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Distribution of Protestants
Percentage of Protestants by country
Number of Protestants by country
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    There are 0.8–1.05 billion Protestants worldwide,[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][a] among approximately 2.5 billion Christians.[10][1][11][12][b] In 2010, a total of more than 800 million included 300 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 260 million in the Americas, 140 million in Asia-Pacific region, 100 million in Europe and 2 million in Middle East-North Africa.[2] Protestants account for nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide and more than one tenth of the total human population.[2] Various estimates put the percentage of Protestants in relation to the total number of the world's Christians at 33%,[5] 36%,[13] 36.7%,[2] and 40%,[3] while in relation to the world's population at 11.6%[2] and 13%.[8]

    In European countries which were most profoundly influenced by the Reformation, Protestantism still remains the most practiced religion.[5] These include the Nordic countries and United Kingdom.[5][14] In other historical Protestant strongholds such as Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Latvia, Estonia and Hungary, it remains one of the most popular religions.[15] Although Czech Republic was the site of one of the most significant pre-reformation movements,[16] there are only few Protestant adherents[17][18]—mainly due to historical reasons like persecution of Protestants by the Catholic Habsburgs,[19] restrictions during the Communist rule and also the ongoing secularization.[16] Over the last several decades, religious practice has been declining as secularization has increased.[5][20] According to a 2019 study about religiosity in the European Union (EU) by Eurobarometer, Protestants made up 9% of the EU population.[21] According to Pew Research Center, Protestants constituted nearly one fifth (or 17.8%) of the continent's Christian population in 2010.[2] Clarke and Beyer estimate that Protestants constituted 15% of all Europeans in 2009, while Noll claims that less than 12% of them lived in Europe in 2010.[5][7]

    Changes in worldwide Protestantism over the last century have been significant.[3][7][22] Since 1900, Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, Oceania and South America.[23][8][22] That caused Protestantism to be called a primarily non-Western religion.[7][22] Much of the growth has occurred after World War II, when decolonization of Africa and abolition of various restrictions against Protestants in Latin American countries occurred.[8] According to one source, Protestants constituted respectively 2.5% of South Americans, 2% of Africans and 0.5% of Asians in 1900.[8] In 2000, these percentages had increased to 17%, more than 27% and 5.5%, respectively.[8] According to Mark A. Noll, 79% of Anglicans lived in the United Kingdom in 1910, while most of the remainder were found in the United States and across the British Commonwealth.[7] By 2010, 59% of Anglicans were found in Africa.[7] China is home to the world's largest Protestant minority.[2][c]

    Protestantism is growing in Africa,[23][24][25] Asia,[23][25][26] Latin America,[25][27] and Oceania,[23][22] while remaining stable or declining in Anglo America[22] and Europe,[5][28] with some exceptions such as France,[29] where it was legally eradicated after the abolition of the Edict of Nantes by the Edict of Fontainebleau and the following persecution of Huguenots, but now is claimed to be stable in number or even growing slightly.[29] According to some, Russia is another country to see Protestant growth.[30][31][32] However, "by 2050 it is expected that less than 9% of Protestants will be European" and "sometime around 2040 half of all Protestants will likely live in Africa."[33]

    In 2010, the largest Protestant denominational families were historically Pentecostal denominations (10.8%), Anglican (10.6%), Lutheran (9.7%), Baptist (9%), United and uniting churches (unions of different denominations) (7.2%), Presbyterian or Reformed (7%), Methodist (3.4%), Adventist (2.7%), Congregationalist (0.5%), Brethren (0.5%), The Salvation Army (0.3%) and Moravian (0.1%). Other denominations accounted for 38.2% of Protestants.[2]

    The United States is home to approximately 20% of Protestants.[2] According to a 2019 study, Protestant share of U.S. population dropped to 43%, further ending its status as religion of the majority.[34][35][36] The decline is attributed mainly to the dropping membership of the Mainline Protestant churches [35][37] and even among Evangelical Protestant churches[38][39] while Black churches are relatively stable or continue to grow.[35]

    According to Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States, a review of American Nobel prizes winners awarded between 1901 and 1972 by Harriet Zuckerman, 72% of American Nobel Prize laureates came from Protestant backgrounds.[40] Overall, Protestants have won a total of 84.2% of all the American Nobel Prizes in Chemistry,[40] 60% in Medicine,[40] 58.6% in Physics,[40] between 1901 and 1972.

    By 2050, some project Protestantism to rise to slightly more than half of the world's total Christian population.[41][d] According to Hans J. Hillerbrand, Protestant and Catholic share of the global Christian population will almost be the same by 2050, with Protestants exhibiting a significantly higher growth rate.[42]

    According to Mark Juergensmeyer of the University of California, popular Protestantism[e] is the most dynamic religious movement in the contemporary world, alongside resurgent Islam.[43]

    Methodology

    See also: List of Christian denominations

    For the purposes of this list, the following Christian branches are considered Protestant:

    Evangelicals, Charismatics, Neo-charismatics and other revivalists are found virtually across every Protestant branch. Nondenominationals, various independents and Protestants from other denominations, not easily fitting in the traditional classification, are also taken into account.

    Estimates of total Protestant population vary considerably. Most reliable sources claim a range of 800 million to more than 1 billion. Difficulties occur as there is no consensus among scholars which denominations should be considered Protestant.

    Countries

    The seven regions considered in the following table are the six traditional ones (Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania), plus Middle East (i.e., countries with Islamic majority from the Mediterranean to Iran).

    Protestants by country
    Region Country Total population (year) % Protestant Protestant total
    Asia  Afghanistan (details) 29,928,987 0.03% 10,000
    Europe  Albania (details) 3,563,112 0.23% 8,191
    Africa  Algeria (details) 35,531,853 1.62% 250,000
    Europe  Andorra (details) 71,201 2.1% 1,495
    Africa  Angola (details) 19,600,000 30.6% 5,997,600
    North America  Antigua and Barbuda (details) 68,722 68% 59,101[citation needed]
    South America  Argentina (details) 40,500,000 15.3% [44] 6,874,290
    Europe  Armenia (details) 2,982,904 3.7% 110,368
    Oceania  Australia (details) 23,401,892 (2016) 23.1% 6,355,952[45]
    Europe  Austria (details) 8,823,053 (2017) 3.4% 297,578[46]
    Europe  Azerbaijan (details) 8,581,400 0.07% 6,007
    North America  Bahamas (details) 353,658[47] 70% 247,561
    Asia  Bahrain (details) 688,345 ? ?
    Asia  Bangladesh (details) 144,319,628 0.23% 331,935
    North America  Barbados (details) 278,289 67% 186,454
    Europe  Belarus (details) 10,300,483 5% 515,024
    Europe  Belgium (details) 10,364,388 1.35% 140,000
    North America  Belize (details) 279,457 30% 83,837
    Africa  Benin (details) 9,100,000 23% 2,093,000
    Asia  Bhutan (details) 2,232,291 0.018% 400
    South America  Bolivia (details) 8,857,870 16%[48]-17.2%[49]-20%[50] 1,417,259
    Europe  Bosnia and Herzegovina (details) 4,025,476 0.04% 1,610
    Africa  Botswana (details) 2,000,000 66% 1,320,000
    South America  Brazil (details) 211,189,413[51] 24.5%-31%[52][53] 51,695,000 - 70,791,786
    Asia  Brunei (details) 372,361 1.3% 4,841
    Europe  Bulgaria (details) 7,450,349 1% 74,503
    Africa  Burkina Faso (details) 17,000,000 9% 1,360,000
    Africa  Burundi (details) 10,200,000 20% 2,400,000
    Asia  Cambodia (details) 13,607,069 0.04% 5,390
    Africa  Cameroon (details) 16,380,005 20% 3,276,001
    North America  Canada (details) 36,242,571 21.7% 7,869,955[54]
    Africa  Cape Verde (details) 415,294 3.5% 14,535
    Africa  Central African Republic (details) 5,000,000 61% 3,050,000
    Africa  Chad (details) 11,500,000 18% 2,070,000
    South America  Chile (details) 18,192,000 13% - 15.5%[2] 11%[55] 2,365,000 - 2.821.000
    Asia  China (details) 1,382,710,000 (2016) 2.9% 39,970,000[56]
    South America  Colombia (details) 46,900,000 (2011 est) 16.4% (2020) 5,862,500
    Africa  Comoros (details) 671,247 0.25% 1,678
    Africa  Congo, Republic of (details) 4,100,000 51% 2,091,000
    Africa  Congo, Democratic Republic of (details) 65,966,000 (2010) 50% 31,663,680[57]
    North America  Costa Rica (details) 4,700,000 (2011 est) 12.3%[58][59][60]-25%[61][48] 1,250,000
    Africa  Côte d'Ivoire (details) 22,500,000 23% 5,175,000
    Europe  Croatia (details) 4,495,904 2% 89,918
    North America  Cuba (details) 11,346,670 11% 1,248,133
    Europe  Cyprus (details) 780,133 2% 15,603
    Europe  Czech Republic (details) 10,241,138 1.1% [62]
    Europe  Denmark (details) 5,700,000 77% - 82% 4,389,000 - 4,674,000
    Africa  Djibouti (details) 900,000 0.2% 1,800
    North America  Dominica (details) 69,278 15% 10,392
    North America  Dominican Republic (details) 10,000,000 (2011 est) 18% (poll) 1,800,000
    Asia  East Timor (details) 1,040,880 1.2%[63]-1.96%[64] 31,226
    South America  Ecuador (details) 14,700,000 12.5%-14%[65] 1,837,500
    Africa  Egypt 105,000,000 2% 2,100,000
    North America  El Salvador (details) 6,200,000 34.4% / 28% [66] 2,132,800
    Africa  Equatorial Guinea (details) 700,000 6% 42,000
    Africa  Eritrea (details) 5,900,000 5% 295,000
    Europe  Estonia (details) 1,094,564 11% 121,000
    Africa  Eswatini (details) 1,200,000 67% 801,000
    Africa  Ethiopia (details) 73,750,932 (2007) 18.6% 13,717,673
    Oceania  Fiji (details) 893,354 42.5% 379,676
    Europe  Finland (details) 5,564,000 65.8%[67] 3,662,000
    Europe  France (details) 60,656,178 2% 1,213,124
    Africa  Gabon (details) 1,500,000 39.7%[68]
    Africa  Gambia (details) 1,593,256 7%[citation needed] 360,000[citation needed]
    Europe  Georgia (details) 4,677,401 2.14% 100,000
    Europe  Germany (details) 83,155,000 (2020) 22.6% 18,600,000[69]
    Africa  Ghana (details) 24,200,000 (2010) 58.1% 14,060,200
    Europe  Greece (details) 10,668,354 0.28% 30,000
    North America  Grenada (details) 89,502 30% 26,851
    North America  Guatemala (details) 14,700,000 38.2% 6,038,150
    Africa  Guinea (details) 10,200,000 4% 408,000
    Africa  Guinea-Bissau (details) 1,600,000 2% 32,000
    South America  Guyana (details) 765,283 38% 290,808
    North America  Haiti (details) 10,100,000 (2011 est) 30% 3,030,000
    North America  Honduras (details) 6,975,204 41% 2,859,834
    Europe  Hungary (details) 10,006,835 14% 1,401,640
    Europe  Iceland (details) 376,200 (2022) 68.1% 256,200[70]
    Asia  India (details) 1,407,563,842 (2021)[71][72] 1.5% 18,860,000[73]
    Asia  Indonesia (details) 270,000,000 (2020) 7.6% 20,246,000[74]
    Asia  Iran (details) 68,017,860 0.3% 204,054
    Asia  Iraq (details) 38,146,025 0.1% 40,000
    Europe  Ireland (details) 4,761,900 (2016) 4.2% 201,400[75]
    Asia  Israel (details) 9,076,883 0.71% 64,000
    Europe  Italy (details) 58,102,112 1,3% 755,328
    North America  Jamaica (details) 2,731,832 60% 1,639,099
    Asia  Japan (details) 127,417,244 0.4% 509,668
    Asia  Jordan (details) 5,759,732 0.5% 28,799
    Asia  Kazakhstan (details) 15,185,844 2% 303,717
    Africa  Kenya (details) 50,953,000 (2019) 60.8% 31,081,162
    Oceania  Kiribati (details) 103,500 40% 41,400
    Asia  Korea, North (details) 22,912,177 0.04% 10,000
    Asia  Korea, South (details) 51,815,810 19.70% 10,207,715
    Asia  Kuwait (details) 2,335,648 2.14% 50,000
    Asia  Kyrgyzstan (details) 5,146,281 0.03% 1,337
    Asia  Laos (details) 6,217,141 0.56% 35,000
    Europe  Latvia (details) 2,070,371 35% 714,000
    Asia  Lebanon (details) 3,826,018 1% 40,000
    Africa  Lesotho (details) 2,200,000 50% 1,100,000
    Africa  Liberia (details) 4,100,000 75% 3,075,000
    Africa  Libya (details) 6,765,563 Less than 1% ?
    Europe  Liechtenstein (details) 33,436 7% 2,341
    Europe  Lithuania (details) 3,596,617 1% 35,966
    Europe  Luxembourg (details) 468,571 1% 4,686
    Africa  Madagascar (details) 21,300,000 38% 8,094,000
    Africa  Malawi (details) 15,900,000 55% 8,745,000
    Asia  Malaysia (details) 28,900,000 4% 1,156,000
    Asia  Maldives (details) 349,106 0 0
    Africa  Mali (details) 15,400,000 1% 154,000
    Oceania  Marshall Islands (details) 62,000 76.7% 47,554
    Africa  Mauritania (details) 3,500,000 0.1% 3,500
    Africa  Mauritius (details) 1,230,602 4.5% 55,377
    North America  Mexico (details) 114,800,000 (2011 est) 5%-7.3%[76]-10% [77] 5,700,000-11,400,000
    Europe  Moldova (details) 4,455,421 0.26% 11,634
    Oceania  Micronesia (details) 108,155 47% 50,833
    Asia  Mongolia (details) 3,348,272 1.25% 41,800
    Africa  Morocco (details) 32,725,847 Protestant minorities ?
    Africa  Mozambique (details) 23,100,000 27% 6,237,000
    Asia  Myanmar (details) 42,909,464 3% 1,287,284
    Africa  Namibia (details) 2,300,000 74% 1,702,000
    Oceania  Nauru (details) 13,048 66% 8,612
    Asia    Nepal (details) 27,676,547 0.01 3,979
    Europe  Netherlands (details) 16,407,491 11% 3,445,573
    Oceania  New Zealand (details) 4,699,755 26.7%[78] 1,253,742
    North America  Nicaragua (details) 5,900,000 (2011 est) 26.5% (PF) 1,563,500
    Africa  Niger (details) 16,100,000 0.5% 80,500
    Africa  Nigeria (details) 200,000,000 37.7% 60,118,563[79]-75,400,000
    Europe  North Macedonia (details) 2,045,262 3% 61,358
    Europe  Norway (details) 5,367,000 72.0% 3,865,000[80][81]
    Asia  Oman (details) 3,001,583 5.8%[98] 11,500
    Asia  Pakistan (details) 162,419,946 0.86% 1,400,000
    Oceania  Palau (details) 20,000 29.6% 5,960
    North America  Panama (details) 3,600,000 24% 864,000
    Oceania  Papua New Guinea (details) 5,545,268 61.5% 3,410,340
    South America  Paraguay (details) 6,600,000 6% 396,000
    South America  Peru (details) 32,510,000 (2019) 12.5% (2006 census) 3,675,000
    Asia  Philippines (details) 100,000,000 10.0%-8.2%[82] 10,000,000
    Europe  Poland (details) 38,635,144 0.35% 130,000
    Europe  Portugal (details) 10,421,117 2.2% 229,265
    North America  Puerto Rico (details) 3,500,000 33% 1,100,000
    Asia  Qatar (details) 863,051 1% Unknown
    Europe  Romania (details) 22,329,977 6% 1,339,799
    Europe  Russia (details) 143,420,309 2% 2,485,000
    Africa  Rwanda (details) 10,900,000 43% 4,687,000
    North America  Saint Kitts and Nevis (details) 38,958 74% 29,335
    North America  Saint Lucia (details) 166,312 10% 16,631
    North America  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (details) 117,534 77% 90,501
    Oceania  Samoa (details) 179,000 49.8% 89,142
    Asia  Saudi Arabia (details) 26,417,599 3.33% 800,000
    Africa  Senegal (details) 11,126,832 0.5% 55,634
    Europe  Serbia (details) 7,186,175 1.2% 80,291
    Africa  Seychelles (details) 81,188 8% 6,495
    Africa  Sierra Leone (details) 5,400,000 14% 756,000
    Asia  Singapore (details) 4,425,720 8% 354,058
    Europe  Slovakia (details) 5,431,363 8.9 935,235
    Europe  Slovenia (details) 2,011,070 0.8% 16,135
    Oceania  Solomon Islands (details) 540,000 76.6% 410,000
    Africa  Somalia (details) 9,900,000 0 0
    Africa  South Africa (details) 50,500,000 (2010) 72.9% 36,814,500[57]
    Africa  South Sudan (details) 9,950,000 20.7% 2,060,000
    Europe  Spain (details) 50,000,000 3%[57] 1,500,000
    Asia  Sri Lanka (details) 20,064,776 0.8% 160,518
    Africa  Sudan (details) 44,600,000 5% 2,200,000
    South America  Suriname (details) 500,000 25% 125,000
    Europe  Sweden (details) 10,000,000 60% 6,000,000
    Europe   Switzerland (details) 8,482,152 (2017) 27%[83] 2,290,000
    Asia  Syria (details) 18,448,752 0.2% 37,605
    Asia  Taiwan (details) 22,894,384 2.6% 595,254
    Asia  Tajikistan (details) 7,163,506 0.01% 711
    Africa  Tanzania (details) 62,092,761[84] 38% 22,765,045
    Asia  Thailand (details) 64,076,033 0.77% 492,800
    Africa  Togo (details) 5,681,519 9.5% 539,744
    Oceania  Tonga (details) 112,422 73% 82,068
    North America  Trinidad and Tobago (details) 1,300,000 38% 494,000
    Africa  Tunisia (details) 10,074,951 3.33% 335,496
    Europe  Turkey (details) 84,680,273 Less than 1% 13,000
    Asia  Turkmenistan (details) 4,952,081 0.6% 81
    Oceania  Tuvalu (details) 11,636 94% 11,450
    Africa  Uganda (details) 34,856,000 (2014) 45.1% 15,720,056
    Europe  Ukraine (details) 47,425,336 2.3% 900,000
    Asia  United Arab Emirates (details) 2,563,212 5% 128,160
    Europe  United Kingdom (details) 67,330,000 (2021) 31% [85] 20,770,000
    North America  United States (details) 330,000,000 46.5%[86]
    36%[87]
    43% [88]     		118,800,000
    141,900,000
    153,450,000
    South America  Uruguay (details) 3,400,000 15% 510,000
    Asia  Uzbekistan (details) 26,851,195 0.01% 1,345
    Oceania  Vanuatu (details) 243,304 40% 97,321
    Europe  Vatican City (details) 921 0% 0
    South America  Venezuela (details) 33,221,865 17%[89] 5,647,717
    Asia  Vietnam (details) 83,535,576 1% 835,355
    Asia  Yemen (details) 20,727,063 Approximately 1% ?
    Africa  Zambia (details) 13,500,000 68% 9,180,000
    Africa  Zimbabwe (details) 12,100,000 67% 8,107,000
    World 7,600,000,000 (2017) 12.1% 920,000,000

    By region

    The following are summary tables of the numbers and percentages of Protestants in each region. Also included are the percentages of Protestants in the world that reside in that region ("% of Protestant total").

    Protestants in Africa
    Region Total Population Protestants % Protestant % of Protestant total
    Central Africa 91,561,875 18,322,151 20.01% 3.09%
    East Africa 225,488,566 36,965,728 16.39% 6.23%
    North Africa 161,963,837 100,300 0.06% 0.01%
    Southern Africa 137,092,019 55,432,677 40.44% 9.35%
    West Africa 269,935,590 49,230,627 18.24% 8.30%
    Total 886,041,887 160,051,482 18.06% 26.99%
    Protestants in Asia
    Region Total Population Protestants % Protestant % of Protestant total
    Central Asia 92,019,166 308,736 0.34% 0.05%
    East Asia 1,527,960,261 25,550,708 1.67% 4.31%
    Middle East 271,013,623 680,757 0.25% 0.11%
    South Asia 1,437,326,682 9,458,283 0.66% 1.59%
    Southeast Asia 571,337,070 26,387,155 4.62% 4.45%
    Total 3,899,656,802 62,385,639 1.6% 10.52%
    Protestants in Europe
    Region Total Population Protestants % Protestant % of Protestant total
    Central Europe 82,033,047 7,803,177 9.51% 1.32%
    Eastern Europe 209,198,166 1,389,452 0.66% 0.23%
    Northern Europe 191,466,473 104,997,796 54.8% 17.71%
    Balkans 65,407,609 1,713,080 2.62% 0.31%
    Southern Europe 180,498,923 1,964,538 1.09% 0.33%
    Total 728,604,218 117,868,043 16.2% 19.90%
    Protestants in the Americas
    Region Total Population Protestants % Protestant % of Protestant total
    Caribbean 37,285,819 5,912,490 15.86% 0.99%
    Central America 147,338,108 16,376,631 11.12% 2.76%
    North America 328,539,175 172,167,236 52.4% 29.03%
    South America 371,075,531 44,682,767 12.04% 7.53%
    Total 884,238,633 239,139,124 27.05% 40.32%
    Protestants in Oceania
    Region Total Population Protestants % Protestant % of Protestant total
    Oceania 30,809,781 13,474,012 43.73% 2.27%

    Maps

    Europe

    World

    • Countries by percentage of Protestants in 1545
      Countries by percentage of Protestants in 1545
    • Countries by percentage of Protestants in 1710
      Countries by percentage of Protestants in 1710
    • Countries by percentage of Protestants in 1938
      Countries by percentage of Protestants in 1938
    • Countries by percentage of Protestants in 2010
      Countries by percentage of Protestants in 2010
    • Protestant majority countries in 1938
      Protestant majority countries in 1938
    • Protestant majority countries in 2010
      Protestant majority countries in 2010

    See also

    Other religions

    Notes

    1. ^ Most current estimates place the world's Protestant population in the range of 800 million to more than 1 billion. For example, author Hans Hillerbrand estimated a total Protestant population of 833,457,000 in 2004,[9] while a report by Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary estimated 625,606,000 Protestants in mid-2024.[1]
    2. ^ Current sources[which?] are in general agreement[citation needed] that Christians make up about 33% of the world's population—slightly over 2.4 billion adherents in mid-2015.
    3. ^ Estimates for China vary in dozens of millions. Nevertheless, in comparison to the other countries, there is no disagreement that China has the most numerous Protestant minority.
    4. ^ Protestant, Independent and Anglican parties are understood as Protestant as stated previously in the article, as well as in the book: Statistics for the P, I and A megablocs are often combined because they overlap so much-hence the order followed here.
    5. ^ A flexible term; defined as all forms of Protestantism with the notable exception of the historical denominations deriving from the Protestant Reformation.

    References

    1. ^ a b c "Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050" (PDF). Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
    2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Christian Traditions" (Web). Pew Research Center. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
    3. ^ a b c Hillerbrand, Hans J. (2 August 2004). Encyclopedia of Protestantism. Routledge. ISBN 9781135960285. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
    4. ^ "CCC - Global Statistics". Retrieved 5 December 2015.
    5. ^ a b c d e f g Clarke, Peter B.; Beyer, Peter (7 May 2009). The World's Religions. ISBN 9781135211004. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
    6. ^ Brown, Stephen F.; Palmer, Martin (2009). Protestantism. ISBN 9781604131123. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
    7. ^ a b c d e f Noll, Mark A. (25 August 2011). Protestantism: A Very Short Introduction. ISBN 9780191620133. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
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