 2001). "Polyphyly of Lordiphosa and its relationships in Drosophilinae (Diptera: Drosophilidae)" (PDF). Systematic Entomology. 26 (1): 15–31. doi:10.1046/J.1365-3113.2001.00135.X. ISSN 0307-6970. Wikidata Q111288747.

[hawaii-4] Patrick O'Grady; Rob Desalle (23 April 2008). "Out of Hawaii: the origin and biogeography of the genus Scaptomyza (Diptera: Drosophilidae)". Biology Letters. 4 (2): 195–9. doi:10.1098/RSBL.2007.0575. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 2429922. PMID 18296276. Wikidata Q24654259.

[vdlinde-5] Kim van der Linde; David Houle; Greg S Spicer; Scott J Steppan (1 February 2010). "A supermatrix-based molecular phylogeny of the family Drosophilidae" (PDF). Genetics Research. 92 (1): 25–38. doi:10.1017/S001667231000008X. ISSN 0016-6723. PMID 20433773. Wikidata Q34113101.

[6] Bächli, G. (1999-2010). TaxoDros: The Database on Taxonomy of Drosophilidae. Available at "Welcome to T a x o D r o S". Archived from the original on 2006-02-09. Retrieved 2006-02-09.

[7] Da Lage, J.-L., Kergoat, G. J., Maczkowiak, F., Silvain, J.-F., Cariou, M.-L. & Lachaise, D. (February 2007). "A phylogeny of Drosophilidae using the Amyrel gene: questioning the Drosophila melanogaster species group boundaries". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 45 (1): 47–63. doi:10.1111/J.1439-0469.2006.00389.X. ISSN 0947-5745. Wikidata Q99965976.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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