Jump to content

Hurricane Dorian

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Zzzs (talk | contribs) at 09:29, 13 October 2024 (→Notes: forgot this). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Dorian.
Not to be confused with Hurricane Doria.

Hurricane Dorian
Dorian at peak intensity while making landfall in the Abaco Islands on September 1
Meteorological history
FormedAugust 24, 2019
ExtratropicalSeptember 7, 2019
DissipatedSeptember 10, 2019
Category 5 major hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds185 mph (295 km/h)
Lowest pressure910 mbar (hPa); 26.87 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities84[a]
Missing245
Damage≥$5.1 billion (2019 USD)
(Costliest in Bahamian history)
Areas affectedLesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, The Bahamas (especially the Abaco Islands and Grand Bahama), Eastern United States (especially Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas), Eastern Canada
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season
History

Effects

Other wikis

Hurricane Dorian was an extremely powerful and catastrophic tropical cyclone, which became the most intense on record to strike The Bahamas. It is tied with the 1935 Labor Day hurricane for the strongest landfall in the Atlantic basin in terms of maximum sustained winds. It is regarded as the worst natural disaster in The Bahamas' recorded history.[1] With winds peaking at 185 mph (295 km/h), it was also one of the most powerful hurricanes recorded in the Atlantic Ocean in terms of 1-minute sustained winds, and the strongest since Wilma in 2005. Dorian was the fourth named storm, second hurricane, the first major hurricane, and the first Category 5 hurricane of the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season. Dorian struck the Abaco Islands on September 1 with maximum sustained winds of 185 mph (295 km/h), tying with the 1935 Labor Day hurricane for the highest wind speeds of an Atlantic hurricane ever recorded at landfall. Dorian went on to strike Grand Bahama at similar intensity, stalling just north of the territory with unrelenting winds for at least 24 hours. The resultant damage to these islands was catastrophic; most structures were flattened or swept to sea, and at least 70,000 people were left homeless. After it ravaged through The Bahamas, Dorian proceeded along the coasts of the Southeastern United States and Atlantic Canada, leaving behind considerable damage and economic losses in those regions.

Dorian developed from a tropical wave on August 24 over the Central Atlantic. The storm moved through the Lesser Antilles and became a hurricane north of the Greater Antilles on August 28. Dorian proceeded to undergo rapid intensification over the following days, before reaching its peak as a Category 5 hurricane with one-minute sustained winds of 185 mph (295 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 910 millibars (26.87 inHg) by September 1. It made landfall in The Bahamas in Elbow Cay, just east of Abaco Island, and again on Grand Bahama several hours later, where it remained nearly stationary for the next day or so. After weakening considerably, Dorian began moving northwestward on September 3, parallel to the east coast of Florida. Dwindling in strength, the hurricane turned to the northeast the next day and made landfall on Cape Hatteras at Category 2 intensity on September 6. Dorian transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 7, before striking first Nova Scotia and then Newfoundland with hurricane-force winds on the next day. The storm finally dissipated near Greenland on September 10.

From August 26 to August 28, the storm affected several parts of the northernmost Lesser Antilles. Damaging winds primarily affected the Virgin Islands where gusts reached 111 mph (179 km/h). Extensive precautionary measures were taken to mitigate damage, especially in Puerto Rico, where one person died. Elsewhere in the Lesser Antilles, impacts from the storm were relatively minor. In preparation for the storm, the states of Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia all declared a state of emergency and many coastal counties from Florida to North Carolina issued mandatory evacuation orders. Damage in The Bahamas was catastrophic due to the prolonged and intense storm conditions, including heavy rainfall, high winds and storm surge, with thousands of homes destroyed and at least 77 direct deaths recorded, 74 of which occurred in The Bahamas. The true death toll is unknown, with 245 people still missing as of August 2020.[2] Dorian is the costliest disaster in Bahamian history, estimated to have left behind $3.4 billion (2020 USD) in damage in that country, while causing a total of $5.1 billion in damage overall. Due to the damage and loss of life, the name Dorian was later retired from the Atlantic rotating naming lists by the World Meteorological Organization.

Meteorological history

Main article: Meteorological history of Hurricane Dorian
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On August 19, 2019, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) identified a tropical wave—an elongated trough of low air pressure—within a monsoon trough over Guinea and Senegal in western Africa. Convective activity associated with the wave was limited by an abundance of Saharan dust in the region.[3] Propagating west over the tropical Atlantic Ocean, the system remained disorganized for several days.[4] On August 23, a defined area of low pressure consolidated at the surface and thunderstorm activity increased.[5] The system acquired sufficient organized convection to be classified as Tropical Depression Five at 15:00 UTC on August 24. At this time the system was situated 805 mi (1,300 km) east-southeast of Barbados. A deep ridge imparted continued westward movement of the depression, steering it toward the Lesser Antilles.[6] A small cyclone, it soon developed a defined inner core with a 12 mi (18 km) wide eye-like feature. This marked the system's intensification into a tropical storm, at which time it was assigned the name Dorian by the NHC.[7] Thereafter, moderate wind shear and surrounding dry air limited further organization.[8] Rainbands gradually wrapped more around Dorian on August 25–26, though convection remained inconsistent.[9][10]

Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Rank Hurricane Season Wind speed
mph km/h
1 "Labor Day" 1935 185 295
Dorian 2019
3 Irma 2017 180 285
4 Janet 1955 175 280
Camille 1969
Anita 1977
David 1979
Dean 2007
9 "Cuba" 1924 165 270
Andrew 1992
Maria 2017
Source: HURDAT,[11] AOML/HRD[12]
†Strength refers to maximum sustained wind speed
upon striking land.

Dorian continued moving west and made landfall at 01:00 UTC on August 27 in Barbados, bringing tropical storm-force winds and heavy rain.[13] It then started moving northwestward toward Saint Lucia. At 11:00 UTC of the same day, Dorian made landfall on the island of Saint Lucia as a tropical storm,[14] briefly disrupting the core of the storm, before entering the Caribbean Sea.[15] The storm underwent a center relocation further north, to the west of Martinique, causing the island to experience tropical storm-force winds as well.[16] Dorian had been predicted to travel northwest and pass over or near the Dominican Republic or Puerto Rico,[17] possibly allowing their mountainous terrain to weaken the tropical storm. At that time, dry air and wind shear were expected to prevent Dorian from attaining hurricane status—although just barely.[18] However, Dorian took a more northerly track than expected, causing it to pass to the east of Puerto Rico and hit the US Virgin Islands. On August 28, Dorian intensified into a Category 1 hurricane as it approached the US Virgin Islands, where hurricane-force winds were recorded; at 15:30 UTC that day, Dorian became a hurricane and made landfall in Saint Croix and a few hours later, at 18:00 UTC, Dorian made landfall on Saint Thomas at a slightly higher intensity.[14][19] However, the hurricane's small size prevented mainland Puerto Rico from experiencing hurricane- or tropical storm-force winds, although this was not the case for the Spanish Virgin Islands.[20]

Once the system moved north past the Virgin Islands, the storm entered a more favorable environment. On the next day, the system started to rapidly intensify, reaching Category 2 status early on August 30.[21] Rapid intensification continued, and the storm eventually reached major hurricane status several hours later, on the same day.[22] This strengthening trend came to a halt for the remainder of the day, but soon resumed.[23] The system continued strengthening, and on August 31, Dorian attained Category 4 major hurricane status.[24] Dorian reached Category 5 intensity on the following day.[25] On the morning of September 1, a dropsonde deployed by a NOAA aircraft measured a wind gust of 176 knots (326 km/h; 203 mph) at the surface. With one-minute sustained winds of 180 mph (285 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 913 mbar (27.0 inHg), the NHC noted that Dorian was the strongest hurricane in modern records to affect the northwestern Bahamas.[26]

Hurricane Dorian as seen from the International Space Station on September 2, 2019

At 16:40 UTC on September 1, Dorian made landfall on Great Abaco Island in The Bahamas, with one-minute sustained winds of 185 mph (298 km/h), wind gusts over 220 mph (355 km/h), and a central barometric pressure of 910 millibars (27 inHg),[27][28] as Dorian reached its peak intensity during landfall.[29] Storm chaser Josh Morgerman observed a pressure of 913.4 mbar (26.97 inHg) in Marsh Harbour.[30] Dorian's forward speed decreased around this time, slowing to a westward crawl of 5 mph (8.0 km/h).[29] At 02:00 UTC on September 2, Dorian made landfall on Grand Bahama near the same intensity, with the same sustained wind speed.[31] Afterward, Dorian's forward speed slowed to just 1 knot (1.2 mph; 1.9 km/h), as the Bermuda High that was steering the storm westward weakened. Later that day, the storm began to undergo an eyewall replacement cycle to the north of Grand Bahama; the Bermuda High to the northeast of Dorian also collapsed, causing Dorian to stall just north of Grand Bahama.[32][33] Around the same time, the combination of the eyewall replacement cycle and upwelling of cold water caused Dorian to begin weakening, with Dorian dropping to Category 4 status at 15:00 UTC.[34] Due to the absence of steering currents, Dorian stalled north of Grand Bahama for about a day.[35][36] Dorian subsequently weakened to a Category 2 storm on September 3, before beginning to move northwestward at 15:00 UTC, parallel to the east coast of Florida, with Dorian's wind field expanding during this time.[36]

While moving northwestward, Dorian gradually reorganized. At 06:00 UTC on September 5, Dorian moved over the warm waters of the Gulf Stream and completed its eyewall replacement cycle, reintensifying into a Category 3 hurricane off the coast of South Carolina.[37] However, several hours later, Dorian encountered high wind shear, causing the storm to weaken to a Category 2 hurricane[38] early on September 6.[39] Then, at 12:35 UTC that day, Dorian made landfall in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina as a Category 2 hurricane, with 1-minute sustained winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 956 mb (28.2 inHg).[14][40] Afterward, Dorian began to transition into an extratropical cyclone as it quickly moved northeastward, completing its transition on September 7.[41] The storm maintained its intensity, due to baroclinic processes, generating Category 2 hurricane-equivalent winds.[42][43] Several hours later, at 7:05 p.m. AST on September 7 (23:05 UTC on September 7), Dorian made landfall on Sambro Creek, Nova Scotia, as a Category 1-equivalent extratropical storm,[44] before making its fourth and final landfall on the northern part of Newfoundland several hours later.[14][45] By 11:00 p.m. AST on September 8 (03:00 UTC on September 9), Dorian had moved into the Labrador Sea, 375 miles off the coast, moving northeastward at 24 mph (39 km/h), with wind speeds of 60 mph (97 km/h), maintaining tropical storm-strength winds.[46] As Dorian no longer posed a threat to Atlantic Canada at that time, the NHC issued their final advisory on the storm.[47] On September 10, Dorian's extratropical remnant dissipated off the coast of southern Greenland.[48]

Preparations

Caribbean

Main article: Effects of Hurricane Dorian in the Caribbean

Prior to Dorian's arrival in the Lesser Antilles, local governments issued various tropical cyclone warnings and watches across the islands.[14] LIAT cancelled multiple flights across the Lesser Antilles due to the storm and airports across the Virgin Islands temporarily suspended operations.[49][50] Many of the threatened islands suffered devastating impacts in 2017 from Hurricanes Irma and Maria, lending to greater vigilance.[51] In Barbados, thirty-eight shelters opened island-wide, with 103 residents seeking refuge in them. All public services were suspended for the duration of the storm.[52][53] Homeless persons were transported to shelter by emergency personnel.[54] On August 26, St. Lucia prime minister Allen Chastanet announced that the nation would "shut down" for the duration of Dorian.[55] In Dominica, Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit ordered all public sector workers to remain home and prepare for the storm.[56] The Ministry of Public Works mobilized heavy machinery and the police were placed on high alert.[51]

Puerto Rico Wanda Vázquez Garced declared a state of emergency for the territory on August 27.[19] The following day, the Puerto Rico National Guard was activated to support any relief operations related to the storm.[57] Fears centered around the still-unstable power grid which was largely destroyed by Maria;[58] hundreds of utility workers were deployed to quickly fix any outages.[59] In some areas, power lines remained affixed to palm trees.[58] An estimated 30,000 homes still had damaged roofs from the 2017 hurricane.[60] Territory-wide, 360 shelters with a collective capacity of 48,500 persons opened; 24,000 cots were distributed to these shelters.[19] A state of emergency was declared for the United States Virgin Islands on August 28.[19] Curfews were enacted for the British and United States Virgin Islands for the duration of the hurricane.[49][61]

Bahamas

Main article: Effects of Hurricane Dorian in The Bahamas

A warning to take immediate cover was issued by the NHC Twitter account, at 11 a.m. EDT on September 1, 2019, as Dorian made landfall in Elbow Cay, Bahamas, at 16:40 UTC as a Category 5 hurricane.[62][63] Samuel Butler, the Royal Bahamas Police Force assistant commissioner with responsibility for Grand Bahama and the Northern Region (Abaco, Bimini and the Berry Islands), told residents "if you do not heed to the warning [...] we know that the end could be fatal" and Don Cornish, the administrator with the City of Freeport told others seeking shelter at Old Bahama Bay Hotel "that is not a good idea [...] reconsider that decision".[64]

Mainland United States

President Trump at a FEMA briefing on the hurricane

Florida

On August 28, Florida governor Ron DeSantis declared a state of emergency for 26 counties in the hurricane's expected path.[59][65] This later expanded to the entire state on August 29. First responders distributed sandbags in many counties. Residents began stocking up on supplies throughout the state. In Brevard County, locals worked to trim large tree branches to protect power lines.[66] The University of Central Florida, Stetson University, Rollins College, and Daytona State College cancelled classes between August 30 and September 3.[67] In addition, the Florida Institute of Technology, University of North Florida, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Florida Atlantic University, University of South Florida, Florida International University and the University of Miami cancelled classes for at least one day on top of the three-day Labor Day weekend.[citation needed] The National Park Service shut down Biscayne National Park starting at 1:30pm on August 30.[68]

When it became apparent that Dorian would near the Florida coastline, a tropical storm watch was issued for the Florida east coast from Deerfield Beach to Sebastian Inlet on August 31. It was upgraded to a tropical storm warning a few hours later. A hurricane watch was issued for the area north of Deerfield Beach on September 1, and it was upgraded to a hurricane warning later that day. On the night of September 1, a hurricane watch was issued for Volusia and Broward counties, which was later upgraded to a hurricane warning and extended down the coast.

President Trump receives an update on Hurricane Dorian on August 29, 2019.

The Florida State League and Gulf Coast League of Minor League Baseball both cancelled the remainder of the regular season and the playoffs due to the hurricane.[69][70] In college football, the game between the Florida State Seminoles and the Boise State Broncos originally scheduled for 7 p.m. on August 31 in Jacksonville was moved to 12:00 p.m. on August 31 in Tallahassee to move the game out of the path of the storm.[71] The Orlando Pride of the National Women's Soccer League postponed their game against the Washington Spirit from August 31 to October 5.[72] The Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball also postponed a game against the Baltimore Orioles.[73]

Kay Ivey, Governor of Alabama, announced that the Alabama National Guard would be sending up to fifty support personnel to Florida to aid in recovery efforts.[74][75] On September 1, Governor DeSantis said that 4,500 members of the United States National Guard had been activated to help aid those affected by Dorian, saying that the hurricane is "way too close for comfort."[76] On Sunday, September 1, Jacksonville, Florida, announced mandatory evacuations for Monday, September 2, taking effect at 8 a.m. The city bridges closed when wind speeds of 40 mph (64 km/h) were recorded. Emergency shelters opened at 10 a.m. on Monday.[77] Broward County Public Schools will be closed Tuesday;[78] all city and government offices, as well as all Duval County Public Schools, St. Johns County Public Schools, and Brevard Public Schools will be closed for Tuesday and Wednesday. Neptune Beach, Jacksonville Beach, and Atlantic Beach will closed Sunday night.[77] On September 2, a curfew was set in place for Flagler County that will start at 7 p.m. Tuesday until further notice.[79] Legoland Florida and parts of Walt Disney World were closed on Tuesday.[80] The parts not closed stayed open until either 2 p.m or 3 p.m. EDT.[81] It was announced on Tuesday that Walt Disney World would fully open back up for Wednesday.[82] Uber started offering fee waivers on roundtrip rides to and from shelters for up to $20.[83] Comcast started offering free Wi-Fi to everyone in Florida, Verizon provided unlimited calling, data, and texting for customers, and AT&T waived data overage charges for residents.[84] On September 3, 115 general shelters and 48 special needs shelters were open across the state of Florida.[85]

Georgia

On August 28, Georgia governor Brian Kemp declared a state of emergency for coastal counties of Georgia that are in the forecast path of the hurricane, including Brantley, Bryan, Camden, Charlton, Chatham, Effingham, Glynn, Liberty, Long, McIntosh, Pierce and Wayne counties.[86] Governor Kemp added several more counties on Wednesday, September 4, bringing the total number of counties under emergency to 21.[87] Atlanta Motor Speedway opened their campgrounds free of charge to evacuees of Hurricane Dorian.[88] The Georgia State Park System waived parking and pet fees at their parks and made many campgrounds available for evacuees.[89] Georgia State University offered free tickets to their September 7 football game to any evacuees.[90] The College of Coastal Georgia announced campus closures for both Tuesday and Wednesday following Labor Day.[91] Savannah State University also cancelled classes Tuesday. The Georgia coast began experiencing tropical storm force wind gusts and Dorian's outer rain on Wednesday, September 4.[92]

On September 2, a hurricane watch was issued for the south coast of Georgia as Dorian neared. It was later extended to include the whole coast. A tropical storm warning was issued for the entire coast as well.[citation needed]

South Carolina

Major General Roy V. McCarty of the South Carolina National Guard and Governor Henry McMaster conduct a briefing on the hurricane.

On August 31, South Carolina governor Henry McMaster declared a state of emergency for the entire state after the path of Dorian shifted to affect South Carolina as a strong hurricane.[93]

On September 1, during a news conference, Governor McMaster announced that mandatory evacuations for Jasper, Beaufort, Colleton, Charleston, Berkeley, Dorchester, Georgetown, and Horry counties will go into effect on Monday, September 2, at noon. State government offices and schools in the counties previously mentioned will be closed until further notice, starting Tuesday.[94] Due to the evacuations, many colleges including College of Charleston and Coastal Carolina University were closed from Tuesday until further notice.[citation needed]

On September 2, as Dorian's track shifted, a hurricane watch was issued for the entire coast. This was later upgraded to a warning as Dorian's expected track took it near the coast.[citation needed]

North Carolina

On August 30, North Carolina governor Roy Cooper declared a state of emergency for the entire state, due to the hurricane.[95] Charlotte Motor Speedway opened their campgrounds free of charge to evacuees of Hurricane Dorian.[96] In Durham, a large statewide hurricane shelter opened inside the former Sears store at the Northgate Mall.[97]

The University of North Carolina at Wilmington cancelled classes for the week of September 3 and issued a mandatory evacuation of the campus.[98] Over the Labor Day weekend, several school districts announced plans to close ahead of expected evacuations. New Hanover County, Pender County and Brunswick County, all in the Cape Fear region, cancelled public schools on September 4–5, as did several private schools and community colleges.[99]

Early voting for most counties in the special election in North Carolina's 3rd congressional district and for some counties in the special election for the 9th congressional district was also temporarily halted after Wednesday, September 4 as a result, until the North Carolina State Board of Elections could decide what action to take.[100] Ultimately, Karen Brinson Bell, the Board's Executive Director, would opt to use her emergency powers to extend early voting hours for the 9th district through Saturday, September 7, but only in four harder-hit counties that actually closed polling sites,[101] and to have other counties further inland which did not close polling sites[102] end early voting on Friday, September 6, as originally prescribed under state law, in order to make the most of the district's resources.[103] Likewise, the Board extended early voting hours through Saturday for 11 counties[104] in the 3rd district, but not for 6 other affected counties [105] suffering from "power outages, poor conditions or a lack of workers."[106][107]

Further north, along the Outer Banks in Dare County a mandatory evacuation order was given on September 2, 2019. Visitors and tourists were required to evacuate by noon on September 3, while residents were required to evacuate by 6:00 a.m. on September 4.[108] The state's ports were closed starting at 1:00 p.m. on Wednesday, September 4, until further notice. On September 3, Governor Cooper activated more than 300 members of the North Carolina National Guard to help aid in recovery efforts.[109]

On September 3, a hurricane watch was issued for the entire coastline. It was later upgraded to a warning just a few hours later.

Virginia

On September 2, Virginia governor Ralph Northam declared a state of emergency ahead of Dorian's anticipated impact on coastal Virginia.[110][111]

On September 3, a tropical storm watch was issued for the Delmarva Peninsula. This was upgraded to a warning a day later as Dorian's track became more apparent.

Maryland and Delaware

On September 4, as Dorian's large size was expected to potentially bring tropical storm conditions to southern Maryland and Delaware, in correspondence with the upgrading of the tropical storm watch in effect for the Delmarva to a warning, a tropical storm watch was issued for areas south of Fenwick Island, and areas of the Tidal Potomac River south of Cobb Island, as well as areas south of Drum Point. In Ocean City, Maryland, officials closed the seawall and removed items from the beach and boardwalk; swimming restrictions were also put into place.[112][113] In Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, swimming restrictions were also put into place, while the portion of the weekend Sandcastle Contest to take place on September 6 was cancelled.[113] Larry Hogan also authorized Maryland's Helicopter Aquatic Rescue Team to help with the North Carolina rescue.[114]

New England

As Dorian was pulled to the northeast by a passing cold front, the storm passed just 150 miles (240 km) offshore of New England. As a result of this near-miss, a tropical storm watch was issued on September 5 from Woods Hole to Sagamore Beach, including Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, in Massachusetts. It was upgraded to a warning later the same day. On September 6, a tropical storm warning was issued for the northern coast of Maine from Bar Harbor to Eastport.

Elsewhere

In Tennessee, Bristol Motor Speedway opened one of their campgrounds free of charge to evacuees of Hurricane Dorian.[115] Along the Jersey Shore in New Jersey, officials in Margate City prepared sandbags in case of flooding from the storm while officials in Brigantine removed lifeguard stands and boats from the beach.[116]

In advance of Dorian, Airbnb offered free housing to evacuees in Florida, Georgia, Alabama, and the Carolinas, valid from August 31 through September 16.[117] AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, and T-Mobile waived charges and/or provided unlimited data to customers within affected states.[118] The American Red Cross Utah Region deployed members to the Southeast U.S.[119] For days in advance of the storm, experts at U.S. Geological Survey warned of the likelihood of rip currents and beach erosion along the Southeast U.S. shoreline.[120] The organization deployed at least 150 storm-tide sensors and 22 other instruments to track the hurricane's effects along the coast.[121]

Alabama controversy

Main article: Hurricane Dorian–Alabama controversy
See also: False or misleading statements by Donald Trump § Hurricane Dorian

On September 1, President Donald Trump tweeted that multiple states, including Alabama, "will most likely be hit (much) harder than anticipated."[122] By that date, no weather forecaster was predicting that Dorian would impact Alabama, and the eight National Hurricane Center forecast updates over the preceding 24 hours showed Dorian steering well away from Alabama and moving up the Atlantic coast.[123][124] Trump was apparently relying on information that was several days old.[125] Twenty minutes later, the Birmingham, Alabama office of the National Weather Service (NWS) issued a tweet that appeared to contradict Trump, saying that Alabama "will NOT see any impacts from Dorian".[126] Over the following days Trump insisted repeatedly that he had been right about the hurricane threatening Alabama.[127]

President Trump displays the altered map in a video published by the White House on September 4, 2019.

On September 4 in the Oval Office, Trump displayed a modified version of the National Hurricane Center's August 29 diagram of Dorian's projected track. The modification was done with a black Sharpie marker to extend the cone of uncertainty of the hurricane's possible path into southern Alabama.[128][129] Trump said he did not know how the map came to be modified.[130] The incident resulted in the hashtag "Sharpiegate" trending on Twitter.[131] Later the same day, Trump tweeted a map dated August 28, showing numerous projected paths of Dorian. Trump falsely asserted "almost all models" showed Dorian hitting Alabama, even though the map showed most predicted paths would not enter Alabama.[123][132]

On September 6, NOAA published an unsigned statement which supported Trump's initial claim that Alabama was a target of the storm and criticized the Birmingham NWS office for denying it.[133][134] It was later revealed that NOAA had been ordered to issue such a statement by Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross,[135] and that he had been told by Acting White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney to get NOAA to support Trump's original statement that Alabama was threatened.[136][137] This direct White House involvement raised questions about political influence over NOAA, and is under investigation by multiple agencies including NOAA's acting chief scientist, the inspector general of the Commerce Department, and the House of Representatives committee which oversees NOAA.[135][138][139]

Atlantic Canada

As Dorian approached Atlantic Canada, hurricane and tropical storm warnings were issued for Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland.[140] On September 6, the Halifax Regional Municipality encouraged residents living along the eastern shores of Nova Scotia to evacuate, citing expected high winds, heavy rainfall, and waves up to 15 m (49 ft) in height.[141] The Nova Scotia Emergency Management Office implored residents to secure easily dislodged objects to prevent high winds from turning them into projectiles, drawing comparisons to Hurricane Juan in 2003.[142] Nova Scotia Power set up an emergency operations center and mobilized 1,000 personnel, including forestry crews, damage assessors, as well as power line technicians from adjacent provinces, to prepare for Dorian's impacts.[143] WestJet, Air Canada, and Porter Airlines issued travel advisories for the weekend and waived rebooking fees for flights to and from affected areas.[144]

Impacts

Deaths and damage by territory
Territory Fatalities Missing Damage
(2019 USD) 		Ref
Lesser Antilles 0 0 Unknown
The Bahamas 74 245 $3.4 billion [14][145][146]
United States Puerto Rico 1 0 Unknown [147]
Florida 6 0 ≥$1.2 billion [148][149]
Georgia 0 0
South Carolina 0 0
North Carolina 3 0 [150]
Massachusetts 0 0
Maine 0 0
Canada 0 0 $78.9 million [151]
Totals: 84 245 $4.68 billion

Caribbean

Main article: Effects of Hurricane Dorian in the Caribbean

From August 26 to 29, Dorian produced damaging winds and heavy rain across the eastern Caribbean.[14] In Barbados, winds reached 55 mph (89 km/h),[152] downing trees and power lines.[53] Isolated interruptions to power occurred on St. Lucia; no damage occurred otherwise in the nation.[153][154] In Martinique, heavy rains—peaking at 102 mm (4.0 in) in Rivière-Pilote—and winds up to 61 mph (98 km/h) caused some damage, though overall damage was negligible.[155][156] Heavy showers in Dominica left multiple communities without power and water.[157] Rainfall extended north to Guadeloupe were accumulations reached 121 mm (4.8 in) in Matouba.[158] Striking the Virgin Islands as an intensifying hurricane, Dorian brought strong winds and heavy rains to the region.[19] Buck Island, just south of Saint Thomas, experienced sustained winds of 82 mph (132 km/h) and a peak gust of 111 mph (179 km/h).[159] Wind gusts on Saint Thomas reached 75 mph (121 km/h).[160] Island-wide blackouts occurred on Saint Thomas and Saint John, while 25,000 customers lost power on Saint Croix.[19][161] The high winds downed trees across the islands.[19] Along the coast, multiple boats broke from their moorings and washed ashore.[162][49] Some flooding occurred on Tortola in the British Virgin Islands.[61] Downed trees knocked out power to some residences on Virgin Gorda.[163] Because the hurricane moved farther northeast than initially anticipated, its effects in Puerto Rico were relatively limited.[19] A man in Bayamón died when he fell off his roof trying to clean drains in advance of the storm.[147]

The Bahamas

Main article: Effects of Hurricane Dorian in the Bahamas
Hurricane Dorian's destruction in The Bahamas
Top 5 Costliest Bahamian hurricanes
Rank Hurricane Season Damage Ref
1 Dorian 2019 $3.4 billion
2 Sandy 2012 $700 million
3 Irma 2017 $685 million
4 Matthew 2016 $580 million
5 Michelle 2001 $300 million
5 Frances 2004 $300 million [164]

Increased tides were experienced in The Bahamas ahead of the storm, with rip currents occurring as well. On September 1, 2019, hurricane conditions arrived in some of the Abaco Islands. A few hours later, destructive conditions arrived, with Hurricane Dorian making landfall as a Category 5 hurricane at 16:40 UTC, becoming the strongest hurricane in modern records to strike the northwestern Bahamas.[165] Around 12:30 pm AST, Category 5 winds arrived at The Bahamas with the eyewall. Gusts of over 200 mph (320 km/h) also occurred. Devastating storm surge of up to 23 feet swept away many buildings and submerged a large part of the affected areas.[166] At 7:00 (UTC) on September 2, 2019, Grand Bahama International Airport was underwater.[167] Minister of Agriculture Michael Pintard reported an estimated storm tide of 20 to 25 ft (6.1 to 7.6 m) at his home on Grand Bahama.[168] The Bahamas prime minister, Hubert Minnis, said "This is a deadly [...] monster storm".[169]

Marsh Harbour received "catastrophic damage", according to an ABC News team.[170] Over 75% of the homes had been damaged,[171] Marsh Harbour International Airport's runway was underwater,[172] there was significant flooding on streets and beaches, damage to trees and with some home's roofs ripped off entirely.[173] The scene was described by an ABC reporter as "pure hell".[170] An eight-year-old boy drowned in the storm surge, while the boy's sister was also reported to be missing.[174][175] Four other people, along with the eight-year-old boy, were confirmed dead on the Abaco Islands, the prime minister told reporters on Monday.[176][177] By Wednesday, the death toll had been raised to twenty, according to the prime minister.[178][179] This soon increased to forty-three by Saturday. However, a Bahamas newspaper suggested that the actual death toll could be over 3,000.[180]

The local animal shelters were hit hard by the storm with the Humane Society of Grand Bahama's experiencing stronger storm surges than expected. Workers had attempted to help the animals before retreating to the attic crawl space but almost half of the 190 dogs in their care died in the flooding and some of the 85 cats died as well.[181] The numbers of animals has varied with earlier reports claiming that there were 135 dogs and 155 cats in the shelters care, with 80 cats and 90 dogs surviving.[182]

It is feared that the Bahama nuthatch may have been wiped out by Dorian, as it caused catastrophic damage to the Bahamian pineyards.[183] A 2020 post-hurricane assessment by the IUCN Red List still entertains the probability of the species being extant, although likely having a maximum population size of only 50 individuals and likely well below that, and indicates that extensive surveys for the species will be needed to confirm its status.[184]

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) reported that as many as 13,000 homes were damaged or destroyed on Abaco Island. Extensive flooding is also believed to have caused water wells to be contaminated with seawater, creating an urgent need for clean water.[185] Total damage in the country reached $3.4 billion. Property damage accounted for $2.5 billion; the nation suffered $717 million in economic losses; and $221 million was required for debris removal and cleaning a large oil spill.[145]

Around 11:24 UTC on September 2, 2019, total power was lost on the island of New Providence,[186] the following day at 1:50 (UTC) 40% of power had been restored.[187]

Tropical storm conditions continued into Monday, September 2. At 2 p.m. EDT, a sustained wind of 56 mph (90 km/h) and a gust of 69 mph (110 km/h) at a NOAA Coastal Marine observing site at Settlement Point on the west end of Grand Bahama Island.[188]

On September 3, Prime Minister Hubert Minnis stated, "Our urgent task will be to provide food, water, shelter, safety and security. Additional food will be delivered by NEMA tomorrow." He went on to say that Dorian was "the greatest national crisis in our country's history."[189] The United Nations projected that as of Saturday, September 7, at least 70,000 people had been left homeless on Grand Bahama and the Abaco Islands.[190]

On Thursday, September 12, over 1,300 people were missing or unaccounted for in The Bahamas, a number which plummeted from 2,500 over the previous two weeks.[191] On September 26, the number of people missing in The Bahamas dropped to 600, while the official death toll rose to 56.[192] By February 2020, the death toll rose to 74; including 63 in Abaco and 11 in Grand Bahama, with 282 people still reported as missing.[146]

Mainland United States

The National Centers for Environmental Information estimated total damage in the United States to be in excess of $1.2 billion.[149][193]

Florida

Dorian off of Florida's east coast on September 2

On September 2, Florida began experiencing tropical storm-force winds. At 18:00 UTC (2 p.m. EDT), the pier in Juno Beach recorded a wind gust of 48 mph (75 km/h).[194] One death occurred in the central coast barrier island town of Indiatlantic, when a man fell three stories while boarding up his home.[195] During September 3 and 4, tropical storm force winds continued to move up the east coast of Florida, with the storm's eye staying about 100 miles away from landfall.[196]

Many areas along the Atlantic coast reporting gusts of over tropical storm force, especially at Cape Canaveral.[197] At 8 am EDT on September 4 at St. Augustine Beach, a sustained wind of 46 miles per hour (74 km/h) and a gust of 59 miles per hour (95 km/h) was reported.[198] In Jacksonville, the city experienced tropical storm force winds on September 4 which blew around debris and knocked out power. A lifeguard rescued a woman pulled out by a rip current in Jacksonville Beach while other swimmers were ordered out of the water.[199] Hurricane Dorian also caused three indirect deaths in Florida. A landscaper was electrocuted to death while trimming trees at a hotel in Naples, while two other people died during preparations for storm.[14]: 9 

The Carolinas

Main article: Effects of Hurricane Dorian in the Carolinas
See also: List of United States tornadoes from September to October 2019 § September 5 event

A fatality occurred in North Carolina on September 2, when an 85-year-old man fell off a ladder while boarding up his home, and another was confirmed dead on September 6, a 65-year-old man after he, too, fell off a ladder.[200][150] On September 5, several tornadoes spawned by Dorian were sighted in Onslow County.[201] At around 9 a.m. EST that day a tornado touched down in the town of Emerald Isle, causing severe damage to a recreational vehicle park and some mobile homes.[202] In total, 25 tornadoes were spawned by Dorian in North Carolina.[203] Flooding from the storm washed out a road in Sampson County.[204] On the same day, tropical-storm force winds had arrived in South Carolina. Dorian also produced some flooding, especially in Charleston.[205] Over 160,000 buildings lost power.[206] Two confirmed tornadoes were spawned in South Carolina by Dorian,[203] including a tornado that was reported in Little River that damaged trees, roofing, and lifted a car.[201] At the same day another tornado was reported in Myrtle Beach.[207] On the next day, Dorian made landfall in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina as a Category 2 storm.[208] Several people on Ocracoke Island were trapped in their attics by flooding from the 4-to-7-foot (1.2 to 2.1 m) storm surge, requiring rescue by boats. People were airlifted off the island to shelters on the mainland while food and water were brought in to residents on the island. NC 12 along Ocracoke Island suffered damage from flooding.[209] More than 190,000 people in North Carolina lost power from the storm.[210] The National Park Service Incident Management Team also reported that wave erosion from Dorian reshaped parts of the barrier islands in the Outer Banks.[211] High waves swept away a herd of cows from Cedar Island; three cows survived after being carried 4 mi (6.4 km) away to Core Banks.[212] A third fatality occurred on September 7 when a man died from injuries sustained in a chainsaw accident while he was trying to clear a fallen tree.[150]

Elsewhere

55 aircraft from military installations in Virginia and the Carolinas were evacuated to Pensacola in order to avoid the hurricane.[213] Waves from the hurricane caused erosion to the beaches in Delaware. In Bethany Beach, the waves narrowed the beaches and also damaged dune fencing.[214] The Jersey Shore saw gusty winds and rough waves from the storm.[215] The State of Alabama received no rainfall or wind effects from Hurricane Dorian during its track up the continental coast.[216] More than 3 in (76 mm) of rain fell in parts of Down East Maine. Gusts reached 40 to 50 mph (64 to 80 km/h) in coastal areas of the state, leaving hundreds of homes and businesses without power. Acadia National Park closed Sand Beach and Thunder Hole as a precaution and warned people to keep their distance from the waves.[217]

Atlantic Canada

Crane toppled by Dorian's hurricane-force winds on September 7, in Halifax, Nova Scotia

On September 7, 2019, at 5 p.m. EDT, Nova Scotia started to experience hurricane-force winds. By 7 p.m. EDT, the center of the storm passed over Halifax, while tropical storm conditions were being felt in Prince Edward Island.[218] By September 8, approximately 412,000 customers in Nova Scotia lost power, accounting for approximately 80 percent of the province, as well as 80,000 customers in New Brunswick.[219] Flooding was reported, roofs were torn off buildings, and a crane collapsed onto a building being constructed.[220] The collapse led to local evacuations for some residents and businesses.[221] First responders evacuated 31 persons from a campground in Prince Edward Island early Sunday morning, on September 7, as it was inundated by storm surge.[222] Though Dorian was post-tropical on arrival, winds off the coast of Nova Scotia were estimated to reach 155 km/h (96 mph), equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane.[223] Rainfall totals were highest in Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia, which received 161 mm (6.3 in) of rain. Various stations across Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island recorded rainfall amounts in excess of 130 mm (5.1 in).[223] Several stations recorded winds higher than 130 km/h (81 mph), with the highest gusts recorded in Grand Étang, Nova Scotia, at 155 km/h (96 mph).[223] In the Cavendish area of Prince Edward Island National Park, 80 percent of trees suffered damage from the high winds, and storm surge caused 2 metres (6.6 ft) of coastal erosion.[224] Winds of 120 km/h (75 mph) also affected the Magdalen Islands of Quebec in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.[225] Seven thousand customers were without power there at one point, representing nearly all customers on the islands. On the night of September 7, a buoy off the coast of Newfoundland detected a 100 ft (30 m) rogue wave, which had been generated by Dorian's winds.[226] Insurance damage across the region was estimated at C$105 million (US$78.9 million),[151] with power grid damage in Nova Scotia alone accounting for $39 million (Canadian) by Nova Scotia Power, making it the costliest storm in Nova Scotia Power's history.[227]

Aftermath

U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents deliver relief supplies to The Bahamas.
Grand Celebration helped transport evacuees from The Bahamas to Florida.
U.S. Customs agents examine documents for evacuees.

Bahamian prime minister Hubert Minnis praised the United States for "assisting us with all of our needs." President Donald Trump assured The Bahamian prime minister of help in relief efforts.[228] In September 2019, President Donald Trump stated that his administration is planning to extend temporary protected status to immigrants from the hurricane-hit Bahamas.[229] There was confusion with the statement however, with the acting Commissioner of US Customs and Border Protection Mark Morgan stating that the US would "...accept anyone on humanitarian reasons...".[230] Shortly after his statement Trump stated that no one would be allowed in without proper documentation, claiming "...The Bahamas had some tremendous problems with people going to The Bahamas that weren't supposed to be there" and the need to protect the US against gang members and drug dealers.[231]

The Bahamas Paradise, Royal Caribbean, Norwegian, and Carnival cruise lines started sending water bottles and meals to The Bahamas. The Grand Celebration offered to give a chance for evacuees to evacuate to Florida free of charge, given they have the proper documentation.[232] On September 7, the Grand Celebration helped bring more than 1,100 evacuees to Florida. The company stated in a press release that "the cruise line spent nearly a full day clearing potential evacuees, including vetting their visa and passport documentation."[233] The Royal Caribbean International also helped deliver more than 43,000 water bottles and 10,000 meals to The Bahamas.[232]

The United States branch of the Jehovah's Witnesses also participated in the relief efforts, delivering 100+ tons of relief supplies and 700 volunteer workers to the affected areas.[234]

The evacuation process was not without confusion as many evacuees who had boarded the Balearia Caribbean, were not told until the vessel had almost departed that anyone traveling to the United States without a visa must disembark. This caused many, including families with children to disembark. Blame for the confusion was placed on US Customs and Border Protection by the vessel who claimed to have been told that visa's were not necessary, and on the vessel by the US Customs and Border Protection who stated the vessel did not coordinate properly.[235]

As the hurricane had damaged or destroyed a majority of the Humane Society of Grand Bahama and killed many of the animals in its care, a GoFundMe was created in order to help renovate and aid the organization's locations. Surviving animals were airlifted to the United States in order to disperse them to other shelters while the organization was stabilized.[236]

About 300 military personnel from the Canadian Armed Forces were deployed to the Halifax area to assist with recovery.[237] Parks Canada estimated that 80 per cent of the trees in the western, Cavendish segment of Prince Edward Island National Park were downed by the storm, as well as causing 2 m (6.6 ft) of coastal erosion.[238] All public schools in Nova Scotia were closed on September 9 and 10. Public schools were closed across Prince Edward Island on the 9th, and most re-opened the next day.

News reports stated that the Bahama nuthatch has been wiped out by Dorian as it caused impact on the Bahamian pineyards.[183]

Records

Most intense landfalling Atlantic hurricanes
Intensity is measured solely by central pressure
Rank Hurricane Season Landfall pressure
1 "Labor Day"[nb 1] 1935 892 mbar (hPa)
2 Camille 1969 900 mbar (hPa)
Gilbert 1988
4 Dean 2007 905 mbar (hPa)
5 "Cuba" 1924 910 mbar (hPa)
Dorian 2019
7 Janet 1955 914 mbar (hPa)
Irma 2017
9 "Cuba" 1932 918 mbar (hPa)
10 Michael 2018 919 mbar (hPa)
Sources: HURDAT,[11] AOML/HRD,[12] NHC[240]

With sustained winds of 185 mph (295 km/h), Dorian is the strongest hurricane on record to strike The Bahamas since records began in 1851.[241][165]

Dorian is tied with the 1935 Labor Day hurricane for the highest sustained winds at landfall in an Atlantic hurricane;[242] by the same metric, it is also the strongest Atlantic hurricane since Wilma in 2005. By central pressure, it was the fifth lowest pressure of a hurricane at landfall. Dorian is one of only two Category 5 hurricanes to make landfall on the Abaco Islands, the other having occurred in 1932,[243] and is the only such storm on record to have impacted Grand Bahama.[244] With Dorian, 2019 became the fourth consecutive year to produce at least one Category 5 hurricane in the North Atlantic.[245][nb 2]

Additionally, Dorian featured the highest sustained winds in an Atlantic hurricane recorded at latitude (26.6°N),[246] and was the strongest Atlantic-basin hurricane ever detected outside of the tropics, surpassing Hurricane Irma.[247] Dorian also tracked the least distance in a 24-hour period recorded for an Atlantic major hurricane since Hurricane Betsy in 1965.[247] The storm impacted a single land area as a Category 5 hurricane for the longest duration recorded in the Atlantic basin, with portions of Dorian's eyewall striking Great Abaco Island and Grand Bahama with Category 5 winds for about 22 hours.[248]

Retirement

Due to the disastrous effects of the hurricane, particularly in The Bahamas, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) retired the name Dorian from its rotating name lists in April 2021, and it will never again be used to name an Atlantic tropical cyclone. It was replaced with Dexter for the 2025 season.[249] It was initially expected that Dorian would be retired in the spring of 2020. However, the WMO's 2020 hurricane committee meeting was held online and shortened due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in insufficient time for discussing potential retirements and replacements of tropical cyclone names.[250][251]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ 77 direct, 7 indirect
  1. ^ Storms with quotations are officially unnamed. Tropical storms and hurricanes were not named before the year 1950.[239]
  2. ^ The four-year period of 2016–2019 broke the record for most consecutive years yielding at least one Category 5 storm.[245]

References

  1. ^ "Search for survivors of Hurricane Dorian continues in Bahamas". The Guardian. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  2. ^ "The facts: Hurricane Dorian's devastating effect on The Bahamas". August 15, 2020.
  3. ^ Maria Torres (August 19, 2019). Tropical Weather Discussion (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original (.txt) on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  4. ^ Andrew Hagen (August 20, 2019). Tropical Weather Discussion (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original (.txt) on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  5. ^ John Beven (August 23, 2019). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  6. ^ Stacy Stewart (August 24, 2019). Tropical Depression Five Discussion Number 1 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  7. ^ Stacy Stewart (August 24, 2019). Tropical Storm Dorian Discussion Number 2. National Hurricane Center (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on August 25, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  8. ^ David Zelinsky (August 25, 2019). Tropical Storm Dorian Discussion Number 3 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  9. ^ John Beven (August 25, 2019). Tropical Storm Dorian Discussion Number 6 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  10. ^ Richard Pasch and Andrew Latto (August 26, 2019). Tropical Storm Dorian Discussion Number 7 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  11. ^ a b "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  12. ^ a b Landsea, Chris; Anderson, Craig; Bredemeyer, William; Carrasco, Cristina; Charles, Noel; Chenoweth, Michael; Clark, Gil; Delgado, Sandy; Dunion, Jason; Ellis, Ryan; Fernandez-Partagas, Jose; Feuer, Steve; Gamanche, John; Glenn, David; Hagen, Andrew; Hufstetler, Lyle; Mock, Cary; Neumann, Charlie; Perez Suarez, Ramon; Prieto, Ricardo; Sanchez-Sesma, Jorge; Santiago, Adrian; Sims, Jamese; Thomas, Donna; Lenworth, Woolcock; Zimmer, Mark (May 2015). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Metadata). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
  13. ^ Pasch, Richard J. (August 27, 2019). "Tropical Storm Dorian Advisory Number 11". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h Avila, Lixion A; Stewart, Stacy R; Berg, Robert J; Hagen, Andrew B (December 16, 2019). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Dorian (AL052019) (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  15. ^ Stacy R. Stewart (August 27, 2019). "Tropical Storm Dorian Discussion Number 13...Corrected". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  16. ^ Stewart, Stacy R. (August 27, 2019). "Tropical Storm Dorian Intermediate Advisory Number 13A". Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  17. ^ Chappell, Bill (August 26, 2019). "Tropical Storm Dorian Menaces Barbados, Could Become A Hurricane Tuesday". NPR. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019. By some time Wednesday, Dorian is expected to pass "near or between western Puerto Rico and the eastern Dominican Republic," the NHC says.
  18. ^ "Tropical Storm Dorian Will Approach Puerto Rico on Wednesday and Could Threaten Florida Labor Day Weekend". The Weather Channel. The Weather Company. August 27, 2019. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h "Hurricane Dorian does little damage to U.S. Virgin Islands". CBC.ca. CBC. August 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  20. ^ "Hurricane Dorian Tropical Storm-Force and Hurricane-Force Wind Swaths". National Hurricane Center. August 29, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  21. ^ Blake, Eric S. (August 30, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Advisory Number 23". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on August 31, 2019. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
  22. ^ Avila, Lixion A. (August 30, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Intermediate Advisory Number 25A". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
  23. ^ Cangialosi, John; Latto, Andrew (August 30, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Intermediate Advisory Number 26A". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on August 31, 2019. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
  24. ^ Cangialosi, John; Latto, Andrew (August 31, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Tropical Cyclone Update". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on August 31, 2019. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
  25. ^ Lixion A. Avila (September 1, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Intermediate Advisory Number 32A". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  26. ^ Avila, Lixion (September 1, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Discussion Number 33". nhc.noaa.gov. National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  27. ^ Avila, Lixion A. (September 1, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Advisory Number 33". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  28. ^ Blake, Eric S. (September 1, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Tropical Cyclone Update". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  29. ^ a b Avila, Lixion A. (September 1, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Discussion Number 34". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  30. ^ Josh Morgerman [@iCyclone] (September 5, 2019). "My lowest-pressures list has a new top dog. Ain't even close. #DORIAN" (Tweet). Retrieved September 7, 2019 – via Twitter.
  31. ^ Latto, Andrew (September 2, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Tropical Cyclone Update". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  32. ^ Cowan, Levi (September 2, 2019). "Tropical Tidbits — [8am Monday] Dorian Stalling over Grand Bahama". Tropical Tidbits. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  33. ^ Richard Pasch (September 2, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Discussion Number 36". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  34. ^ Daniel Brown (September 2, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Discussion Number 37". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  35. ^ Richard Pasch (September 3, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Discussion Number 40". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  36. ^ a b Daniel Brown (September 3, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Discussion Number 41". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  37. ^ Lixion A. Avila (September 5, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Discussion Number 47". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  38. ^ David Zelinsky; Michael Brennan (September 5, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Tropical Cyclone Update...Corrected". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  39. ^ John Cangialosi (September 6, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Discussion Number 52". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 6, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  40. ^ "Hurricane Dorian Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. September 6, 2019. Archived from the original on September 6, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  41. ^ Jack Beven (September 7, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Discussion Number 57". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  42. ^ Jack Beven (September 7, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Advisory Number 58". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  43. ^ "The Latest: Dorian strengthens to Category 2". ABC News. Atlantic Beach, North Carolina. September 7, 2019. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  44. ^ Eric S. Blake; Lixion A. Avila (September 8, 2019). "Post-Tropical Cyclone Dorian Update". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  45. ^ Stacy R. Stewart (September 9, 2019). "Post-Tropical Cyclone Dorian Intermediate Advisory Number 63A". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  46. ^ ""Fully extra-tropical" Dorian is out to sea - finally". CBS News. September 9, 2019. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  47. ^ Stacy R. Stewart (September 9, 2019). "Post-Tropical Cyclone Dorian Discussion Number 64". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  48. ^ Tomasic, Megan (September 10, 2019). "Dorian's wake: How did your favorite East Coast beaches fare?". Trib Live. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  49. ^ a b c Kossler, Bill (August 29, 2019). "Governor Lifts STX Curfew Immediately; STT Curfew Until Morning". The St. Thomas Source. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  50. ^ "LIAT Announces Flight Cancellations Due To Dorian". St. Lucia Times. August 25, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  51. ^ a b "PM Skerrit says there's no need to shut down the country as TS Dorian approaches". Dominica News Online. August 26, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  52. ^ Deane, Sandy (August 27, 2019). "Barbados escapes major impact from TS Dorian". Barbados Today. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  53. ^ a b "Barbados reports no major issues from TS Dorian". Barbados Today. August 27, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  54. ^ "PM praised as homeless kept off streets for Dorian". Barbados Today. August 28, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  55. ^ "Saint Lucia PM Begs Citizens Not To Downplay Storm". St. Lucia Times. August 26, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  56. ^ "Dominica sends home public workers as Tropical Storm Dorian approaches". Nation News. August 27, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  57. ^ "Puerto Rico National Guard activated by Governor pending Tropical Storm Dorian's path". United States Army. Puerto Rico National Guard. August 28, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  58. ^ a b Hassan, Adeel (August 26, 2019). "Tropical Storm Dorian: Puerto Rico Braces for Possible Hurricane". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  59. ^ a b Gordon, Amy; Jackson, Jhoni; Hernández, Arelis R. (August 28, 2019). "A near miss for Puerto Rico as Dorian strengthens into a hurricane". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 28, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  60. ^ Coto, Dánica (August 28, 2019). "TS Dorian expected to strengthen, could hit Puerto Rico". NBC12. Archived from the original on August 31, 2019. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
  61. ^ a b "Update: Dorian passes over VI; Flooding in some areas of Tortola". Virgin Island News Online. August 28, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  62. ^ Richard Tribou; Tiffini Theisen; Gray Rohrer (September 1, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian pounding Bahamas, still expected to come dangerously close to the Florida east coast". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  63. ^ Fedschun, Travis (September 1, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian, Category 5 storm, makes landfall in Bahamas with 185 mph winds". Fox News. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  64. ^ Andres, Jose; Poza, Andrew; Lizarraga, J.R. (September 1, 2019). Hurricane Dorian makes landfall in the Bahamas as dangerous Category 5 storm 0:53–1:36. Los Angeles Times (News report). Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  65. ^ "Governor Ron DeSantis Declares State of Emergency, Urges Floridians to Prepare for Hurricane Dorian". Government of Florida. August 28, 2019. Archived from the original on August 28, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  66. ^ Fedschun, Travis (August 29, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian will be 'very big' storm, Trump says, as Floridians prepare for potential Category 4". Fox News. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  67. ^ "Central Florida schools and colleges closing ahead of Dorian". WESH. August 29, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  68. ^ Biscayne National Park Closure for Hurricane Dorian, NPS.gov, August 30, 2019
  69. ^ Kolakowski, Ryan (August 29, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian prompts Florida State League to cancel rest of season". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
  70. ^ "GCL cancels remainder of 2019 season". milb.com. Gulf Coast League. August 28, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  71. ^ Kaur, Harmeet (August 29, 2019). "The FSU-Boise State game is being moved to Tallahassee over Hurricane Dorian". CNN. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  72. ^ Healy, John (August 30, 2019). "How Hurricane Dorian is Impacting the Sports World". Dallas: KRLD-FM. Archived from the original on August 31, 2019. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
  73. ^ Rays schedule O’s game because of hurricane, ESPN, August 31, 2019
  74. ^ "Alabama National Guard to send up to 50 support personnel to Florida". Fox 10. Archived from the original on August 31, 2019. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
  75. ^ Pritchett, Elizabeth (August 30, 2019). "Gov. Ivey approves Alabama National Guard to assist in Florida as Dorian nears". WVTM 13. Archived from the original on August 31, 2019. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
  76. ^ "4,500 members of the National Guard activated in Florida ahead of Dorian". CNN. September 2019. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  77. ^ a b Gallagher, Dianne (September 2019). "Jacksonville to order mandatory evacuations starting Monday". CNN. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  78. ^ "Broward County schools will close Tuesday". CNN. September 2019. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  79. ^ "Curfew in place for evacuated areas of Flagler County". CNN. September 2019. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  80. ^ Lynch, Jamiel (September 2019). "Legoland Florida will close Tuesday". CNN. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  81. ^ Lynch, Jamiel (September 2019). "Disney World to close Tuesday afternoon due to Dorian". CNN. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  82. ^ "Disney World will be open tomorrow". CNN. September 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  83. ^ Sampson, Hannah. "Hurricane Dorian evacuees are getting free services from Uber, Lyft and Airbnb". Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  84. ^ "Martin County sheriff: "We are within 20 miles of an apocalyptic hurricane"". CNN. September 2019. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  85. ^ Lynch, Jamiel (September 2019). "There are more than 160 shelters open across Florida". CNN. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  86. ^ Pelican, Garrett (August 29, 2019). "Georgia governor declares state of emergency for coastal counties". News4GA. Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  87. ^ Darnell, Tim (September 4, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Hits GA; 21 Counties Under State Of Emergency". patch.com. Patch Media Corporation. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  88. ^ "AMS Opens Camping Facilities To Dorian Evacuees". Atlanta Motor Speedway. August 29, 2019. Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
  89. ^ "Georgia State Parks Preparing to Host Hurricane Dorian Evacuees". WRBL. September 2, 2019. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  90. ^ Haney, Adrianne (September 4, 2019). "Georgia State offering free tickets to home opener for Hurricane Dorian evacuees". WXIA-TV. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  91. ^ "College Closing Tuesday Due To Hurricane Dorian". College of Coastal Georgia News. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
  92. ^ "LIVE UPDATES: Heavy rain, tropical storm force wind gusts hitting Georgia coast". WSB-TV. September 4, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  93. ^ Griffith, Janelle (August 31, 2019). "South Carolina declares state of emergency ahead of powerful Hurricane Dorian". NBC News. Archived from the original on August 31, 2019. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
  94. ^ "Mandatory evacuations for South Carolina will go into effect tomorrow". CNN. September 2019. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  95. ^ Basden, Sydney (August 30, 2019). "Gov. Cooper declares state of emergency". New Bern, NC: WCTI-TV. Archived from the original on August 31, 2019. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
  96. ^ "Charlotte Motor Speedway to open campgrounds for Hurricane Dorian evacuees". Charlotte, NC: WJZY. August 30, 2019. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  97. ^ Price, Crystal (September 3, 2019). "Northgate Mall set up as statewide shelter for Hurricane Dorian". Goldsboro, NC: WNCN. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  98. ^ "UNCW Cancels Classes, Issues Mandatory Evacuation". Wilmington, NC: WWAY. September 2, 2019. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  99. ^ "Hurricane Dorian: Evacuations, closings, shelters, hotlines, and more". Port City Daily. September 2, 2019. Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  100. ^ Kane, Dan (September 4, 2019). "Dorian halts early voting in some NC counties for special Congressional elections". Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  101. ^ Bladen County, Cumberland County, Scotland County, and Robeson County
  102. ^ Union County, Anson County, Mecklenburg County, Richmond County
  103. ^ Robertson, Gary D. (September 6, 2019). "Early voting extended in NC Congress race after Dorian". Raleigh, NC: Reading Eagle. Retrieved September 6, 2019.[permanent dead link‍]
  104. ^ Beaufort County, Carteret County, Chowan County, Craven County, Greene County, Hyde County, Jones County, Lenoir County, Onslow County, Pamlico County, and Pitt County.
  105. ^ Camden County, Dare County, Pasquotank County, Perquimans County, Tyrrell County, and Currituck County.
  106. ^ Specht, Paul A. (September 6, 2019). "After Dorian, early voting hours extended for 3rd and 9th districts special elections". Raleigh, NC: Charlotte Observer. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  107. ^ "Early voting extended in N.C. Congress races after Dorian". September 6, 2019. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  108. ^ "Hurricane Dorian prompts Outer Banks evacuation order". WTVR.com. September 2, 2019. Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  109. ^ "North Carolina's barrier islands are now under mandatory evacuations". CNN. September 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  110. ^ Tabackman, Lia (September 2, 2019). "Gov. Northam declares State of Emergency in advance of Hurricane Dorian". WTVR. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  111. ^ "Virginia governor declares state of emergency ahead of Dorian landfall". CNN. September 2019. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  112. ^ "Ocean City Monitoring Path of Hurricane Dorian". Salisbury, MD: WBOC-TV. September 5, 2019. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  113. ^ a b Overturf, Madeleine (September 6, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Impacts Weekend Events on Delmarva". Salisbury, MD: WBOC-TV. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  114. ^ "Hogan Authorizes Helicopter Rescue Team to Help with Hurricane Dorian Recovery in North Carolina". September 5, 2019.
  115. ^ "Bristol Motor Speedway Opens Campground to Help Hurricane Dorian evacuees". Greensboro, NC: WFMY-TV. September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.[permanent dead link‍]
  116. ^ Brooks, Bob (September 4, 2019). "Jersey shore prepares for Dorian's impact". Philadelphia, PA: WPVI-TV. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  117. ^ "Airbnb offering free housing to those impacted by Hurricane Dorian". WTLV. September 1, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  118. ^ "Hurricane Dorian: Carriers offering free data, texting for those in storm's path". WTVD. September 2, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  119. ^ Michael Locklear (September 2, 2019). "More Utahns prepare to deploy to help with Hurricane Dorian". KUTV. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  120. ^ "Dorian Likely to Cause Significant Beach Erosion from Fla. to N.C." United States Geological Survey. September 2, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  121. ^ "USGS deploying about 150 storm-tide sensors in the Carolinas". United States Geological Survey. September 2, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  122. ^ Trump, Donald J (September 1, 2019). "In addition to Florida – South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama, will most likely be hit (much) harder than anticipated. Looking like one of the largest hurricanes ever. Already category 5. BE CAREFUL! GOD BLESS EVERYONE!". Twitter. Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  123. ^ a b Embury-Dennis, Tom (September 5, 2019). "Trump forced to deny personally doctoring hurricane map after sharpie spotted on his desk". The Independent. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  124. ^ "DORIAN Graphics Archive: 5-day Forecast Track and Watch/Warning Graphic". nhc.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  125. ^ "Top weather official who defended 'Sharpiegate' makes tearful clarification". Associated Press - Huntsville. The Guardian. September 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 12, 2019. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  126. ^ Wu, Nicholas. "National Weather Service appears to correct Trump on Hurricane Dorian hitting Alabama". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  127. ^ Golgowski, Nina (September 3, 2019). "Trump's Inaccurate Hurricane Dorian Comments Show His Obsession With Size". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  128. ^ Smith, David (September 4, 2019). "Trump shows fake hurricane map in apparent bid to validate incorrect tweet". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  129. ^ Cappucci, Matthew; Freedman, Andrew (September 4, 2019). "President Trump showed a doctored hurricane chart. Was it to cover up for 'Alabama' Twitter flub?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  130. ^ Oprysko, Caitlin (September 4, 2019). "An Oval Office mystery: Who doctored the hurricane map?". Politico. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  131. ^ "Sharpie-gate: Memes mock Trump's doctored weather map". CNN. September 5, 2019. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  132. ^ Naylor, Brian (September 4, 2019). "Trump Displays Altered Map Of Hurricane Dorian's Path To Include Alabama". NPR. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  133. ^ Feldscher, Kyle. "NOAA slams weather service tweet that refuted Trump's Alabama claim". CNN. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  134. ^ "'Sharpiegate': meteorologists upset as weather agency defends Trump's Alabama claim". The Guardian. September 7, 2019. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  135. ^ a b "Commerce Chief Threatened Firings at NOAA After Trump's Dorian Tweets, Sources Say". The New York Times. September 9, 2019. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  136. ^ "Wilbur Ross faces calls to resign after report he threatened firings over 'Sharpiegate' | US news | The Guardian". TheGuardian.com. September 11, 2019. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  137. ^ Budryk, Zack (September 11, 2019). "Mulvaney pushed NOAA to disavow forecasters who contradicted Trump on Alabama: report". The Hill. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  138. ^ Budryk, Zack (September 9, 2019). "Inspector General investigating NOAA's statement backing Trump on Dorian: report". The Hill. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  139. ^ "President Trump pushed staff to deal with NOAA tweet that contradicted his inaccurate Alabama hurricane claim". The Washington Post. September 11, 2019. Archived from the original on September 12, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  140. ^ John Cangialosi (September 7, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Advisory Number 56". nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  141. ^ Croucher, Philip (September 6, 2019). "Halifax issues voluntary evacuation for high-risk areas as Hurricane Dorian approaches". The Star. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  142. ^ Ryan, Haley (September 5, 2019). "Halifax emergency officials fear Hurricane Dorian could pack similar punch to Juan". The Star. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  143. ^ Vomiero, Jessica; Breen, Kerri (September 6, 2019). "Dorian on pace to hit Atlantic Canada: Here's what you need to know". Global News. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  144. ^ "Atlantic Canada braces for Hurricane Dorian". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. September 6, 2019. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  145. ^ a b "Hurricane Dorian Responsible for $3.4 Billion in Losses on Bahamas, Report Says". The Weather Channel. Associated Press. November 15, 2019. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
  146. ^ a b "NEMA update: Death Toll Rises to 74 post-Hurricane Dorian". The Government of the Bahamas. Bahamas Information Services. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  147. ^ a b Oliveira, Nelson (August 28, 2019). "Man, 80, dies while preparing for Hurricane Dorian in Puerto Rico". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
  148. ^ Connolly, Kevin (September 5, 2019). "6 Florida Deaths Linked to Hurricane Dorian". 13 News. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  149. ^ a b "Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters". National Centers for Environmental Information. 2019. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  150. ^ a b c "Number of hurricane-related deaths in NC rises to 3, governor says". The Charlotte Observer. September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  151. ^ a b "Dorian caused more than $100 million damage in Atlantic Canada". The Telegram. October 4, 2019. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
  152. ^ "Tropical Storm Dorian could become Atlantic season's first hurricane when it nears Puerto Rico". CBS News. August 25, 2019. Archived from the original on August 26, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  153. ^ "NEMO: No Major Damage From Passage Of Dorian". St. Lucia Times. August 27, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  154. ^ "LUCELEC Update on Tropical Storm Dorian". St. Lucia Times. August 27, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  155. ^ Cyrille Duchesne (August 28, 2019). "Tempête tropicale Dorian : Porto Rico touché ce soir" (in French). La Chaîne Météo. Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  156. ^ "La tempête tropicale Dorian fait des dégâts en Martinique" (in French). BFMTV. August 27, 2019. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  157. ^ "Several communities without electricity due to passage of TS Dorian". Dominican News Online. August 27, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  158. ^ "Le niveau de vigilance pour fortes pluies et orages ramené au jaune" (in French). France-Antilles Guadeloupe. August 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  159. ^ Avila, Lixion A. (August 28, 2019). Hurricane Dorian Intermediate Advisory Number 17A (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  160. ^ Mitchell, Chaffin; Puleo, Mark (August 29, 2019). "While Puerto Rico avoids direct hit, Virgin Islands take significant blow from Dorian". AccuWeather. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  161. ^ Chaffin Mitchell and Mark Puleo (August 29, 2019). "While Puerto Rico avoids direct hit, Virgin Islands take significant blow from Dorian". AccuWeather. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  162. ^ "V.I. Electricity Returning, Seemingly Mostly Minor Damage As Dorian Moves Away". The St. Thomas Source. August 28, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  163. ^ "Preliminary assessment: Sister Islands fared well during Dorian". BVI News. August 29, 2019. Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  164. ^ Guy Carpenter (2004). Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan & Jeanne Caribbean Impact. Archived November 3, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  165. ^ a b Avila, Lixion A. "Hurricane Dorian Forecast Discussion Number 33". nhc.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  166. ^ "National and Local Weather Radar, Daily Forecast, Hurricane and information from The Weather Channel and weather.com". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on August 28, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  167. ^ "Hurricane Updates: Dorian Over Grand Bahama After Devastating Abaco". The Tribune. September 2, 2019. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  168. ^ Gianluca Mezzofiore (September 2, 2019). "Footage shows extensive flooding this house in the Bahamas". CNN. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  169. ^ Brown, Krystel (September 1, 2019). "PM: This is the worst day of my life". The Nassau Guardian. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  170. ^ a b Wnek, Samatha (September 1, 2019). "'Pure hell': Hurricane Dorian now Category 5 storm, makes landfall in northwest Bahamas". ABC News. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  171. ^ Connelly, Eileen (November 16, 2019). "Damaged caused by Hurricane Dorian totals $3.4B in the Bahamas". New York Post. Retrieved December 7, 2019.
  172. ^ "Hurricane Dorian Updates: Seven Fatalities Confirmed, More Deaths Expected". The Tribune. September 4, 2019. Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  173. ^ Masters, Jeff (September 1, 2019). "Historic, Catastrophic Hurricane Dorian Pounding The Bahamas With 185 mph Winds". Weather Underground. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  174. ^ McCluskey, Mitchell; de Moura, Helena (September 2019). "BREAKING: First reported death from Dorian as 8-year old boy drowns". CNN. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  175. ^ Christian, Bonnie; Gardner, David; Moore-Bridger, Benedict (September 2, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian: Eight-year-old boy becomes first confirmed death as storm batters Bahamas". Evening Standard UK. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  176. ^ Faiola, Anthony. "At least 5 dead in Hurricane Dorian's catastrophic assault on the Bahamas". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  177. ^ Tawfeeq, Mohammed (September 2019). "Five dead on Abaco Islands from Hurricane Dorian". CNN. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  178. ^ Faiola, Anthony; Sacchetti, Maria; Ward, Jasper. "Bahamas lifts Hurricane Dorian storm warnings, assesses 'catastrophic' destruction as death toll rises to 20". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  179. ^ "Death toll in the Bahamas rises to 20, Washington Post reports". CNN. September 4, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  180. ^ Ron Brackett; Jan Wesner Childs (September 9, 2019). "In the Bahamas, Official Hurricane Dorian Death Toll Rises to 45, But Newspaper Says It's in the Thousands". weather.com. The Weather Company. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  181. ^ Knowles, Hannah (September 9, 2019). "Bahamas shelter staff listened as dogs howled amid Dorian floods — then went silent". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  182. ^ Fieldstadt, Elisha (September 9, 2019). "More than 100 cats and dogs at one Bahamas shelter died during Hurricane Dorian". NBC News. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  183. ^ a b "Hurricane Dorian May Have Caused a Critically Endangered Bird to Go Extinct". Earther. September 4, 2019. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  184. ^ International), BirdLife International (BirdLife) (August 27, 2020). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Sitta insularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  185. ^ "Bahamas: Shelter and clean water priorities in wake of "catastrophic" hurricane". International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  186. ^ "New Providence: Island-wide blackout after reports of hurricane warning being lifted". Devdiscourse. Archived from the original on September 6, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  187. ^ "Hurricane Dorian Updates: Five Deaths Confirmed In Abaco". The Tribune. September 2, 2019. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  188. ^ "Hurricane Dorian Public Advisory". nhc.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  189. ^ Humayun, Hira; Ehlinger, Maija-Liisa (September 2019). "Bahamas PM: Dorian "the greatest national crisis in our country's history"". CNN. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  190. ^ Blackwell, Victor; Newton, Paula; Maxouris, Christina (September 7, 2019). "The Bahamas' death toll is rising as 70,000 residents left homeless by Hurricane Dorian seek food and shelter". CNN. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  191. ^ Karimi, Faith; Thornton, Chandler (September 12, 2019). "1,300 people are listed as missing nearly 2 weeks after Hurricane Dorian hit the Bahamas". CNN. Archived from the original on September 12, 2019. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
  192. ^ Jan Wesner Childs (September 26, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Death Toll Rises to 56 in Bahamas; 600 Still Missing". The Weather Company. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
  193. ^ "Global Catastrophe Recap September 2019" (PDF). Aon Benfield. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  194. ^ Daniel P. Brown (September 2, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Intermediate Advisory Number 37A". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  195. ^ J.D. Gallop (September 2, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian: Florida man dies after fall while putting up plywood for storm". Florida Today. Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  196. ^ "Dorian is 110 miles away from West Palm Beach". CNN. September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  197. ^ SE, Windyty. "Windy as forecasted". Windy.com/. Archived from the original on August 8, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  198. ^ "Hurricane Dorian Public Advisory". nhc.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  199. ^ Mazzei, Patricia; Bogel-Burroughs, Nicholas (September 4, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Brings Surge Threat From Florida to Carolinas: Live Updates". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  200. ^ "2 dead in North Carolina from Hurricane Dorian". Reuters Video. September 7, 2019. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  201. ^ a b Rice, Doyle (September 5, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian is cranking up tornadoes along the South Carolina and North Carolina coasts". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  202. ^ Griffith, Janelle (September 5, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian spawns damaging waterspout tornado in North Carolina beach town". NBC News. NBCUniversal. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  203. ^ a b "Hurricane Dorian Tropical Cyclone Report - NHC" (PDF). nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  204. ^ "Dorian washes out Sampson County road, crippling community". Durham, NC: WTVD. September 6, 2019. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  205. ^ "Hurricane Dorian begins to flood downtown Charleston". CNN. September 5, 2019. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  206. ^ "More than 160,000 power outages reported across SC as Dorian nears the coast". postandcourier.com. September 4, 2019. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  207. ^ "2 tornadoes confirmed in South Carolina during Hurricane Dorian". WYFF4. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019.
  208. ^ "Hurricane Dorian makes landfall over Cape Hatteras, North Carolina". CBS News. September 6, 2019. Archived from the original on September 6, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  209. ^ "Hundreds feared to be trapped in 'catastrophic flooding' on Ocracoke Island". Durham, NC: WTVD. September 6, 2019. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  210. ^ "More than 190,000 without power in North Carolina as Hurricane Dorian moves through". Durham, NC: WTVD. September 6, 2019. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  211. ^ Hayley Fowler (September 10, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian reshaped part of the Outer Banks shoreline, Park Service says". The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  212. ^ Alisha Ebrahimji (November 14, 2019). "Cows swept away by floodwaters during Hurricane Dorian were found alive four miles away on an island". Retrieved November 16, 2019.
  213. ^ "Virginia, Carolinas evacuate military aircraft to Pensacola to avoid Hurricane Dorian". Pensacola News Journal. September 5, 2019. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
  214. ^ Overturf, Madeleine (September 9, 2019). "Beach Erosion After Hurricane Dorian". Salisbury, MD: WBOC-TV. Archived from the original on September 15, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  215. ^ Scott, Katherine; Hartman, Trish (September 6, 2019). "Dorian creates gusty winds, rough surf along Jersey shore". Philadelphia, PA: WPVI-TV. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  216. ^ "NWS Alabama Rainfall Plot". Archived from the original on April 25, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  217. ^ "Down East Maine Lashed by Rain, Wind as Dorian Passes Offshore". Associated Press. October 7, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
  218. ^ Lao, David; Shah, Maryam. "IN PHOTOS: Hurricane Dorian arrives in Atlantic Canada". Global News. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  219. ^ Quon, Alexander (September 8, 2019). "New Brunswick picks up the pieces after Hurricane Dorian". globalnews.ca. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019.
  220. ^ Patil, Anjuli (September 7, 2019). "About 80% of Nova Scotia without power after Dorian slams Atlantic Canada". cbc.ca. Archived from the original on September 8, 2019.
  221. ^ "Residents near toppled crane ordered to evacuate Halifax homes". ctv.ca. September 9, 2019.
  222. ^ Juric, Sam (September 10, 2019). "Rescuers evacuate 31 people from flooded trailers at P.E.I. campground". cbc.ca. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019.
  223. ^ a b c Snoddon, Ryan (September 8, 2019). "How does Dorian compare to 2003's Hurricane Juan?". cbc.ca. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019.
  224. ^ "Dorian takes out 80% of trees in Cavendish area of P.E.I. National Park, Parks Canada says". CBC News. September 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  225. ^ MacDonald, Michael; Tutton, Michael (September 8, 2019). "'Beast of a storm' Dorian knocks out power to much of the Maritimes". ctv.ca. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019.
  226. ^ Matthew Cappucci (September 9, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian probably whipped up a 100-foot rogue wave near Newfoundland". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  227. ^ Inc, Pelmorex Weather Networks (November 28, 2019). "Nova Scotia Power says Dorian was its most damaging storm ever". theweathernetwork.com. Retrieved November 28, 2019. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  228. ^ "Trump touts support for Bahamas as crews scramble to rescue survivors". The Hill. September 7, 2019. Archived from the original on September 7, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
  229. ^ "Trump says U.S. may extend protected status for Bahamas immigrants..." Reuters. September 9, 2019. Archived from the original on September 13, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  230. ^ "Ways To Support The Bahamas After Hurricane Dorian". Jupiter Magazine. Archived from the original on November 8, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  231. ^ Hutichinson, Bill (September 9, 2019). "'We have to be very careful,' Trump warns of gangs entering US from Bahamas". ABC News. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  232. ^ a b Johnson, Lauren (September 7, 2019). "A cruise line is offering free evacuations to those on Grand Bahama Island". CNN. Archived from the original on September 8, 2019. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  233. ^ "Cruise ship brings 1,100 Bahamas evacuees to South Florida". FOX 13. September 8, 2019. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  234. ^ "Hurricane Dorian Relief Work". JW.org.
  235. ^ Maxouris, Christina; Levenson, Eric; Vera, Amir (September 10, 2019). "Ferry operator apologizes after dozens of Bahamian evacuees were told to get off a ferry headed to the US". CNN. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  236. ^ Bacon, John (September 10, 2019). "More than 90 dogs, cats died in Bahamas shelter overwhelmed by Hurricane Dorian". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  237. ^ Prentiss, Mairin (September 8, 2019). "Recovery begins across Maritimes after Hurricane Dorian lashes region". cbc.ca. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019.
  238. ^ "Dorian takes out 80% of trees in Cavendish area of P.E.I. National Park, Parks Canada says". cbc.ca. September 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019.
  239. ^ Landsea, Christopher; Dorst, Neal (June 1, 2014). "Subject: Tropical Cyclone Names: B1) How are tropical cyclones named?". Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Question. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on December 10, 2018.
  240. ^ Franklin, James (January 31, 2008). Hurricane Dean (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
  241. ^ Klotzbach, Philip [@philklotzbach] (September 2, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian was the strongest hurricane on record to make landfall anywhere in the Bahamas when it made landfall with 185 mph winds on the Abacos earlier today. Hurricane Andrew (1992) was prior record holder with 160 mph winds" (Tweet). Retrieved September 2, 2019 – via Twitter.
  242. ^ Freedman, Andrew; Samenow, Jason. "Historic Hurricane Dorian unleashing 'catastrophic' blow in northern Bahamas, hurricane warnings posted for Florida's east coast". Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  243. ^ Digital Writers (September 2, 2019). "Catastrophic Hurricane Dorian could come dangerously close to Florida". MSN. Archived from the original on September 2, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  244. ^ Klotzbach, Philip [@philklotzbach] (September 2, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian has made landfall on Grand Bahama Island as a Category 5 hurricane. It is the first Category 5 hurricane on record to make landfall on Grand Bahama Island" (Tweet). Retrieved September 2, 2019 – via Twitter.
  245. ^ a b "Hurricane Dorian Becomes the 5th Atlantic Category 5 in 4 Years". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  246. ^ Klotzbach, Philip [@philklotzbach] (September 2, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian's current maximum wind speed of 185 mph is the strongest for any hurricane this far north (26.6°N) in the Atlantic on record. Prior record north of Dorian's current position was 175 mph by Carla (1961) and Camille (1969)" (Tweet). Retrieved September 2, 2019 – via Twitter.
  247. ^ a b Klotzbach, Philip (September 5, 2019). "Hurricane Dorian Meteorological Records" (PDF). tropical.colostate.edu. Colorado State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  248. ^ Rice, Doyle (September 7, 2019). "Dorian's legacy: The slowest, strongest hurricane to ever hit the Bahamas". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  249. ^ "WMO Hurricane Committee retires tropical cyclone names and ends the use of Greek alphabet". World Meteorological Organization. March 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 18, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  250. ^ Uliano, Danielle; Barry, Rebecca (April 20, 2020). "Dorian not retired as a hurricane name... yet". Jacksonville, Florida: WJXT. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  251. ^ Miller, Kimberly (April 7, 2020). "Coronavirus Florida: Why Dorian won't be retired as a hurricane name this year". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Dorian.
Wikinews has related news:

The National Hurricane Center:

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Dorian&oldid=1250917734"