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Revision as of 01:16, 24 December 2024 by BenutzerWalter(talk | contribs)(With Brussels, changed premetro line 3 to 10. (Tram line 3 has been discontinued with tram 10 taking its place for the premetro section.))
This list of metro systems includes electrified rapid transit train systems worldwide. In some parts of the world, metro systems are referred to as subways, undergrounds, tubes, mass rapid transit (MRT), metrô or U-Bahn. As of 22 December 2024,[update] 204 cities in 63 countries operate 884 metro lines.
The London Underground first opened as an underground railway in 1863 and its first electrified underground line opened in 1890,[1] making it the world's oldest metro system.[2] The Beijing Subway is the world's longest metro network at 815.2 kilometres (507 mi) and the Shanghai Metro has the highest annual ridership at 2.83 billion trips.[3] The New York City Subway has the greatest number of stations. As of 2024,[update] the country with the most metro systems is China, with 47 in operation.
Considerations
The International Association of Public Transport (L'Union Internationale des Transports Publics, or UITP) defines metro systems as urban passenger transport systems, "operated on their own right of way and segregated from general road and pedestrian traffic".[4][5] The terms heavy rail (mainly in North America) and heavy urban rail are essentially synonymous with the term "metro".[6][7][8] Heavy rail systems are also specifically defined as an "electric railway".[6][7]
In contrast to commuter rail or light rail, metro systems are primarily used for transport within a city, and have higher service frequencies and substantially higher passenger volume capacities. Most metro systems do not share tracks with freight trains or inter-city rail services. It is not relevant whether the system runs on steel wheels or rubber tyres, or if the power supply is from a third rail or overhead line.
The name of the system is not a criterion for inclusion or exclusion. Some cities use "metro" as a brand name for a transit line with no component of rapid transit whatsoever. Similarly, there are systems branded "light rail" that meet every criterion for being a rapid transit system. Some systems also incorporate light metro or light rail lines as part of the larger system under a common name. These are listed, but the light rail lines are not counted in the provided network data.
Certain transit networks may match the service standards of metro systems, but reach far out of the city and are sometimes known as S-Bahn, suburban, regional or commuter rail. These are not included in this list. Neither are funicular systems, or people movers, such as amusement park, ski resort and airport transport systems.
This list counts metros separately when multiple metros in one city or metropolitan area have separate owners or operating companies. This list expressly does not aim at representing the size and scope of the total rapid transit network of a certain city or metropolitan area. The data in this list should not be used to infer the size of a city's, region's, or country's urban rail transit systems, or to establish a ranking.
Legend
Countries shown in green have at least one operational metro system. Countries shown in yellow have at least one metro system under construction.
The most common English name of the metro system (including a link to the article for that system).
Year opened
Map of all the world's metro systemsThe year the metro system was opened for commercial service at metro standards. In other words, parts of the system may be older, but as parts of a former light rail or commuter rail network, so the year that the system obtained metro standards (most notably electrification) is the one listed.
Year of last expansion
The last time the system length or number of stations in the metro system was expanded.
Stations
The number of stations in the metro network, with stations connected by transfer counted as one.
System length
The system length of a metro network is the sum of the lengths of all routes in the rail network in kilometers or miles. Each route is counted only once, regardless of how many lines pass over it, and regardless of whether it is single-track or multi-track, single carriageway or dual carriageway.
Ridership
The number of unique journeys on the metro system every year. There is a major discrepancy between the ridership figures: some metro systems count transferring between lines as multiple journeys, but others do not. Numbers may also be counted via different methods – faregates/turnstiles or light barriers at entrances or vehicle doors being the most common but far from the only ones.
This list is sortable. Click on the icon in the column header to change sort key and sort order.Note: This list may not be fully representative, as yearly ridership numbers during the COVID-19 pandemic are shown for some systems, while others have numbers from previous years.
The following is a list of new worldwide metro systems that are currently actively under construction. In some cases it is not clear if the system will be considered a full metro system once it begins operational service. Only metro systems under construction are listed where there are no metro systems currently in operation in the same city.
^Line A opened in stages between 1913 and 1914 by the Anglo-Argentine Tramways Company. Line A services continued as above-ground tram services through an access ramp at Primera Junta Station. Subway-surface services into Line A ceased in 1926, with the line and its rolling stock transitioned into pure rapid transit operation by 1927.[12][13]
^The number is 78 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 90 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
^Vienna's Metropolitan Railway (Wiener Stadtbahn) first opened for service in 1898, operating steam locomotive trains on mostly elevated or underground ROWs. From 1976 onwards, part of it was integrated into the newly established Vienna U-Bahn system (lines U4 and U6), operating as a modern metro.
^The number is 126 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 143 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
^The Beijing Subway's first line began trial operations on 1 October 1969. It opened to revenue service under trial operations on 15 January 1971. Initially, only members of the public with credential letters from their work units could purchase tickets, but this restriction was removed on 27 December 1972. The subway line passed its final inspections and ended trial operations on 15 September 1981. During the trial operations period, annual ridership rose from 8.28 million in 1971 to 55.2 million in 1980. See the history section of the Beijing Subway for details and references.
^The number of stations is 381 if the 80 (71 2-line, 9 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 470 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line. Both counts exclude the 20 stations of the Xijiao and Line T1 tram lines.[70]
^Length excludes the Xijiao and Line T1 tram lines, which combined are 20.7 km long.
^Ridership data includes that of Xijiao and Line T1 tram lines.
^Opening of metro Line 1 and not light rail Line 3, which opened in 2002.
^Stations served by Line 3 not counted as Line 3 is a light rail line with at grade crossings.
^Line 3 not included due to being a light rail line with road crossings.
^There are 296 stations if the 51 (45 2-line, 6 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 353 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line. Excludes light rail line T2.
^There are 256 stations if the 42 (36 2-line, 6 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 304 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
^ abcdeFirst line of Foshan Metro, the Guangfo Line, serves two cities – Foshan and Guangzhou. The Guangfo Line is operated by Guangzhou Metro and as such is included in Guangzhou's tally.
^The 9 station, 4.0-km long APM line is not included here, because it is a people mover.
^There are 265 stations if the 43 (40 2-line, 3 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 311 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
^The 9 station, 4.0-km long APM line is not included here, because it is a people mover. The entire Guangfo Line is included.
^There are 254 stations if the 44 (40 2-line, 4 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 302 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
^The first MTR route to offer metro service was the Modified Initial System in 1979, which consists of portions of the later Tsuen Wan Line and Kwun Tong Line. Though the eventual East Rail Line opened as a conventional railway in 1910, it did not offer metro service until at least in 1982 when it was electrified.
^As of December 2021,[update] the number of stations is 506 if the 82 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) (69 2-line, 11 3-line, and 2 4-line) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while there are 408 stations if they are combined; shared tracks/platforms on Lines 3 and 4 are anyway counted as a single stations (nine in all between Hongqiao Road and Baoshan Road).[122]
^This figure excludes Maglev line and Jinshan Railway, all of which often included in Shanghai Metro maps but not considered part of the system.
^As of 28 December 2022, there are 373 stations if the 56 interchange stations (48 2-line, 6 3-line, 2 4-line) (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, while there are 307 stations if they are counted as one station.
^There are 265 stations if the 35 (32 2-line, 3 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 303 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
^Opening of the Länsimetro extension on 3 December 2022.
^The number is 320 if stations are counted individually. If transfers are counted by just adding up the number of stops in each line, the number is 404.
^The Green Line (Line 1), operated until 2011 by Athens–Piraeus Electric Railways, was opened in 1869 as a steam train railway line. It was electrified in 1904, extended with underground sections through the city in 1948, and extended to its full length to Kifissia in 1957 using the right-of-way of a former metre gauge suburban line. Full metro operation since 1904 between Piraeus and Athens and 1957 to Kifissia. In 2011, it was integrated with Athens Metro under the company STASY S.A.[190]
^The network consists of 256 stations if transfer stations are counted more than once. If transfer stations are counted only once, the result will be 231 stations. Ashok Park Main station, where the two diverging branches of Green Line share tracks/platforms, is anyway counted as a single station. Stations of Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are not counted. If they were counted, then there would be 288 total stations.[214][215]
^The lengths of the Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are not counted with the Delhi Metro. If they were counted, the total length of the three systems would be 392.448 km (243.856 mi).
^ abThe 43 km (27 mi) Line 1 of Karaj Metro (part of line 5 of Tehran metro) is a commuter rail line, and so is not included in the statistics here. If Line 1 is included, there would be 10 stations.
^ abThere are 131 stations if interchange stations are counted once, and 146 stations if they are counted multiple times. The 67.5 km (41.9 mi) Line 5 of the Tehran Metro is a commuter rail line, and so is not included in the statistics here – only metro Lines 1–4 and 6–7 are. If Line 5 is included, the total length of the system would be 292.1 km (181.5 mi), and there would be 142 unique stations, and 159 total stations.
^As of July 2023,[update] the number is 134 if the 9 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 113 if they are combined.[272][273]
^Lines 1, 6, and Naples-Aversa railway only, not line 2, which is commuter rail.
^As of October 2018,[update] the number is 106 if the 7 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 99 if they are combined; Higashi-nihombashi station and Bakuro-yokoyama station, where an out-of-system transfer between Asakusa Line and Shinjuku Line is possible, are anyway counted as two stations.[295][296][297]
^The Seoul Subway Lines 1-9 and Seoul Light Rapid Transit is actually operated by several different operators – Seoul Metro and Seoul Metro Line 9 Corporation (SLM9), plus through-operation services from Korail – but because all of these lines are owned by the City Government of Seoul, here in the table they are counted together as one system.
^ abcSeoul's Metropolitan Subway system can also be viewed as a comprehensive metro network made up of multiple owned/operated metro systems. If viewed as such, the combined route length of Seoul's comprehensive metro-standards network would be 564.2 km (350.6 mi).
^The number is 138 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one, or 149 if stations are counted multiple times for each line.
^Line 1 of the SITEUR system has some level crossings (with priority) and can be therefore be considered "light rail" instead of "metro".
^The number is 163 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one, or 195 if stations are counted multiple times for each line.[321]
"Operación": route length in active revenue and non-revenue service
"Servicio": route length in active revenue service
"Vuelta": track length in active revenue service
"Total": all track length in active revenue, maintenance and non-revenue service
System length value derived from "RED Servicio" or net route length in active revenue service.
^Some sections of the Rotterdam Metro (portions of Lines A, B, E) have some level crossings (with priority) and so could therefore be considered "light rail" instead of "metro".
^Blue Line only. Red Line is a heavy rail commuter route.
^ abThese systems have similarities to light rail systems, because of the existence of a few road level crossings, but are listed since they are almost entirely separated from roads.
^The first underground portion was opened in 1928, but that was a tram line. One surface line has origins from 1898. System opened as a full Metro in 1966.
^Combined lengths of the Red, Green, and Gold lines.
^The number of stations is 233 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms in a single complex) are counted as one station, or 297 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
^The number is 64 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 72 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
^TMB-operated lines L1-L5 and L9-L11 only. FGC-operated lines L6-L8 share track with other FGC commuter lines, and thus do not qualify as metro-standards lines.
^There are 132 stations in the Barcelona Metro if interchange stations are counted once, while there are 163 if they are counted multiple times.
^CTB-owned and "Metro Bilbao S.A."-operated line 1 and Line 2 only.
^The first line, later known as Green Line, was opened by stages during the 1950s, partly converting to metro operations prior rapid tram alignments. These included the oldest tunnel, built in 1933, which name (Tunnelbana) and symbol were bequeathed to the new system.
^The Lausanne Metro has two lines: Line M1 is light rail, while Line M2 is rapid transit. The stats listed are for Line M2 only.
^As of January 2020,[update] the number is 131 if the 12 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it's 119 if they are combined. Out-of-station transfers at Banqiao and Xinpu - Xinpu Minsheng, which require leaving paid area, are counted as 2 stations each; transfer stations that provide cross-platform interchange are anyway counted as a single stations (four in all: Ximen, CKS Memorial Hall, Guting and Dongmen stations).[376][377]
^As of March 2024,[update] the number is 158 if the 12 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 146 if they are combined.[393][394]
^London's Metropolitan Railway first opened for service in 1863, operating steam locomotive trains in cut and cover tunnels. It began operating as a modern metro when electric-propulsion trains began operating on the system's first deep-level tube line in 1890.
^Includes both MBTA's heavy and light rail lines, as the light rail utilizes the same tracks and system as the heavy rail. Does not include the Silver Line, as in actuality this is a bus route.
Heavy: Red Line, Orange Line, Blue Line
Light: Green Line
^The originally-elevated Orange Line opened in 1901, sharing the Tremont Street Subway that had opened in 1897 as an underground streetcar tunnel (for the light railGreen Line).
^Dated from the opening of the South Side Elevated on June 6, 1892. The "L" was first electrified in 1895 when the Metropolitan West Side Elevated opened. The entire system was unified and electrified in 1897 with the construction of the Union Loop.
^This figure comes from the sum of the following figures from the accompanying reference (i.e. "Facts at a Glance". Chicago Transit Authority. December 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2013.): 35.8 miles of elevated route, 35.0 miles at grade level, 20.6 miles on embankments, and 11.4 miles of subway.
^ abRapid transitB and D lines only. All other L.A. Metro Rail lines are light rail, and are not included here.
^This was the date of the last extension to the B Line in the rapid transit portion of Los Angeles' Metro Rail.
^First regular elevated railway service, originally cable hauled, began in 1868. Elevateds converted to steam power in 1870, electrified by 1903. The first section of electrified subway opened in 1904.
^The number is 423 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 472 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.[418]
^While the line opened as a railroad in 1860, it was not until 1925 that rapid transit equipment would be operated here.
^The last completely new stations were the current Newark and Harrison stations, which respectively replaced the Park Place and Harrison stations on a different alignment in 1937. According to PATH, its newest station is World Trade Center, which was completed in 2015 but replaced a previous station on the same site.
^Opening of the Bridge Line, the precursor rapid transit line to PATCO's, which ran between 8th Street in Philadelphia and Broadway in Camden. The current PATCO Speedline, with service through to Lindenwold, opened in 1969.[429]
^47 rapid transit stations, plus three additional stations (two eBART and one AGT) within the system.
^This figure excludes the eBART extension from Pittsburg/Bay Point to Antioch (9.2 miles) and the "BART to Oakland International Airport (OAK) elevated guideway" (3.2 miles).
^Statistics presented here include the Los Teques Metro which functions as effectively a subsidiary and extension of the Caracas Metro.
^ abBy the end of 2014, Caracas Metro had a length of 54.03 km and 47 stations;[436] further 1.3 km was added with the single-station extension to Bello Monte in the following year.[437]Los Teques Metro contributes to the system's total with 11.9 km in length and four stations.[438]
Under construction notes
Ridership notes
^This patronage figure is derived from OPAL trips (i.e. a tap-on/tap-off pair of the same OPAL card, including isolated tap-on or tap-off), non-OPAL ridership, as the users of some concessional cards or integrated tickets for events, is excluded.
^Figure extrapolated from 2,75,000 average daily ridership figures over an year as mentioned in the cited report
^This ridership figure is the sum of the "Heavy Rail (HR)" and "Intermediate Rail (IR)" figures for Toronto from the APTA Ridership report – in other words, this figure includes ridership on the Line 3 Scarborough (RT) line which APTA considers to be "Intermediate Rail (IR)".
^Ridership of Guangfo Line counted in Guangzhou's ridership figures.
the ridership includes "Domestic Service", "Airport Express" and "Cross-boundary";
"Intercity, Light Rail & Bus" and "High Speed Rail (HSR)" are excluded from the counts.
^Does not include ridership on the RER/Transilien (941 million in 2021) and the Tramways (266 million).
^This ridership figure is the sum of the two "Μετρό" figures (Γ1 line, or "Ηλεκτρικός", formerly ran by IASA and Γ2 - Γ3 lines, formerly ran by AMEL) from the OAΣA's 2018 Activity Report.
^Total ridership figures from April 2023 to March 2024
^Figure extrapolated from 40,000 average daily ridership figures over an year as mentioned in the cited report
^Figure extrapolated from 4,40,000 average daily ridership figures over an year as mentioned in the cited report
^Figure extrapolated from 73,476 average daily ridership figures over an year as mentioned in the cited report
^Figure extrapolated from a sum of average daily ridership figures of lines 1 (3,54,610), 2A & 7 (1,80,726.37) over an year as mentioned in the cited reports
^Figure extrapolated from 75,000 average daily ridership figures over an year as mentioned in the cited report
^ abcdefghijklmCompared to European or North American systems, Japanese rapid transit systems are generally neither thought of as metros nor as completely subterranean "subways" complicating whether only using the municipal subway statistic is accurate when comparing with other Metros around the world. As example Tokyo Metro and the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation's Toei Subway constitute only 22% of the 14.6 billion metropolitan railway ridership in Greater Tokyo (MLIT Yearly Statistics). In addition, when one considers intracity lines of JR East and private railway companies, Greater Tokyo (130 lines) has higher daily ridership than any other metropolitan area in the world with 14.6 billion passengers annually. The Osaka Municipal Subway also has only a minority share of all metropolitan railway ridership in Greater Osaka, constituting only 17.6% of Greater Osaka's 4.745 billion rail passengers annually in 2010. Including the municipal subway systems in both Kobe and Kyoto, the result still only comprises 22% of all rail travel in the Greater Osaka area with 1065.8 million passengers yearly (MLIT Yearly Statistics). For Greater Nagoya, the Nagoya Municipal Subway has only a minority share of all metropolitan railway ridership in Greater Nagoya constituting only 38% of Greater Nagoya's 1.095 billion rail passengers annually in 2010 (MLIT Yearly Statistics). For a complete list of urban rail systems in Japan with ridership statistics, see List of urban rail systems in Japan.
^This figure counts only gate-passers, so it only includes Seoul Metro and Seoul Subway Line 9 riders. Other lines that function as separate systems within the greater Seoul urban rail network are excluded.
^Ridership is based on unlinked passenger trips (i.e. a transfer between two lines counts as two trips, transferring between three lines counts as three trips, etc.).
^This ridership figure is the sum of the total annual trips (수송인원, boarding and transfer passengers) on the two sections (Phase 1 and Phase 2) of the line, from the accompanying reference.
^This figure is the sum of the passenger ridership on the two LRTA lines, L1 and L2, from the accompanying reference; it is based on unlinked passenger trips (i.e. a transfer between two lines counts as two trips, etc.).
^Figure extrapolated from 3,243,000 average daily ridership.
^Figure extrapolated from 1 265 900 average daily boardings.
^Ridership figure is for rapid transit Line M2 only; ridership on the light rail M1 line is excluded.
^Barreiro, Ricardo (2015). 100 años bajo Buenos Aires – Historia de la Línea A [100 years under Buenos Aires – History of Line A] (in Spanish). Editorial Dunken. pp. 16, 30–31. ISBN978-987-02-8141-2.
^ abИстория развития метрополитена [History of the metro]. Государственное предприятие "Минский Метрополитен" [State Enterprise "Minsk Metro"]. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
^ abМетро сегодня [Metro today] (in Russian). Государственное предприятие "Минский Метрополитен" [State Enterprise "Minsk Metro"]. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
^ ab"Empresa – História" [Company – History] (in Portuguese). CBTU – METRÔ BH. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
^"Operação – Linha em operação" [Operations – Line in operation] (in Portuguese). CBTU – METRÔ BH. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
^"Sobre o metro – Memória" (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal – Metrô. 2013. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
^Germano Bastos Lopes, Camilla (7 January 2020). "Em fase de testes, nova estação do metrô é aberta" [In testing phase, new metro station is opened]. Jornal de Brasília (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 1 March 2020.
As for the station opened after the end of 2019, see "Estação Estrada Parque começa a funcionar na segunda-feira" [Estrada Parque station starts operating on Monday]. Correio Braziliense (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diários Associados. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
^"Sobre o metro – Estrutura" (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal – Metrô. 2013. Archived from the original on 20 November 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
^"Inauguração do Metrofor" [Metrofor Inauguration]. www.ceara.gov.br (in Portuguese). State government of Ceará. 16 June 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
^"Expansão do Metrofor" [Metrofor Expansion]. www.metrofor.ce.gov.br (in Portuguese). Metrofor. 5 June 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
^ ab"Dados do Metrofor" [Metrofor Data]. www.metrofor.ce.gov.br (in Portuguese). Metrofor. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
^ ab"História" [History]. www.trensurb.gov.br (in Portuguese). Empresa de Trens Urbanos de Porto Alegre S.A. – TRENSURB. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
^ ab"Estações e sistema" [Stations and network]. www.trensurb.gov.br (in Portuguese). Empresa de Trens Urbanos de Porto Alegre S.A. – TRENSURB. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
^ ab"Empresa – Histórico" [Company – History] (in Portuguese). CBTU-STU Recife. Archived from the original on 10 November 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
^ ab"Sobre o MetrôRio" [About MetrôRio] (in Portuguese). Concessão Metroviária do Rio de Janeiro S.A. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
^ abRodrigues, Matheus; Silveira, Daniel (30 July 2016). "Com Temer e Pezão, Linha 4 do Metrô no Rio é inaugurada" [With Temer and Pezão, Line 4 of the Metro in Rio is inaugurated]. Rio de Janeiro. G1 (in Portuguese). Grupo Globo. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
^"Quem somos" [About us] (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo - Metrô. 2017. Archived from the original on 27 April 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^"TTC – Subway". Toronto Transit Commission. 2016. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
^ ab"2017 – Operating Statistics". Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). 2018. Section Two › Official Opening Date. Archived from the original on 28 January 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
^"2017 – Operating Statistics". Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). 2018. Section One › System Quick Facts. Archived from the original on 28 January 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
^"杭州地铁7号线和9号线全线贯通-杭州新闻中心-杭州网" [Hangzhou Metro Line 7 and Line 9 are fully connected]. hznews.hangzhou.com.cn (in Chinese). Hangzhou News Center. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
^ abc"泉城"济南迈进地铁时代 ["Spring city" Jinan is entering the subway era] (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 1 January 2019. Archived from the original on 2 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
^ ab官宣！洛阳地铁1号线3月28日开通 中西部非省会城市第一个 [Official announcement! Luoyang Metro Line 1 opens on March 28, the first non-capital city in Midwestern China]. Luoyang Daily (in Chinese). 26 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
^"2023_Annual_Report.pdf"(PDF). 營業年度報告2023 Relatório de Exercício de 2023 (in Chinese (Macau) and European Portuguese). Sociedade do Metro Ligeiro de Macau, S.A. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
^ abc"14号线、18号线一期北段12月30日起开通初期运营 申城轨道交通网831公里、5条全自动线 规模世界第一" [Shanghai Metro Line 14 & Line 18 Phrase I north part to enter service on 30 December with the network extends to 831 kilometers and five GoA4 lines as the world's largest metro system]. shmetro.com (in Chinese). 28 December 2021. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
^无锡地铁7月1日开通 全长29.42公里 [Wuxi Metro with a total length of 29.42km opening 1 July] (in Chinese). Jiangsu Real Estate Association. 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
^ ab"Sporplan" [Track plan] (in Danish and English). Metroselskabet. 22 November 2006. Archived from the original(PDF) on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
^ ab"Línea 2 – 1ra Etapa" [Line 2 – 1st Stage] (in Spanish). Oficina para el Reordenamiento de Transporte (OPRET). Archived from the original on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
^ ab"Línea 1" [Line 1] (in Spanish). Oficina para el Reordenamiento de Transporte (OPRET). Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
^ ab"Cairo". metrobits.org. 28 August 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
^As for the size the system reached by the end of 2017, see "The Metro: a Parisian institution". RATP. Archived from the original on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2018. The Montmartre funicular is considered to be part of the metro system, within which is represented by a 303rd fictive station "Funiculaire".
^Groneck, Christoph (20 May 2020). U-Bahn, S-Bahn & Tram in Paris – Urban Rail in the French Capital. Robert Schwandl Verlag. p. 8. ISBN978-3-936573-62-6.
^"Annual Report 2012"(PDF). Tbilisi Transport Company. pp. 24–27. Archived from the original(PDF) on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
^"Architecture". www.bvg.de. Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG). Retrieved 11 October 2018.
^Fender, Keith (4 December 2020). "Berlin U5 extension opens". International Railway Journal. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
^As for the size the system reached by the end of 2009, see Schwandl, Robert (2 July 2014). U-Bahn, S-Bahn & Tram in Berlin (2nd ed.). Schwandl. p. 8. ISBN978-3-936573-43-5.
As for the section opened after the end of 2009, see Fender, Keith (4 December 2020). "Berlin U5 extension opens". International Railway Journal. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
^"Historie der Hochbahn" [History of the U-Bahn] (in German). Hamburger Hochbahn AG. 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
^ ab"Die Hochbahn auf einen Blick" [The Hochbahn at glance] (in German). Hamburger Hochbahn AG. 1 May 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
^ abc"MVG in figures"(PDF). Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH (MVG) Marketing. June 2013. Archived from the original(PDF) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
^ abcLankes, Matthias; Seitzinger, Elisabeth (15 October 2020). "Großreuth bei Schweinau"(PDF). U-Bahn Nürnberg Heft [Nuremberg U-Bahn booklet]. No. 19. Stadt Nürnberg / Planungs- und Baureferat [City of Nuremberg / Planning and Construction Department]. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
^Schwandl, Robert. "Athina". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
^"Historical Data". STASY S.A. 1 August 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013. The Athens Metro incorporates the steam-powered Athens–Piraeus Railway (SAP, now Line 1), which opened on 27 February 1869. The railway's first tunnel section, between Monastiraki and Omonoia, opened on 17 May 1895, and SAP completed the electrification of the line on 16 September 1904.
^ abJoel Joseph (25 April 2017). "Two more Rapid Metro stations open today". The Times of India. Gurugram: The Times Group - Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
^"Your Metro – Features". www.reliancemumbaimetro.com. Mumbai Metro One Private Ltd. Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
^معرفی خطوط قطارشهری مشهد [Introducing lines of Mashhad Urban Railway]. metro.mashhad.ir (in Persian). 11 December 2019. Archived from the original on 28 July 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
^"Parte la metro! 2 marzo 2013" [The Metro is coming!] (in Italian). Brescia Mobilità. 2 March 2013. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
^Rossi, Fabio (12 May 2018). "Roma: Metro C a San Giovanni, oggi apre la nuova tratta" [Rome: Metro C to San Giovanni, today opens the new section]. Il Messaggero (in Italian). Il Messaggero S.p.A. – Caltagirone Editore. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
^ abcよくあるご質問 › 地下鉄について [FAQ › About the subway] (in Japanese). Transportation Bureau, City of Nagoya. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
^ abc地下鉄の概要 [Overview of the subway] (in Japanese). 大阪市営交通局 [Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau]. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
^営業路線の現況 [Current status of routes in commercial service] (in Japanese). 一般社団法人 日本地下鉄協会 [Japan Subway Association]. 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
^営業線の概要 [Overview of operating lines] (in Japanese). 大阪市営交通局 [Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau]. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
^日比谷線新駅の名称を「虎ノ門ヒルズ駅」に決定しました！ [The name for the Hibiya Line new station has been finalised to be "Toranomon Hills Station"!] (PDF). Tokyo Metro. 5 December 2018.
^Lee, In-kyung (14 December 2020). 인천도시철도 1호선 송도달빛축제공원역 개통 기념 첫 손님맞이행사 실시 [First-guest-welcoming event to commemorate the opening of Songdo Moonlight Festival Park Station on Incheon Metro Line 1]. www.itrailnews.co.kr (in Korean). Rail News Corp. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
^ ab"인천교통공사". www.ictr.or.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2 August 2024.
^ abcTransit Planning - Urban Rail Department (27 October 2023). "서울지하철 현황 및 이용안내". news.seoul.go.kr. Seoul Metropolitan Government. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
^ abAs for the size the system reached by the end of 2018, see "Basic data 2019"(PDF). Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB). Retrieved 10 March 2019. The Montjuïc Funicular, despite being considered to be part of the metro system, is excluded.
^Osorio, Silvia (28 June 2014). "Kabiezes se sube al metro" [Kabiezes gets on the subway]. El Correo (in Spanish). Bilbao Editorial. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
^ abAs for the size the system reached by the end of 2017, see "Annual report 2017"(PDF). CRTM – Consorcio Regional de Transportes de Madrid. 2019. p. 29. Archived from the original(PDF) on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
^"Route Map & Timetables". Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation. 19 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
^Smith, Glenn (20 April 2012). "Taiwan: transit in transition". International Railway Journal. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
^ ab"Bursaray Teknık Özellıkler" [Bursaray Technical Specifications] (in Turkish). Burulaş Bursa Ulaşım Toplu Taşım İşletmeciliği Turizm San. Ve Tic. A.Ş. [Burulaş Bursa Transportation Mass Transit Administration Tourism Industry. Ve Tic. Inc.] Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
^Green, Oliver (1987). The London Underground — An illustrated history. Ian Allan.
^ ab"What we do". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022. London Underground, better known as the Tube, has 11 lines covering 402km and serving 272 stations.
^"Toshkent Metropoliteni". tashmetro.uz (in Russian). 25 April 2023. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
^ abRohde, Mike. "Tashkent". Metro Bits. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
^ ab"Sistema Metro" [Metro System] (in Spanish). C.A. Metro de Caracas. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016.
^ abBarrow, Keith (9 November 2015). "Caracas opens metro Line 5". International Railway Journal. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
^"Mapa de rutas" [Map of routes] (in Spanish). C.A. Metro de Caracas. 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016.
^"RELATÓRIO DE GESTÃO 2019" [2019 Management Report] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos (CBTU). 31 December 2019. p. 39. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
^"Relatório Integrado 2022" [Integrated Report 2022] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Empresa de Trens Urbanos de Porto Alegre S.A. – TRENSURB. 31 May 2023. p. 26. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
^This ridership figure is the sum of those quoted for the two metro lines:
^"RELATÓRIO DE AMINISTRAÇÃO 2020" [Management Report 2020] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Concessão Metroviária do Rio de Janeiro S.A. 29 March 2021. p. 12. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
^This annual ridership figure is the difference of those quoted as the system's overall ridership from the start of operations in June 2014:
^"Memoria Anual 2022" [2022 Annual Report] (PDF) (in Spanish). Metro de Santiago – Empresa de Transporte de Pasajeros Metro S.A. 28 August 2023. p. 156. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
^"Výroční Zpráva 2023" [Annual Report 2023] (PDF) (in Czech). Prague: Dopravní podnik hlavnívo města Prahy (DPP). April 2024. p. 14. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
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^"Zahlenspiegel 2023" [Company facts and figures 2022] (PDF) (in German). Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG). 3 June 2023. p. 1. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
^"MVG in figures". Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH (MVG). 17 May 2022. p. 2. Archived from the original(PDF) on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
^"Zahlen. Daten. Fakten 2022"(PDF) (in German). Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg (VGN). p. 16. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
^Έκθεση Πεπραγμένων 2018 [2018 Activity Report] (PDF) (in Greek). OAΣA - Οργανισμός Αστικών Συγκοινωνιών Αθηνών [Athens Urban Transport Organisation]. p. 20. Archived from the original(PDF) on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
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Annual ridership figure is calculated from the 209662 passenger daily average quoted.
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^"Prasarana's Ridership". Prasarana Malaysia Berhad. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
This ridership figure is the sum of those quoted for the rapid transit lines
The ridership figure includes system-wide ridership.
^"Afluencia de estación por línea". Gobierno de la Ciudad de México, Sistema de Transporte Colectivo (in Spanish). Metro CDMX. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
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This ridership figure is derived from the sum of the twelve monthly subtotals for 2020
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^Кількість перевезених пасажирів за видами транспорту [Number of passengers carried by transport mode] (PDF). www.dneprstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України [State statistic service of Ukraine]. 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
^Кількість перевезених пасажирів за видами транспорту [Number of passengers carried by transport mode]. kh.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України [State statistic service of Ukraine]. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2021. (You can select English from the language dropdown)
^Кількість перевезених пасажирів за видами транспорту [Number of passengers carried by transport mode]. kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України [State statistic service of Ukraine]. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
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