Abessive case

In linguistics, abessive (abbreviated ABE or ABESS), caritive (abbreviated CAR)^[1] and privative (abbreviated PRIV) is the grammatical case expressing the lack or absence of the marked noun. In English, the corresponding function is expressed by the preposition without or by the suffix -less.

The name abessive is derived from abesse "to be away/absent", and is especially used in reference to Uralic languages. The name caritive is derived from Template:Lang-la "to lack", and is especially used in reference to Caucasian languages. The name privative is derived from Template:Lang-la "to deprive".

In Afro-Asiatic languages

Somali

In the Somali language, the abessive case is marked by -la'. For example:

magac "name"

magacla' "nameless"

dhar "clothes"

dharla' "clothesless," i.e., naked

In Australian languages

Martuthunira

In Martuthunira, the privative case is formed with either -wirriwa or -wirraa.^[2]

Parla-wirraa

money-PRIV

nganarna.

1PL.EX

We've got no money.

In Turkic languages

Bashkir

In Bashkir the suffix is -һыҙ/-һеҙ (-hïð/-hĭð).

Turkish

The suffix -siz (variations: -sız, -suz, -süz) is used in Turkish.

Ex: evsiz (ev = house, houseless/homeless), barksız, görgüsüz (görgü = good manners, ill-bred), yurtsuz.

Azerbaijani

The same suffix is used in the Azerbaijani language.

Chuvash

In Chuvash the suffix is -сӑр/-сӗр.

Kyrgyz

In Kyrgyz the suffix is -сIз.^{[citation needed]}

In Mongolic languages

Mongolian

In Mongolian, the privative suffix is -гүй (-güy). It is not universally considered to be a case, because the suffix does not conform to vowel harmony or undergo any stem-dependent orthographical variation. However, its grammatical function is the precise inverse of the comitative case, and the two form a pair of complementary case forms.^[3]

References

^ Vajda, Edward (2024-02-19), Vajda, Edward (ed.), "8 The Yeniseian language family", The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia, De Gruyter, pp. 365–480, doi:10.1515/9783110556216-008, ISBN 978-3-11-055621-6, retrieved 2024-07-02
^ Dench, Alan Charles (1995). Martuthunira: A Language of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Series C-125. ISBN 0-85883-422-7. Archived from the original on 2005-06-15. Retrieved 2006-03-29.
^ Janhunen, Juha (2012). Mongolian. London Oriental and African Language Library. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 105 & 109.

External links

[1] Vajda, Edward (2024-02-19), Vajda, Edward (ed.), "8 The Yeniseian language family", The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia, De Gruyter, pp. 365–480, doi:10.1515/9783110556216-008, ISBN 978-3-11-055621-6, retrieved 2024-07-02

[2] Dench, Alan Charles (1995). Martuthunira: A Language of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Series C-125. ISBN 0-85883-422-7. Archived from the original on 2005-06-15. Retrieved 2006-03-29.

[3] Janhunen, Juha (2012). Mongolian. London Oriental and African Language Library. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 105 & 109.

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