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Greta Bridge

Coordinates: 54°30′48″N 1°52′02″W / 54.51336°N 1.86715°W / 54.51336; -1.86715
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Greta Bridge
Greta Bridge, John Sell Cotman, c. 1806
Greta Bridge is located in County Durham
Greta Bridge
Greta Bridge
Location within County Durham
OS grid referenceNZ086131
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
PoliceDurham
FireCounty Durham and Darlington
AmbulanceNorth East
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
County Durham
54°30′48″N 1°52′02″W / 54.51336°N 1.86715°W / 54.51336; -1.86715

Greta Bridge is a hamlet on the River Greta in the parishes of Rokeby and Brignall in County Durham, England. The bridge (now bypassed by the A66 trunk road) is over the River Greta, just south of its confluence with the River Tees. The North Pennines, Teesdale and the Greta Bridge area – including the Meeting of the Waters – became a source of inspiration for romantic artists, poets and writers during the eighteenth century.

Name

The name derives from the River Greta, recorded earlier as Gretha (1279) and Gretay (1341).[1]

The etymology is a hybrid of Old Norse and Old English. The Old Norse grjót means "coarse stones" or "rubble". The Old English ēa means "river", "running water" or "stream".

Governance

Greta Bridge is part of County Durham district and is governed by Durham County Council. The neighbouring village of Newsham – to the south-east – is part of North Yorkshire district.[2]

Historically, Greta Bridge was in the North Riding of Yorkshire, but along with the rest of the former Startforth Rural District, Greta Bridge was transferred to County Durham for administrative and ceremonial purposes in 1974.

Geography

The village lies on the eastern flanks of the North Pennines – about 6 miles (9.7 km) east of the North Pennines area of outstanding natural beauty. The nearest town – Barnard Castle – is the market town for Teesdale.

The village is divided between Rokeby parish and Brignall parish – by the river Greta.[3]

Listed buildings and monuments

Notable listed buildings and scheduled monuments in the local area include:

Grade Name Points of interest Listed Latitude
N – S
1. Grade I Egglestone Abbey White Canons [4] 515121
2. Grade II* Abbey Bridge John Sawrey Morritt.[a] [5] 514940
3. Grade II Dairy Bridge over the River Greta. Meeting of the Waters. [6] 514384
1. Grade I Mortham Tower (Manor House). Christopher Rokeby [7] 514210
1. Grade I Rokeby Park (Country house). J B S Morritt [8] 514180
2. Grade II* Rokeby Park (Landscape garden). Meeting of the Waters. [9] 514180
3. Grade II Sir Walter Scott's Cave (Grotto). Walter Scott [10] 514108
3. Grade II The Morritt Arms Hotel 17th century coaching inn. [11] 513286
2. Grade II*
Monument
Greta Bridge. River Greta. [12]
[13]
513170
Monument Greta Bridge Roman fort – Maglona. Watling Street (North). [14] 513170
3. Grade II Thorpe Grange Farmhouse Charles Dickens.[b] [15] 512770

Roman road (Watling Street)

Greta Bridge is on the route of the trans-Pennine (Stainmore) section of Watling Street (North) Roman road – now largely followed by the A66 trunk road. Archaeological excavations during the 1970's found part of the original road.[c]

Roman fort (Maglona)

Maglona ramparts.

Overview

An inscription found near the north gate suggests that the castrum (fort) was built during the early third century AD, although it is possible that a fort existed on the site as early as the first century AD.[d][e] The castrum was built to protect the Watling Street crossing of the River Greta – river crossings were particularly vulnerable to attack from the local Brigantes or from other local tribes.

Many of the legions and auxiliaries who were stationed in North Britain during the Roman occupation originated from Roman Gaul (France) and Hispania (Spain).[f] The name Tutta (from Tutta Beck) may derive from the Gaulish deity Toutatis (or Tūtatus) – god of the tribe.

Tutta Beck

The Tutta Beck–Greta confluence and the Greta–Tees confluence are both in close proximity to Maglona Roman fort. [17][18] River confluences had a special significance for the Gaulish legions and auxiliaries who were stationed in North Britain during the Roman occupation.

Roman altars with inscriptions to Mars Condatis have been found in the Tees and Wear valleys.[g] Similar altars are normally found at the confluence of rivers – for example, the Cong BurnWear confluence near Chester-le-Street – however others may have been disturbed or removed, especially by antiquarians and collectors.

The inscription Mars Condatis is a conflation (joining together) of deities:[h]:

  1. Roman god Mars – god of war and father of Romulus, the founder of Rome.
  2. Gaulish deity Condatis – god of river confluences.

The name Tutta may derive from the Gaulish deity Toutatis (or Tūtatus) – god of the tribe.[i]

The two main source tributaries for Tutta Beck rise near Boldron and Kilmond Scar and meet at its source confluence near the A66 road junction known as Cross Lanes.[21] The beck flows from west to east parallel to Watling Street (A66 road) until its confluence with the River Greta north of Maglona Roman fort.[17] Archaeological excavations in the 1970's found remains of a vicus on the west bank of the beck.[j]

Local history

Timeline

Timeline for Greta Bridge and the surrounding area:

Date Event
1069-70 Harrying of the North
1086 Domesday Book
Mortham and Brignall ..."Possibly waste...when acquired by current owner..."
c.1166 Original Mortham Tower built by the Rokeby's.[22]
c.1195 Egglestone Abbey founded as a daughter house of Easby Abbey.[4]
c.1314 Mortham Tower destroyed by raiding Scots following the Battle of Bannockburn.[7]
c.1540 Egglestone Abbey granted to Robert Strelley following the Dissolution of the monasteries.
1725-31 Rokeby Park built for Sir Thomas Robinson.[8]
1769 Rokeby Park sold to the Morritt family.
1771 The great flood of 1771. Greta bridge destroyed. Old Brignall church destroyed.[k]
1773 Greta bridge replaced with current one designed by John Carr.[12][13]
1799 The Lake Poets Wordsworth and Coleridge explored the area around Greta Bridge.[24]
1802 Wordsworth married Mary Hutchinson.
1805 The artist John Sell Cotman sketched the area around Greta Bridge.
1806 Cotman's Greta Bridge (1805) and other work exhibited.
1813 The romantic poem Rokeby by Walter Scott published.
1813 The famous painting the Rokeby Venus by Spanish painter Diego Velázquez
purchased and brought to England to hang in Rokeby Park.
1816 J. M. W. Turner sketched Junction of the Greta and Tees at Rokeby.
1829-31 Whorlton Bridge – part of the Staindrop to Greta Bridge turnpike.[25]
1834 Greta Bridge was an important staging post – with three inns.[l]
1839 Nicholas Nickleby by Charles Dickens published.
1868 Bowes railway station opened on the Stockton to Liverpool railway.[26]
1974 Greta Bridge transferred from North Riding of Yorkshire to County Durham.

Domesday Book

The composition of the Honour of Richmond in 1071.

The local area was badly affected by the harrying of the North – due to its close proximity to the Great North Road.

The Domesday entry for Mortham [Tower][27] and Brignall ("Bringhenale")[28] show:

..."Possibly waste...when acquired by current owner..."

At that time the land south of the Tees – including Mortham and Brignall – was part of the Gilling wapentake, and part of the Honour of Richmond.

The bridge

The current bridge was built in 1773 to replace the one destroyed by the great flood of 1771.[12][13] It was designed by John Carr for John Sawry Morritt, father of J B S Morritt. Morritt also paid for the Abbey Bridge to be built in the same year.[5]

Mail coach

Prior to the arrival of the railways in the 1850's, Greta Bridge had been an important overnight stop for the London to Carlisle coach. Overnight passengers and visitors would stay at one of the three coaching inns in the village.[m]

  1. The Morritt Arms.[11]
  2. The George.
  3. George and New Inn (now Thorpe Grange Farmhouse).[l][b]

Wordsworth and his wife Mary were regular users of the mail coach in order to travel over from the Lakes to visit Mary's parents at Stockton-on-Tees. [n][o]

Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens wrote his famous book Nicholas Nickleby in order to expose the truth about the boarding schools for young boys in North Yorkshire. He deplored what he considered to be the exploitation and harsh treatment of boys who stayed at those schools – many were expected to do hard labour on the land, such as hay making and mucking out – in addition to their school work. Sanitary arrangements were often poor, resulting in ill health if not actual death. [p] Diet was also generally poor, and boys often went hungry.[q]

There was a cluster of these schools around the Greta Bridge area – due to its convenient location for travel from London using the London to Carlisle mail coach. Most of the boys were from wealthy parents who lived in London or the South.[r][s]

The book was hugely successful, in terms of sales, reception and reform of the system.[t]

Yorkshire schools

Village Schools Pupils Academy name – Proprietor Map
[33]
Latitude
N – S
Cotherstone 1 ? Woden Croft – Edward Simpson.[u] [34] 520764
Cotherstone 2 ? Two boarding schools.[v] [35] 519716
Startforth ? ? Startforth schools.[w] [37] 516179
Bowes 4 800 Bowes Academy – William Shaw.[x]
Three other schools.[y]
[38] 513426

Woden Croft

Woden Croft is now a Grade II listed building,[39] located just north of Cotherstone in Teesdale, near the BalderTees river confluence.[34] During the 19th century Woden Croft had been a private academy run by Edward Simpson, and typical of the Yorkshire schools satirized by Dickens. [u][s]

Fenrir, Gosforth Cross, Cumbria.
Fenrir (enemy of Odin) and Baldr feature in the poem Eiríksmál, written after the death of Eric Bloodaxe on Stainmore.

The name Woden is a play on the Norse mythology of BaldersdaleWoden is the English name for the Norse god Óðinn – father of the Norse god Baldr.[z]

Then, Balder, one bleak garth was thine,
And one sweet brooklet's silver line,
And Woden's Croft did title gain
From the stern Father of the Slain;[aa]
 – Walter Scott (1771 – 1832)

See also Wiktionary:

  1. English croft
    1. "An enclosed piece of land... used for small-scale food production..."

Romantic arts and tourism

During the eighteenth century Teesdale became a popular destination for romantic artists, poets and writers, who inspired others to follow.

..."The Greta and Tees, two most beautiful and rapid rivers, join their currents in the demesne.
The banks of the Tees resemble, from the heights of the rocks, the glen of Roslin, so much and justly admired.

 — Sir Walter Scott (1771 – 1832).[40]

Rokeby Park

The main building is a Grade I listed country house, built 1725-31 in the Palladian style for Sir Thomas Robinson.[8] The house was sold to the Morritt family in 1769.[ab] In 1773 John Sawry Morritt (father of J B S Morritt) paid for the rebuilding of the Greta bridge and for the building of the Abbey Bridge.[5]

John Bacon Sawrey Morritt was a patron of the arts, who nurtured young painters (for example John Sell Cotman), poets and writers, guided and advised them about the local area, its history and geography.[ac] Morritt was also a business man who hoped that the influx of painters, poets and writers to the region would spark a vigorous tourist trade, and boost the local economy.[ad]

The famous painting the Rokeby Venus by Spanish painter Diego Velázquez was purchased c.1813 and brought to England to hang in Rokeby Park. In 1906 the painting was purchased for the National Gallery in London.

Rokeby visitors

Rokeby Venus, c. 1647–1651. National Gallery, London.

Notable visitors to Rokeby Park included:

Year Visits Name Profession
1767, 1769.[41] ? 2 Thomas Gray Poet, scholar.
1796 – 1831.[41] ? 4 J. M. W. Turner Romantic painter.
1799 – ? ? Wordsworth[n] Lake Poet.
1805[41] ? 1 John Sell Cotman Romantic painter.
1809 – 1831. ? 6 Walter Scott Romantic poet.
1812 – 1829. ? 2 Robert Southey Lake Poet.

Lake Poets

In 1799 Wordsworth and Coleridge explored the area around Greta Bridge, after visiting Mary Hutchinson at Sockburn.[ae] Mary lived on her parents farm on the Sockburn Peninsula – the peninsula created by a tight meander of the River Tees. Wordsworth married Mary in 1802, and the couple often travelled over from the Lakes to visit Mary's parents, using the mail coach to Greta Bridge, and stopping over at Rokeby.[n]

John Sell Cotman

Greta Bridge (1805), British Museum.

The romantic painter John Sell Cotman (1782 – 1842) first explored the Greta Bridge area in 1805 when 23 years old. He had been invited by the Cholmeley family to stay with them at Rokeby Hall.[af]

Greta Bridge (1805)

Cotman's best known work from his early period is the watercolour Greta Bridge (1805), now in the British Museum, which he painted from sketches made during his visit to Rokeby Park.[ag] The view is from the south of the bridge looking north, the Morritt Arms is shown on the left side of the bridge. The profile shown at the top of the bridge is noticeably different from that of the actual bridge – it shows a higher more pronounced summit – whereas the actual bridge has a gentle curved profile. It has been suggested that this was influenced by the geometry of the earlier bridge that had been destroyed in the great flood of 1771.[ah] The foreground is dominated by huge boulders – possibly swept down during the great flood.

Walter Scott

Walter Scott's poem The Lady of the Lake, published 1810, had been hugely successful and was well received by the general public. The poem – set around Loch Katrine in the Trossachs – placed that part of Scotland firmly on the tourist map, boosting the economy of local towns, for example Callander. When Scott announced to J B S Morritt that he was planning to write a similar poem based around Teesdale, Morritt offered his services as a guide, possibly anticipating how it might spark a wealthy tourist trade, and boost the local economy.[ai] Scott's poem Rokeby, published 1813, was also hugely successful and did attract many new visitors to Teesdale.[aj]

Rokeby (poem)

Scott's poem Rokeby was largely based on local information provided by Morritt (or from books recommended by him), for example the Norse mythology behind many place names in Teesdale.

Roseberry Topping (Othenesberg 1119)
("Othin's Peak" or "Odin's Peak").

Extract from RokebyCanto Fourth:[44]

When Denmark's raven soar'd on high,
Triumphant through Northumbrian sky,
Till, hovering near, her fatal croak
Bade Reged's Britons dread the yoke,
And the broad shadow of her wing
Blacken'd each cataract and spring,
Where Tees in tumult leaves his source,
Thundering o'er Caldron and High-Force;
Beneath the shade the Northmen came,
Fix'd on each vale a Runic name,
Rear'd high their altar's rugged stone,
And gave their Gods the land they won.
Then, Balder, one bleak garth was thine,
And one sweet brooklet's silver line,
And Woden's Croft did title gain
From the stern Father of the Slain;

Walter Scott (1771 – 1832)

See also

References

  1. ^ Watts 2007, pp. 262.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Magic_District was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Magic_Parish was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Historic England. "RUINS OF EGGLESTONE ABBEY (1322741)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  5. ^ a b c Historic England. "ABBEY BRIDGE (1310824)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  6. ^ Historic England. "DAIRY BRIDGE OVER THE RIVER GRETA (1160953)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  7. ^ a b Historic England. "MORTHAM TOWER (1160832)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  8. ^ a b c Historic England. "ROKEBY PARK AND ATTACHED STABLES (1121680)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  9. ^ Historic England. "ROKEBY PARK (1000733)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  10. ^ Historic England. "SIR WALTER SCOTT'S GROTTO (1310358)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  11. ^ a b Historic England. "THE MORRITT ARMS HOTEL (1121699)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  12. ^ a b c Historic England. "GRETA BRIDGE – Listed building (1160430)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  13. ^ a b c Historic England. "Greta Bridge – Scheduled Monument (1002319)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  14. ^ a b c d Historic England. "Greta Bridge Roman fort, vicus and section of Roman road (1019074)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  15. ^ a b Historic England. "THORPE GRANGE FARMHOUSE, A66 (1161229)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  16. ^ *"Greta Bridge Roman Fort Maglona". Tynedale Hadrian's Wall Group. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  17. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Magic_Tutta_Greta was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference Magic_Greta_Tees was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ MacKillop 2004, pp. 100.
  20. ^ Oliver 2012, pp. 347.
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference Magic_Tutta_Street was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Rudd 2007, pp. 49.
  23. ^ a b c Rudd 2007, pp. 104–106.
  24. ^ Rudd 2007, pp. 104.
  25. ^ *"Whorlton Bridge background and history". Durham County Council. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  26. ^ Rudd 2007, pp. 112.
  27. ^ *"Mortham [Tower]". Open Domesday. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  28. ^ *"Brignall". Open Domesday. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  29. ^ *"The 17th Century Days of the Mail Coach". The Morritt Hotel. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  30. ^ Rudd 2007, pp. 89.
  31. ^ a b c d e Rabbitts & Rabbitts 2022, pp. 43–46.
  32. ^ a b Rudd 2007, pp. 109.
  33. ^ Cite error: The named reference Magic_Help was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  34. ^ a b "MAGiC MaP : Woden Croft near Cotherstone". Natural England.
  35. ^ "MAGiC MaP : Cotherstone village". Natural England.
  36. ^ a b Rudd 2007, pp. 107–110.
  37. ^ "MAGiC MaP : Startforth near Barnard Castle". Natural England.
  38. ^ "MAGiC MaP : Bowes village". Natural England.
  39. ^ a b Historic England. "WODEN CROFT (1323058)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  40. ^ Rudd 2007, pp. 82.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g Warwick & Parker 2016, pp. 1–128.
  42. ^ a b c Rudd 2007, pp. 78.
  43. ^ Rudd 2007, pp. 84.
  44. ^ *"ROKEBY: CANTO IV". poetandpoem.com. Retrieved 3 July 2024.

Notes

  1. ^ In 1773 John Sawry Morritt (father of J B S Morritt) paid for the rebuilding of the Greta bridge and for the building of the Abbey Bridge.
  2. ^ a b Historic England
    ..."house is claimed to be the former George and New Inn, at which Charles Dickens stayed while researching Nicholas Nickleby.[15]
  3. ^ Historic England
    ..."Immediately to the north of the fort there are the buried remains of the Roman road and the vicus. These remains were identified and partially excavated in the 1970s in advance of the A66 road re-alignment at Greta Bridge...[14]
  4. ^ Historic England
    ..."The exact date for the construction of the fort is uncertain; some evidence suggests it was constructed during the first century AD, but it may be as late as the late second century or the early third century.[14]
  5. ^ Tynedale Hadrian's Wall Group
    ..."Greta Bridge Roman Fort was probably built about 80AD about the same time as the first road... [16]
  6. ^ For an example see – Vacomagi
  7. ^ MacKillop – ...Celtic Mythology
    Condatis..."A god worshipped in Roman occupied Britain, much associated with the confluence of rivers..."His shrines have been found between the Tyne and Tees rivers..."His name is commemorated in many place names...[19]
  8. ^ Neil OliverAncient Britain
    ..."Twinning of gods and goddesses was a tactic the Romans employed all across the Empire...[20]
  9. ^ See also – Vacomagi
  10. ^ Historic England
    ..."Two areas of the vicus were uncovered and partially excavated in the 1970's. The first lies 200m north west of the fort on the west bank of the Tutta Beck.[14]
  11. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."J B S Morritt ...related the damage done by the River Greta in 1771.[23] The river

    ..."rose in the most extraordinary manner during what is still known as the great flood"

  12. ^ a b Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."Greta Bridge was an important staging post...in 1804 there were two inns...but by 1834 a third had been built a few hundred yards to the south-east[30]
  13. ^ The Morritt Hotel – Days of the Mail Coach
    ..."Through the 17th Century ...Greta Bridge was the second overnight stop for the London-Carlisle mail coach, bringing with it a considerable number of visitors.
    ..."There were three inns at Greta Bridge, including The George, and the New Inn, which is now Thorpe Farm...[29]
  14. ^ a b c Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."In a letter of 1833 William Wordsworth's daughter Dora suggests that Rokeby was a popular stop on the journey to see the Hutchinsons, then living at Stockton-on-Tees ...[23]
  15. ^ Mary's parents had moved to Stockton-on-Tees from their farm on the Sockburn Peninsula – near the Tees.
  16. ^ Rabbitts – Cotherstone...
    ..."Alan Lee, writing in his Short guide to Romaldkirk lists the burials of five pupils from the school run by Adam Thwaite in Cotherstone between 1805 and 1812...One of these pupils came from Kent and another from London...[31]
  17. ^ Rabbitts – Cotherstone...
    ..."A prospectus for John Smith's Academy of 1830 and associated letter:[31]

    ..."this one of Smith's at Cotherstone was very badly conducted and the boys half starved. My uncle has seen them taking turnips from a field...

  18. ^ Rabbitts – Cotherstone...
    ..."Baines directory of 1832 describes Cotherstone:[31]

    ..."Pleasantly situated on the banks of the Tees...likewise two boarding schools, chiefly occupied by boarders from London.

  19. ^ a b Rabbitts – Cotherstone...
    ..."When Edward Simpson opened a dale boarding school for boys it was not long before he attracted the sons of affluent families living in the South...[31]
  20. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."So great was the effect of the novel that of the 800 boys in the four schools in Bowes when its serialisation started only 20 were left when it was completed.[32]
  21. ^ a b Historic England
    ..."Woden Croft II House, formerly a private academy run by Edward Simpson. Dated 1792 (on front door lintel)...[39]
  22. ^ Rabbitts – Cotherstone...
    ..."There were, in fact, two boarding schools for young gentlemen in the village environs, and these were closed in the 1830s...[31]
  23. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."Dickens and Browne probably saw the few schools around Startforth before making for Bowes.[36]
  24. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."Willian Cudworth in the Darlington Half Holiday Guide (1899) states that the Bowes Academy was rather a superior school; that there were three other schools in Bowes, and Dickens had intended to caricature Bowes Hall at the foot of the village.[36]
  25. ^ From 1785 the mail coach also stopped at Bowes, in order to service the four schools there.[32]
  26. ^ See also Family trees of the Norse gods.
  27. ^ See also – Contents
  28. ^ Warwick – River Tees...
    ..."The house is a fine Palladian villa...sold to the Morritt family in 1769...[41]
  29. ^ Warwick – River Tees...
    ..."Painters, poets and writers were frequent visitors to Rokeby in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries...[41]
  30. ^ Warwick – River Tees...
    ..."Rokeby Park...featured strongly in the conversion of Teesdale into a tourist hot spot...[41]
  31. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."Having stayed overnight at Piercebridge, Wordsworth, Coleridge and Cottle explored the area around Greta Bridge...[23]
  32. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."The owner of Rokeby, J B S Morritt, had readily agreed to the 22-year-old Francis Cholmeley's request that Cotman accompany him on a visit to his estate...[42]
  33. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."The best known Greta watercolours are two versions of Greta Bridge made from a pencil sketch that has survived...In the two watercolours, made in 1805 and 1810...[42]
  34. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."Interestingly, although Cotman's sketch shows the curved parapet of the bridge, for both watercolours he returns to the pre-1771 triangular shape depicted in a 18th century painting hanging in Rokeby Hall...[42]
  35. ^ Rudd – The Discovery of Teesdale
    ..."Morritt reminds Scott of their rides up Deepdale and along the Tees to Cotherstone...Rokeby's owner offers his services as a guide, and hints at the tourist trade Scott's poem is likely to bring:[43]

    ..."I shall raise the rent of my inn at Greta Bridge...I hear that the people of Callander have made a fortune by you...

  36. ^ Warwick – River Tees...
    ..."The literary work that did most to popularise the natural beauties of Teesdale...was by Walter Scott ...[41]

Sources