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Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243

Coordinates: 43°53′0.741″N 51°0′21.843″E / 43.88353917°N 51.00606750°E / 43.88353917; 51.00606750
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Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243
4K-AZ65, the aircraft involved in the accident
Accident
Date25 December 2024 (2024-12-25)
SummaryCrashed on approach during emergency landing; under investigation.
SiteNear Aktau International Airport, Aktau, Kazakhstan
43°53′0.741″N 51°0′21.843″E / 43.88353917°N 51.00606750°E / 43.88353917; 51.00606750
Aircraft
Aircraft typeEmbraer 190AR
Aircraft nameGusar
OperatorAzerbaijan Airlines
IATA flight No.J28243
ICAO flight No.AHY8243
Call signAZAL 8243
Registration4K-AZ65
Flight originHeydar Aliyev International Airport, Baku, Azerbaijan
DestinationKadyrov Grozny International Airport, Chechnya, Russia
Occupants67
Passengers62
Crew5
Fatalities38
Injuries29
Survivors29

Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Baku, Azerbaijan, to Grozny, Russia, which was operated by Azerbaijan Airlines. On 25 December 2024, the Embraer 190 operating the route crashed near Aktau International Airport, Kazakhstan, with 62 passengers and 5 crew on board.[1][2][3]

Russian news agencies said that the plane had been flying from Baku to Grozny in the Russian republic of Chechnya but had been rerouted due to fog in Grozny. The plane reportedly squawked 7700 on its transponder signalling an emergency on board while flying over the Caspian Sea. Immediately following the crash, both Kremlin and Azerbaijani authorities said it was too early to speculate on the cause, though Russia's Federal Air Transport Agency suggested the accident may have been caused by a bird strike.[4][5] In contrast, survivors reported an explosion and shrapnel hitting the aircraft.[6][7] In total, 38 people died in the accident, including both pilots; 29 people survived.[8][9] On 26 December, Azerbaijani officials told Reuters that they believed Russian air defences were responsible for the crash.[10]

Background

Aircraft

The aircraft involved, which was manufactured in 2013, was an Embraer 190AR, serial number 19000630, registered 4K-AZ65 and named Gusar.[11][12] It was powered by two General Electric CF34-10E6 engines,[13] and underwent its last maintenance on 18 October 2024.[11] It made its first flight on 22 July 2013 and was owned by Azerbaijan Airlines. Since 2013 the aircraft was operated by the airline, except from 2017 to 2023 when it flew under the airline's subsidiary Buta Airways.[12][14] The aircraft was 11 years old at the time of the accident.[15]

Passengers and crew

The aircraft was carrying 62 passengers and 5 crew members. Of those, 37 people were Azerbaijani citizens, 16 were Russian, 6 were Kazakhstani, and 3 were Kyrgyz. The remaining five were crew members, who were all Azerbaijanis.[16] Four minors were on board.[17] Of the 67 people on board, 29 survived, and 38 died. Three of the five crew members survived, while both pilots died in the accident.[18] Authorities said all of the fatalities died at the scene.[19] The 29 survivors,[20] including two children, were hospitalised following the accident[21] for injuries that included closed craniocerebral injuries, brain concussion, closed chest injuries, and traumatic shocks.[22] Eleven of them were in a critical condition.[23][24] Captain Igor Kshnyakin was the pilot in command.[25] He and his co-pilot had accumulated over 10,000 hours of flight time.[26]

Nationalities
Country Passengers Crew Total Survived passengers Survived crew Reference
Azerbaijan 37 5 42 14 3 [18][27][28][29]
Kazakhstan 6 — 6 — — [27][28][29]
Kyrgyzstan 3 — 3 3 — [27][28][29][30]
Russia 16 — 16 9 — [27][29][28]
Total 62 5 67 26 3

Accident

Map
Recorded track of the flight. The light pink line over the Caspian Sea denotes an inferred path where locational data was not sent by the aircraft. Click to enlarge[31]

The aircraft took off from Baku International Airport at 07:55 Azerbaijan Time (AZT, UTC+04:00) on a flight to Grozny Airport.[2] According to flight tracking service Flightradar24, the aircraft was "exposed to strong GPS jamming and spoofing" while flying near Grozny.[32] GPS jamming has been a known issue on flights and has been encountered while entering Russian airspace.[33] Multiple checklists were made to handle such jamming, while spoofing is seen as more insidious.[33] A surviving passenger said that on the third attempt to land in dense fog at Grozny an explosion blew out some of the aircraft skin.[2]

The aircraft was diverted to Makhachkala's Uytash Airport in Dagestan, Russia. However the weather in Makhachkala was also poor and the aircraft was unable to land. It was subsequently diverted to Aktau, Kazakhstan.[9][29] The aircraft had been cruising at about 30,000 feet (9,100 m) when it disappeared from radar coverage at 08:40 AZT (04:40 UTC) before reappearing off the coast of Kazakhstan at around 10:07 AZT (06:07 UTC).[34]

The crew gave a distress signal by squawking 7700 on its transponder, at 09:35 AZT and reported a failure of the control system.[35] Then at 09:49, the pilots requested an emergency landing in Aktau International Airport in Aktau, Kazakhstan, and tried to make it in direct mode.[3] The plane entered Kazkhstan's airspace at 11:02 Kazakhstan time (06:02 UTC),[36] then reappeared on radar at 11:07, flying over the Caspian Sea toward Aktau, significantly off its usual flight path.[3] Altitude and speed data from FlightRadar24 indicates the aircraft experienced extreme varying altitude and speed values.[31]

The aircraft completed two turns near Aktau airport. As it was making a third turn,[37] at 11:30 Kazakhstan time,[36] the airplane struck the ground, with its right wing hitting first. It then tumbled, exploded, and broke into two major pieces. The explosion combined with the fire that broke out after the plane crashed destroyed the front section of the plane. The tail section of the plane came to rest upside down away from the main wreckage, and remained largely intact. The accident was captured on video, which showed that the landing gear was deployed when the plane hit the ground.[38] Emergency responders arrived, and the fire was put out by 12:05.[36]

Preliminary information from Russia's Federal Air Transport Agency[32] suggested that the request for emergency landing was due to colliding with a flock of birds.[39] Images from the scene showed significant perforating holes on the tail surfaces,[35][40] and survivors of the accident reported hearing an explosion followed by shrapnel hitting the plane and some passengers.[6][7] The crew had reported a strong impact on the fuselage from what was initially assumed to have been birds. Later, Kazakhstan's emergency services reported that an oxygen cylinder on board might have exploded.[41][42][43]

Aftermath

Following the accident, a state of emergency was declared in Tupkaragan District, where the aircraft crashed.[44] A total of 482 emergency response personnel, 97 pieces of special equipment, 10 canine brigades, and two aircraft were deployed to the accident site.[45] Additional doctors were flown in from Astana to treat the injured.[3] The Blood Center of the Mangystau Region reached out to the public, asking that healthy individuals donate blood. Soon after, residents of Aktau arrived at the center to donate their blood,[46] with around 300 participating.[47] Residents of Astana have also lined up at the city's blood center to donate blood.[48] The Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations flew equipment and medical workers to Kazakhstan to help with the response to the accident.[32] It later airlifted Russian nationals injured in the accident to Moscow.[49] On 26 December, seven injured Azerbaijanis were repatriated by Baku's Ministry of Emergency Situations.[50]

A crisis centre was established at the Russian consulate in Oral, while diplomatic staff were also sent to the accident site.[51] Representatives from the Azerbaijani consulate in Aktau were also deployed to the accident site.[52] A special medical team and related equipment were also dispatched from Azerbaijan.[53] On the day of the accident, the aircraft's flight recorders were located by a search team.[54][55][56]

Azerbaijan Airlines suspended its Baku–Grozny–Baku and Baku–Makhachkala–Baku flights for the duration of the investigation.[57] It also opened a hotline for relatives of those on board[3] and changed its social media profiles to black as a sign of mourning.[32]

Unofficial sources[who?] have claimed that the incident was caused by Russia either accidentally or deliberately. The Kremlin has stated that they will not comment on the causes of the plane crash in Aktau until the results of the investigation are announced.[58] NATO has called for a comprehensive investigation into the crash.[59]

AZAL has decided to pay 20,000 manats as compensation to each of the passengers who were injured on the "Embraer 190" aircraft operating flight Baku-Grozny with flight number J2-8243, and 40,000 manats to the families of those who passed away. Additionally, all passengers will receive the corresponding insurance payment, in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan and best international practices.[60]

Reactions

Transportation to Moscow of Russian citizens injured in the crash of Flight 8243

Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev was en route to the Commonwealth of Independent States summit in Saint Petersburg, Russia, when news of the accident broke out,[61] leading him to return to Baku,[62][63] where he held an emergency meeting on the accident shortly after landing at Baku airport.[64] He declared a day of national mourning for 26 December.[29] First lady and vice president Mehriban Aliyeva also expressed condolences.[3]

Condolences to Azerbaijan were expressed by Chechen president Ramzan Kadyrov,[29] Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev,[65] Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan,[66] Bulgarian President Rumen Radev,[67] Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić,[68] Pakistani Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif,[69] Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov,[70] Russian President Vladimir Putin,[71] Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan,[72] the American[73], British,[74] French,[75] Lithuanian[76] and Israeli[77] embassies, and the Georgian,[78] Omani,[79] and Romanian[80] foreign ministries. Flowers were laid at the Azerbaijani embassy in Astana in mourning for the victims.[81]

A moment of silence was held at noon across Azerbaijan to mark the day of national mourning on 26 December.[82] It was decided that the matches of the eighth round of Azerbaijan Futsal Premier League and the Azerbaijan National Futsal Cup scheduled for 26 December will begin with a one-minute silence.[83] Due to the day of national mourning, the matches of the Azerbaijan Taekwondo Championship,[84] as well as the Azerbaijan Wrestling Championship scheduled for 26 December, were postponed.[85] Additionally, all cultural and mass events planned in theater and concert venues on that date were also postponed.[86]

Investigation

Embraer said it would assist in the investigation.[87] It along with the Brazilian air incident investigation agency CENIPA sent representatives to Kazakhstan.[88] Both Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan opened commissions to investigate the disaster.[89][2] The Kazakh commission was headed by deputy prime minister Kanat Bozumbayev, while Kazakh emergencies minister Chingis Arinov also visited Aktau.[90] The Azerbaijani commission was headed by Prime Minister Ali Asadov.[91] Azerbaijan sent a delegation consisting of its emergency situations minister, deputy general prosecutor, and the vice president of Azerbaijan Airlines to Aktau to conduct an on-site investigation.[32] Sources close to the investigation claimed that surviving passengers stated that, while nearing Grozny, they had heard an explosion followed by what was described as shrapnel hitting and penetrating the aircraft.[6]

On 26 December, Azerbaijani government sources confirmed to Euronews that a Russian surface-to-air missile, a Pantsir-S1 according to government sources talking to AnewZ, had fired at the aircraft above Grozny, detonating near the plane, injuring passengers and crew members. Khamzat Kadyrov confirmed that a Ukrainian drone attack on Grozny took place on Wednesday morning. Despite the pilots' requests to perform an emergency landing, they were denied to do so at any Russian airport, instead being ordered to fly towards Aktau.[92] Reports indicate that the plane's GPS navigation systems were jammed along the flight route over the sea. Baku-based international media outlet AnewZ, citing Azerbaijani government sources, reported that the missile was fired by a Pantsir-S air defense system. According to Russian sources, as Flight 8243 flew over Chechen airspace, Russian air defense forces were actively engaging Ukrainian drones. On the morning of 25 December, the head of the Security Council of the Chechen Republic, Khamzat Kadyrov, confirmed that Grozny had been attacked by drones. He stated that there were no casualties or damage resulting from the incident.[92]

Later, Azerbaijan's Caliber editorial reported information from what they considered reliable government sources, stating that initial investigation results indicated the plane was targeted near Grozny by Russia's Pantsir-S air defense system.[93] Azerbaijani media outlets referenced this report, publishing similar news.[94] Subsequently, four sources in Azerbaijan with knowledge of the investigation informed Reuters that the airplane was downed by a Russian air defence system. According to one of the sources, preliminary investigation showed that the plane was hit by a Russian Pantsir-S air defence system, and its communication systems were jammed by electronic warfare systems when approaching Grozny.[95]

Hypotheses

Flight 8243 was flying in an area where Russia had recently downed Ukrainian drones performing attacks on Russia as part of the Russo-Ukrainian war when it crashed.[10] According to Flightradar24, Flight 8243 encountered GPS interference, with invalid ADS-B position data starting at 04:25 UTC due to significant interference.[31]

Damage to the plane included apparent shrapnel marks on the vertical stabilizer and wings, suggesting an explosion nearby.[96][6] Witness accounts reported injuries, with one woman wounded in the leg, and another witness's life jacket pierced by shrapnel.[97] Military analyst Yan Matveyev hypothesized that Russian anti-aircraft systems, possibly the Pantsir-S1, may have mistaken the plane for a UAV due to a failure in the friend-or-foe identification system.[96] Speaking to Türkiye Today, aviation analyst Richard Aboulafia challenged the bird strike hypothesis, saying "You can lose control of the plane, but you don't fly wildly off course as a consequence." Türkiye Today noted that the extensive shrapnel damage patterns across the aircraft’s fuselage and tail section was inconsistent with damage from bird strikes, instead resembling those of impacts of anti-aircraft ammunition, adding that "The concentration of puncture holes in the tail section suggests a possible loss of hydraulic systems, similar to the United Airlines Flight 232 accident".[7] Militarnyi also noted similarities between this flight and an Ilyushin Il-22PP damaged by an anti-aircraft missile, stating that "one can see the similarity of damage and the number of holes in the hull, which probably indicates damage by a high-explosive fragment".[98] Meduza similarly described evidence suggesting that the jet was hit by Russian air defence.[99] Osprey Flight Solutions, a United Kingdom-based aviation security firm which provides analysis for airlines still flying into Russia, warned its clients that the aircraft had likely been shot down by a Russian military air-defence system.[100]

See also

References

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  90. ^ "Kazakh Emergency Minister Chingis Arinov arrives in Aktau". Kazinform. 25 December 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  91. ^ "Measures underway to organize evacuation of Azerbaijani citizens receiving treatment in Aktau". Apa.az. 25 December 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  92. ^ a b "Exclusive: Preliminary investigation confirms Russian missile caused Azerbaijan Airlines crash". Euronews. 26 December 2024. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  93. ^ "Preliminary investigation: AZAL aircraft shot down by Russian air defence - Exclusive data by Caliber.Az". caliber.az. 26 December 2024. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  94. ^ "KİV: AZAL-ın təyyarəsi Rusiyanın "Pantsir-S" HHM-nin hücumuna məruz qalıb" [Media: AZAL plane attacked by Russian Pantsir-S missile system]. Report İnformasiya Agentliyi (in Azerbaijani). 26 December 2024. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  95. ^ "Russian air-defense system downed Azerbaijan plane, sources say". Reuters. 26 December 2024. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  96. ^ a b "Самолет мог быть поврежден зенитной ракетой". Ян Матвеев – о версии авиакатастрофы в Казахстане из-за работы российской ПВО ["The plane could have been damaged by an anti-aircraft missile." Yan Matveyev on the version of the plane crash in Kazakhstan due to the work of Russian air defense] (in Russian). 25 December 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2024 – via www.currenttime.tv.
  97. ^ "Azerbaijani resources report that a passenger on an Embraer plane was wounded by shrapnel while still in the air". Pravda. 25 December 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  98. ^ "Baku-Grozny Flight Crashes Over Russia: Evidence Points to Possible Air Defense Hit". Militarnyi. 25 December 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
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  100. ^ "Azerbaijan Airlines plane 'likely shot down by Russian air defences'". The Telegraph. 26 December 2024. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
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