Pneumopulmonata
Pneumopulmonata is a clade of heterobranch pulmonate gastropods, defined based on results of phylogenomic studies[1][2] and named by Krug et al. (2020). The clade unites all of Panpulmonata except for Sacoglossa. Synapomorphy of the group is the presence of a pneumostome.
The following groups are included:
Siphonarioidea
Siphonarioidea include a single family of marine limpet-like intertidal (but see the subtidal Williamia) gastropods. They have a large pallial cavity containing a secondary gill on a large part of its roof and opening by a pneumostome on the right side of the body. During the high tide the cavity fills with water, at low tide it is used a lung. The pneumostome lacks a sphincter. Anus is located at the pneumostome. There is no operculum, tentacles are absent. Radula has many small and rather uniform teeth in each row. The genital system has a common spermoviduct ending in a copulatory organ and a single genital opening. Sperm is transferred in a spermatophore. Bursa copulatrix (gametolytic gland) is present. Development is through a free-swimming veliger larva.[3][4][5]
Acochlidiacea
Acochlidiacea is a group of shell-less gastropods of tiny size, mostly with distinctive dorsal visceral hump. They are mostly marine, inhabiting the interstitial of coastal sands, but there are also freshwater species. Pallial cavity is small or missing. Anus is located on the right side, may be moved to the visceral hump in some species. Operculum is missing. Four tentacles (a pair of rhinophores, a pair or labial tentacles) are present, but do not bear eyes. Radula is narrow, with as few as just one tooth per row, in some species asymmetric. Some are secondarily gonochoric, otherwise there is a common spemoviduct either ending with a single opening, connected to a copulatory organ/penial sheet by an external groove, or there is vas deferens and a separate male opening. At least some species use spermatophores for sperm transfer. Bursa copulatrix is present in some species. Some species have veliger larvae.[6][7][8][9]
References
- ^ Krug, Patrick J.; Caplins, Serena A.; Algoso, Krisha; Thomas, Kanique; Valdés, Ángel A.; Wade, Rachael; Wong, Nur Leena W. S.; Eernisse, Douglas J.; Kocot, Kevin M. (2022-04-13). "Phylogenomic resolution of the root of Panpulmonata, a hyperdiverse radiation of gastropods: new insight into the evolution of air breathing". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 289 (1972). doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.1855. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 8984808. PMID 35382597.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Teasdale, Luisa Cinzia (2017). Phylogenomics of the pulmonate land snails. [Dissertation submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of doctor of Philosophy]. Melbourne: School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Heller, Joseph (2015), "Marine Ancestors of most Land Snails: Pulmonates", Sea Snails, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 257–264, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15452-7_10, ISBN 978-3-319-15451-0, retrieved 2024-10-24
- ^ Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.; Seabra, Maria Inês G. L. (2017-09-01). "Shell and body structure of the plesiomorphic pulmonate marine limpet Siphonaria pectinata (Linnaeus, 1758) from Portugal (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Siphonariidae)". Folia Malacologica. 25 (3): 147–164. doi:10.12657/folmal.025.012.
- ^ Hubendick, B. (1978). "Systematics and comparative morphology of the Basommatophora". In Fretter1 Peake2, Vera1 J.2 (ed.). Pulmonates. Volume 2A. Systematics, Evolution and Ecology. London, New York, San Francisco: Academic Press. pp. 1–47. ISBN 0-12-267502-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (link) - ^ Jörger, Katharina M; Stöger, Isabella; Kano, Yasunori; Fukuda, Hiroshi; Knebelsberger, Thomas; Schrödl, Michael (2010). "On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 323. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-323. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3087543. PMID 20973994.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Schrödl, Michael; Neusser, Timea P. (2010). "Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 158 (1): 124–154. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00544.x.
- ^ Neusser, Timea P; Heß, Martin; Schrödl, Michael (2009). "Tiny but complex - interactive 3D visualization of the interstitial acochlidian gastropod Pseudunela cornuta (Challis, 1970)". Frontiers in Zoology. 6 (1): 20. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-6-20. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 2761907. PMID 19747373.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Brenzinger, B.; Neusser, T.P.; Glaubrecht, M.; Haszprunar, G.; Schrödl, M. (2010-12-20). "Redescription and three-dimensional reconstruction of the limnic acochlidian gastropod Strubellia paradoxa (Strubell, 1892) (Gastropoda: Euthyneura) from Ambon, Indonesia". Journal of Natural History. 45 (3–4): 183–209. doi:10.1080/00222933.2010.521862. ISSN 0022-2933.