Maleng language

Maleng
Maleng
Pakatan
Bo
Native to	Laos, Vietnam
Native speakers	3,700 (2000–2007)
Language family	Austroasiatic Vietic Chutic Maleng; ; ;
Dialects	Atel; Thémarou; Arao; Makang; Malang; Maleng; Tơe;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; pkt – Pakatan; bgl – Bo
Glottolog	male1282 Maleng; bola1249 Bo-Maleng
ELP	Maleng

Maleng (autonym: /malɛ̤ŋ²/^[2]), also known as Pakatan and Bo, is a Vietic language of Laos and Vietnam.

Maleng has the four-way register system of Thavung augmented with pitch.^[3]

Malieng, despite having the same name as Maleng, is a dialect of Chut (Chamberlain 2003, Sidwell 2009).

Varieties

Maleng consists of three dialect clusters:^[2]

Maleng (Mã Liềng); Kha Pakatan; Malang; Arem/Harème (Rivière 1902).^[4] Sub-varieties include Kha Muong Ben and Kha Bo (Fraisse 1950).^[5]
Ma Lieng, also known as Pa Leng (Đặng Nghiêm Vạn et al. 1986)^[6]
Kha Phong (formerly an exonym, but now also used as an autonym); Maleng Kari; Maleng Bro. Also known as Kha Nam Om (Fraisse 1949).^[7] The Kha Phong live in 2 to 3 villages in Laos, and in one village in Ha Tinh province, Vietnam. Strongly influenced by Lao. Maleng Bro was documented by Michel Ferlus in 1992 (see Ferlus 1997^[8]), and also by the 2012-2013 Russian-Vietnamese Linguistic Expedition.

Maleng is spoken in the following villages of Laos and Vietnam.^[9]

Khammouane province, Laos
- Nậm Huay
- Pung Kợt
- Song Khon
- Upper Nrong River
- Xang Huay E An
Quảng Bình province (500+ people) and Hà Tĩnh province (in Hương Khê district; 133 people in 2012), Vietnam^[2]
- Hương Lâm
- Hương Liên
- Lâm Hóa

^ Pakatan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Bo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ ^a ^b ^c Babaev, Kirill; Samarina, Irina (2021). Sidwell, Paul (ed.). A Grammar of May: An Austroasiatic Language of Vietnam. Brill. p. 12. ISBN 978-9-00446-108-6.
^ Sidwell, Paul. Vietic languages. Mon-Khmer Languages Project.
^ Rivière, Capitaine M. 1902. Vocabulaires Hang-Tcheh, Khas Xos, Harème. Mission Pavie, Géographie et voyages. IV. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
^ Fraisse, André. 1950. Les tribus Sèk et Kha de la province de Cammon (Laos). Bulletin de la Société des études indochinoises 25.3:333–348.
^ Đặng Nghiêm Vạn, Chu Thái Sơn, Lưu Hùng. 1986. Les ethnies minoritaires du Vietnam. Hanoi: Editions en langues étrangères.
^ Fraisse, André. 1949. Une civilisation de clairière au Laos: le Cammon. Annales de Géographie 58.310:158–161.
^ Ferlus, Michel. 1997. Le maleng brô et le vietnamien. Mon-Khmer Studies 27:55–66.
^ Babaev, Kirill Vladimirovich [Бабаев, Кирилл Владимирович]; Samarina, Irina Vladimirovna [Самарина, Ирина Владимировна]. 2019. Язык май. Материалы Российско-вьетнамской лингвистической экспедиции / Jazyk maj. Materialy Rossijsko-vetnamskoj lingvisticheskoj ekspeditsii. Moscow: Издательский Дом ЯСК. ISBN 978-5-907117-34-1. (in Russian). p.16.