The Prince of Basra
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The Prince of Basra is a title of nobility that was created in 1596 by Afrasiyab I after assuming the seat of ruling over Basra and establishing the House of Afrasiyab, which would rule the Principality of Basra from 1596 to 1668.[1][2]
| principality of Basra Arabic: إمارة البصرة | |
|---|---|
| Prince of Basra | |
 A Map of the Basra Region,17th century | |
| Country | Ottoman Iraq |
| Founded | 1596 |
| Founder | Afrasiyab I |
| Final ruler | Hussein Pasha |
History
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In 1596 the Ottoman governor sold Basra to a certain Afrasiyab, until 1668, Basra was considered a hereditary eyalet under the Afrasiyab family.[3][4]
During this period, the Safavid Shah Abbas the Great (r. 1588–1629) made a number of attempts to capture Basra, a major rival for his own commercial port city of Bandar Abbas, and a base for the Portuguese traders in the region. The Safavid attempts in 1624, 1625, and 1628–1629 during the War of 1623–1639 proved unsuccessful, through a combination of Portuguese interference, pressing concerns on other fronts and, finally, Abbas' death.[3]
Though the Safavids acknowledged Ottoman rule over Iraq in the Treaty of Zuhab (1639), they were occasionally tempted to attempt to regain it, for instance after the Ottoman defeat at Vienna in 1683. More cautious and conservative factions, aware of the decline in Safavid military strength, prevailed against it.[3] Relations remained fraught around Basra due to the continuous harassment of Iranian pilgrims by the Ottoman authorities, so that the Safavids even prohibited the passage of pilgrims on several occasions.[3] Furthermore, upheavals in southern Iraq continued to spill over the border into Safavid territory. Thus in 1667, when Husayn Pasha of the Afrasiyab dynasty refused to acknowledge the suzerainty of the Sultan and the Ottomans sent a punitive expedition against him, Husayn Pasha evacuated the entire population to Safavid territory while offering the city to the Safavids.[3][5] Shah Suleiman I (r. 1666–1694), however, dismissed Husayn Pasha's pleas as he did not want to antagonize the Ottomans,[3] and in 1668, the Ottoman governor of Baghdad established direct control over Basra.[6]
See also
References
- ^ OrientalStudies (2013-03-27). "امارة افراسياب في البصرة(1596-1668م)، عُمر جاسم". دراسات مشرقية - Oriental Studies. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
- ^ Ahmed_Abdelfattah. تاريخ العراق بين إحتلالين (8 مجلدات) عبّاس العزّاوي.
- ^ a b c d e f Matthee 2006b.
- ^ Matthee 2006a, p. 59.
- ^ Matthee 2006a, pp. 67–69.
- ^ Longrigg & Lang 2015.
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