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Killing of Brian Thompson

Coordinates: 40°45′46.2″N 73°58′47.1″W / 40.762833°N 73.979750°W / 40.762833; -73.979750
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Killing of Brian Thompson
A dirty frame of CCTV footage covering the sidewalk. The assassin stands at the bottom left, wearing a hooded jacket, training his sidearm at Johnson, in the center, his back facing the camera.
CCTV still around the time that the first shot is fired at Thompson (center, blue suit)
Map
Location of the killing
LocationOutside the New York Hilton Midtown in New York City, U.S.
Coordinates40°45′46.2″N 73°58′47.1″W / 40.762833°N 73.979750°W / 40.762833; -73.979750
DateDecember 4, 2024; 19 days ago (2024-12-04)
6:45 am[1] (EST)
TargetBrian Thompson
Attack type
Shooting
WeaponSuppressed 9x19mm pistol (believed to be B&T Station SIX-9 by the police)
AssailantOne person of interest in custody
MotiveUnknown; possible retaliation against Thompson, left-wing extremism, UnitedHealthcare, and the American health insurance industry.[2]

On December 4, 2024, Brian Thompson, CEO of UnitedHealthcare since 2021, was shot and killed outside an entrance to the New York Hilton Midtown in Manhattan, New York City.[3] He was in the city to attend an annual investors meeting for UnitedHealth Group, the parent company of UnitedHealthcare. Authorities believe the attack was not random and are investigating it as an assassination. Thompson had received criticism for UnitedHealthcare's rejection of insurance claims and his family reported that he had received threats in the past. The shooting occurred early in the morning, and the suspect, initially described as a white man wearing a mask, fled the scene.[1]

Thompson's death received reactions of contempt and mockery from many social media users towards him, UnitedHealth Group, and, more broadly, the American healthcare system. The killing has been characterized as deserved and justified by some; these attitudes relate to anger over UnitedHealth's business practices and those of the United States health insurance industry at large – primarily their strategies to deny coverage to clients. In particular, Thompson's death was compared to the harm or death experienced by clients who were denied healthcare.

The killing drew condemnation and elicited sympathy for Thompson from public officials, commentators, and executives.[4] Thompson's family became the subject of harassment and stalking after his death on various social media websites, and faced doxxing and violent threats.[5]

On December 9, a person of interest was arrested and held for questioning.[6] He was carrying a manifesto and "multiple fraudulent IDs, a U.S. passport, a gun and a suppressor consistent with those used in the attack."[7]

Background

American healthcare system

Under the American healthcare system, there is no universal government-run health care option. Instead, Americans often have health insurance provided to them through their employer, though not all employers provide health insurance.[8] Under many insurance plans, patients who require treatment submit a claim to their health insurance company for approval or reimbursement, with those denied either being refused treatment or ending up in medical debt anywhere from thousands of dollars for the most basic treatments, to millions of dollars for more complicated treatments.[9]

Claims are often denied automatically, sometimes by AI systems, or for the most minuscule of stated reasons, even when the treatment is supposedly covered by the policy and is critical for the patient’s survival. Patients whose claims are approved are still often required to pay thousands of dollars or more for their approved treatment.[10][11] Efforts have been made to reform this system, such as through the introduction of the Medicare for All Act. However, these efforts have largely failed in part due to political lobbying and campaign contributions by health insurance corporations.[12] Medical debt is one of the leading causes of homelessness in the United States.[13]

Thompson and UnitedHealthcare

Thompson was the chief executive officer (CEO) of UnitedHealthcare, the insurance arm of UnitedHealth Group, from April 2021 until his death.[14][15] His widow, Paulette, told NBC News that threats had been made on his life related to lack of coverage.[16]

After Thompson's death, it was reported that he was facing a lawsuit accusing him and other executives of insider trading, after they reportedly sold millions of dollars of stock while the company was the subject of a federal investigation that was not disclosed to shareholders. UnitedHealth was under Department of Justice investigation since October 2023, and insiders including Thompson were able to sell US$120 million of personally held UnitedHealth shares before the stock value dropped.[17]

Claim denial rates by insurance companies, as of December 5, 2024

UnitedHealthcare insures 49 million Americans and had $281 billion in revenue for the 2023 fiscal year.[18] In 2021, Thompson was criticized in an open letter from the American Hospital Association due to a UnitedHealthcare plan to start denying payment for what it deemed as non-critical visits to hospital emergency rooms.[19] UnitedHealthcare has been widely criticized for its handling of claims.[20] It and other insurers were named in an October 2024 report from the US Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations showing a surge in prior authorization denials for Medicare Advantage patients.[18]

Additionally under Thompson's leadership, UnitedHealthcare began using artificial intelligence (AI) to automate claim denials, resulting in patients being unable to access needed medical care.[21] A class action suit filed against UnitedHealth Group in November 2023 alleged the company knowingly employed an AI model that had a 90% error rate.[22] In September 2024, a demonstration was held outside of UnitedHealth Group subsidiary and pharmacy services provider Optum's headquarters in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, with protestors claiming Optum's business practices inflate medicine costs and force independent pharmacies out of business.[23]

Assailant's preparations

The suspect arrived in New York City on November 24 on a Greyhound bus. The bus route began in Atlanta, but authorities do not know from which city or town he boarded.[24][20] He checked into the HI New York City Hostel on the Upper West Side of Manhattan on November 24 with a fake New Jersey identification card and paid in cash.[25] He stayed all but one night of the 10 days he was in New York City at the hostel, checking out on December 3.[20]

Killing

CCTV video of the killing
The New York Hilton Midtown in 2012. 54th Street is at right.

Thompson was in New York City for an annual UnitedHealth Group investors meeting, having arrived in the city on December 2.[26] On December 4, 2024, at around 6:45 a.m. EST, Thompson was walking along West 54th Street toward the New York Hilton Midtown hotel that was hosting the meeting.[27] The assailant, dressed in a light-brown or cream-colored hoodie waited outside the hotel for several minutes.[28][29] Standing approximately 20 feet (6 m) away from Thompson when he arrived at the entrance, the assailant fired at him from a suppressed 9 mm pistol[28][29] at least twice,[30] striking him in the back and right calf.[27]

A closed-circuit television camera recorded the killing. The shooter is seen manually cycling the action after each shot, causing observers to initially believe that the weapon was a malfunctioning semi-automatic pistol.[31][32] However, internet users, along with the police, then theorized that the pistol could have been Brügger & Thomet VP9,[33][34] or its variant Brügger & Thomet Station SIX-9,[34][27] which are bolt-action pistols, i.e. manually-operated repeating firearms by design.[32] This type of pistol is especially quiet even for a silenced firearm due to a lack of a semi-automatic firing mechanism (involving metal parts impacting against each other), and originates as a clandestine operations weapon used specifically for assassination.[32][35][36] Further analysis by firearm experts shows that the initial theory might fit better to the actions and movements of the shooter, since the video never shows the distinctive rotational hand movements needed to cycle the VP9, instead showing him racking the slide and re-seating it to clear a failure to feed on a regular firearm with an interfering suppressor.[37]

The killer fled the scene on an e-bike.[38][39] According to the police, he left the city via the George Washington Bridge Bus Station.[40][41] Thompson was taken to Mount Sinai West hospital, where he was pronounced dead at 7:12 a.m.[42]

Timeline

Time (EST) Event Ref.
10:11 p.m., Nov 24 Suspect arrives in New York City on a Greyhound bus which originated in Atlanta and made up to seven stops en route. [40]
Nov 24 Suspect checks into the HI New York City Hostel on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. [43]
Suspect cases out the New York Hilton Midtown hotel.
Nov 29 Suspect checks out of the HI New York City Hostel. [20]
Nov 30 Suspect checks back into the HI New York City Hostel. [20]
5:30 a.m., Dec 4 Suspect leaves the hostel, thought to be by bike. [40]
6:15 a.m., Dec 4 Suspect seen leaving the 57th Street F Train subway stop. [44]
6:17 a.m., Dec 4 Suspect buys coffee, water, and granola bars at a Starbucks café two blocks away from the New York Hilton Midtown hotel, discarding the coffee cup and water bottle. [44][45][29]
6:30 a.m., Dec 4 Surveillance footage captures the suspect walking while talking on the phone. [24]
approx. 6:39 a.m., Dec 4 Suspect arrives in front of the New York Hilton Midtown hotel and waits for several minutes. [29][45]
approx. 6:40 a.m., Dec 4 Thompson leaves the Marriott hotel he stayed at the prior night, heading toward the New York Hilton Midtown hotel. [27]
6:44 a.m., Dec. 4 Thompson walks along the sidewalk toward the New York Hilton Midtown hotel and the assailant shoots him multiple times, racking his pistol after it appeared to jam; the suspect immediately flees northbound via a pedestrian walkway. [29][46]
6:46 a.m., Dec 4 Police respond to a 911 call reporting that a person has been shot. [29]
6:48 a.m., Dec 4 Officers arrive on scene and find Thompson with multiple gunshot wounds to his back and leg; he is taken to the hospital.
Assailant is seen riding an e-bike north into Central Park. 		[29][44]
6:59 a.m., Dec 4 A person appearing to be the suspect is seen riding a bike on West 85th St. [27]
7:04 a.m., Dec 4 Suspect gets into a northbound taxi on 86th Street and Amsterdam Avenue. [40]
7:12 a.m., Dec 4 Thompson is declared dead at Mt. Sinai Hospital. [29]
7:30 a.m., Dec 4 Suspect arrives at George Washington Bridge Bus Station. [40]
8:00 a.m., Dec 4 UnitedHealth Group investor meeting begins. [42]
9:00 a.m., Dec 4 UnitedHealth Group CEO Andrew Witty cancels the rest of the investor meeting. [47]
Dec 9 Person of interest detained in Altoona, Pennsylvania [48]
11:34 a.m., Dec 9 NYPD detectives are sent to Altoona, Pennsylvania to interview the person of interest [49]

Investigation and manhunt

The NYPD and Mayor Eric Adams said the killing appeared to be targeted and was not a random attack.[42]

Cartridges and spent casings

Three fired cartridge cases alongside three unfired cartridges were found at the scene.[44] The words "delay", "deny", and "depose" were written on the cases.[50][26] "Depose" was inscribed on a casing from a round fired into Thompson, while "delay" was marked on an unfired cartridge ejected as the shooter racked the pistol, possibly to clear a jam or intentionally discard the live round. Police are investigating whether the words suggest a motive; "delay, deny, defend" is a well-known insurance industry phrase about not paying out claims.[31] Delay, Deny, Defend is a 2010 book by Jay M. Feinman, a retired Rutgers Law School professor, in which he critiques the property and casualty insurance industry.[51] Based in part on the cartridge case evidence, James Alan Fox, Professor of Criminology, Law, and Public Policy at Northeastern University, argued that Thompson's killing was likely a revenge killing.[52]

Other collected evidence

Apart from the ammunition casings, a water bottle, candy wrapper, and a phone believed to be connected to the shooter were also recovered from the scene.[53] On December 6, police said they found the shooter's backpack in Central Park.[54] It contained a Tommy Hilfiger jacket and Monopoly money.[55]

Assailant's identity

On December 4, the NYPD offered up to $10,000 for information on the shooter.[56] On December 5, authorities released images of a suspect taken from surveillance cameras at the hostel and a Starbucks café.[57] Two stills show the suspect's face including one with him smiling widely at a female desk attendant at the hostel, reportedly taking his mask off after flirting with the attendant.[58][53] In addition to the $10,000 reward offered by the NYPD, the FBI joined the investigation and has offered up to $50,000 reward for information leading to arrest and conviction.[33]

He was described by police as a white man, approximately 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) tall, wearing a light brown or cream-colored hooded jacket, dark pants, and black sneakers with white soles. He had a gray backpack and concealed his face with a black face mask.[28][39][59][60] Police said he appeared to be proficient in the use of firearms.[27] The suspect was described as being "extremely camera savvy."[61]

Arrest

On December 9, a person of interest was detained at a McDonald's restaurant in Altoona, Pennsylvania, about 280 miles (450 km) west of New York City. He had with him a gun and silencer similar to the one used in the shooting, a three-page manifesto "criticizing health care companies for putting profits above care", and a fake ID with the same name as the alleged shooter used to check into the Manhattan hostel.[62][48][63] The suspect was identified and arrested on local charges in Altoona relating to the gun, but has not yet been charged in relation to the killing.[48][64][38]

Response

Family

Thompson's widow, Paulette, released a statement after the killing saying that she and her family are "shattered by the senseless killing" and called her husband an "incredibly loving, generous, talented man" and "incredibly loving father to our two sons".[53] Shortly following the death, two of the houses owned by Thompson's family were swatted.[65]

Public response

Many Americans expressed their contempt for Thompson, UnitedHealthcare, and the nation's health insurance system while praising the unknown assailant for his actions.[66][67][68] On social media, users shared personal stories of harm and death suffered as a result of claim denials,[69][70] and joked about the killing with memes and gallows humor.[71] Anthony Zenkus, a lecturer at Columbia University, said on social media: "Today, we mourn the death of ... Brian Thompson, gunned down ... wait I'm sorry – today we mourn the deaths of 68,000 Americans who needlessly die each year so that insurance company execs like Brian Thompson can become multimillionaires".[72] One physician told The Daily Beast that they believed the perpetrator should be brought to justice, but also stated that Thompson's role as CEO had led to a great amount of suffering and loss of life, which he described as "on the order of millions", adding that "[it is] hard for me to sympathize when so many people have suffered because of his company".[73]

A popular comment on the r/nursing subreddit mocked Thompson's death by emulating a denial of coverage letter for Thompson's emergency care.[69] The assailant received internet attention for his resemblance to actors Timothée Chalamet and Jake Gyllenhaal.[74][75] A look-alike contest in which contestants tried to look like the suspect was held on December 7 in Washington Square Park.[76][importance?]

The Network Contagion Research Institute found that out of the top ten most engaged-with posts on X, six of them were posts implicitly or explicitly supporting the killing or criticizing Thompson. Some highlighted comments called for further assassinations of CEOs and class war;[77] a researcher at the institute said that the assassination was framed as "some opening blow in a class war" and that praise for the killing came from across the political spectrum.[69] After Thompson's death, UnitedHealthcare's parent company, UnitedHealth Group, published a statement on Facebook detailing the death and their official condolences. Though the post's comment section was deactivated, approximately 90,000 Facebook users responded to the post with a "Haha" (or "laughing") reaction with only 2,200 "Sad" reactions as of December 6.[78][69]

Zeynep Tufekci, Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs at Princeton University and New York Times columnist, said that the public reaction to Thompson's murder "should ring all the alarm bells" and resembled the reaction to the very high levels of corporate greed, exploitation, and economic inequality during the American Gilded Age, a period characterized by violent "political movements that targeted corporate titans, politicians, judges and others".[79] She further stated that, "The concentration of extreme wealth in the United States has recently surpassed that of the Gilded Age. And the will among politicians to push for broad public solutions appears to have all but vanished. I fear that instead of an era of reform, the response to this act of violence and to the widespread rage it has ushered into view will be limited to another round of retreat by the wealthiest."[79] Robert Pape, an expert in political violence at the University of Chicago, told The Guardian that the response of online commentators was indicative of Americans' growing acceptance of violence to settle civil disputes.[71]

Healthcare corporations

UnitedHealthcare, Blue Cross Blue Shield, and CVS Health, which operates Aetna, all removed photographs and other information about their executive leadership from their websites following Thompson's killing.[80][81] Additionally, the days following Thompson's death saw a surge in inquiries about protective services and security for CEOs and corporate executives, according to private security firm Allied Universal.[82] Michael Sherman, the former chief medical officer at Point32Health, justified the concerns of health insurance executives, saying, "It doesn't seem paranoid to worry that someone who's had services denied that they may believe are important might be in an emotionally unstable state."[71]

Referring to the online response to Thompson's death, Jeffrey Sonnenfeld, who runs the Chief Executive Leadership Institute, affiliated with Yale, said, "we've seen the frightening, uncanny conversion of angry and deranged people."[82] One health insurance executive was quoted by the Financial Times as saying that threats against health insurance companies are common, and that "We'd have times when you'd deny proton laser therapy for a kid with seizures and the parent would freak out". Another executive was quoted as saying, "What's most disturbing is the ability of people to hide behind their keyboards and lose their humanity."[72][69]

After the killing, Blue Cross Blue Shield Association reversed a controversial decision to place time limits on coverage for surgical anesthesia in Connecticut, New York, and Missouri.[83]

Politicians

In response to the killing, public officials including Minnesota governor Tim Walz and Senator Amy Klobuchar expressed dismay and offered condolences to the family. Walz said that he knew Thompson.[84] Outgoing Democratic House representative Dean Phillips wrote that he was "horrified by the assassination of my constituent, Brian Thompson, this morning in NYC and have his family in my prayers."[85]

In an interview on ABC's This Week on December 8, 2024, Democratic House representative Ro Khanna said, regarding Thompson's killing, that "There is no justification for violence", while also voicing his support for the Medicare for All Act and arguing that "After years, Sanders is winning this debate".[86] Khanna also praised a statement that Senator Bernie Sanders posted a day after the killing, which read: "We waste hundreds of billions a year on health care administrative expenses that make insurance CEOs and wealthy stockholders incredibly rich while 85 million Americans go uninsured or underinsured. Healthcare is a human right. We need Medicare for All".[86][87]

See also

References

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