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Werner Erhard

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Werner Erhard
BornSeptember 5, 1935
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
United States
OccupationRetired[citation needed]
Spouse(s)Patricia Fry, September 26, 1953 - 1960 (divorced)
Ellen Erhard (June Bryde), March 29, 1960 - November 1983(divorced)
Children7
Websitewernererhard.com

Werner Hans Erhard [1] (nee John Paul Rosenberg, born September 5, 1935 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a creator of transformational models and applications for individuals, groups, and organizations[2] and is best known by the public for the programs he created named the “est Training” (1971 – 1983) and the “Forum” (1984 – 1991). Erhard’s programs were offered to the public successively by the following businesses: Erhard Seminars Training Inc. (1971 - 1975), est, an educational corporation (1975 - 1981), and Werner Erhard & Associates (1981 – 1991).

In 1991, Erhard sold his then-existing intellectual properties to Landmark Education, retired and left the United States.

Erhard, along with John Denver, Robert W. Fuller, and others, founded The Hunger Project in 1977.

Early life (1935-1960)

Jack Rosenberg graduated from Norristown High School, Norristown, Pennsylvania in June 1953, along with his future wife Patricia Fry. [3] Rosenberg married Patricia Fry on 26 September 1953 [4] and they had four [5] children together. He was nick-named "Jack Frost" while selling cars in Philadelphia. [6]

From Philadelphia to California: Jack Rosenberg Becomes Werner Erhard (1960 - 1971)

In 1960 Rosenberg left his first wife and family in Philadelphia and traveled west with a woman he met and married in Philadelphia, June Bryde. He changed his name to Werner Hans Erhard and his new wife changed hers to Ellen Virginia Erhard. Erhard chose his name from Esquire magazine articles he read about then-West German economics minister Ludwig Erhard and the philosopher and physicist Werner Heisenberg.[7]. The newly-renamed Erhards moved to St. Louis. The next year, he sold correspondence courses in the Midwest, then drove to California to seek a better territory. He was assigned to Spokane, Washington.[8] After a few months, he took a job with Encyclopædia Britannica's "Great Books" program, and soon gained promotion to a position of area training manager. In January 1962 Erhard switched to the Parent's Magazine Cultural Institute, a child-development materials division of Parents Magazine. In the late summer of 1962 he won promotion to the position of Territorial Manager for California, Nevada, and Arizona, and moved to San Francisco; and in the spring of 1963 to Los Angeles. Werner and Ellen's first child, Celeste, arrived on August 2, 1963.[9]

In January, 1964, "Parents" promoted Erhard and transferred him to Arlington, Virginia as the Southeast Region Zone Manager. In August, 1964, Erhard resigned over a dispute with the President of "Parents", returning to his previous position in San Francisco.[10] The couple moved into an apartment in Sausalito and had a second daughter, Adair, on December 27, 1964; and Erhard began a close friendship with Alan Watts. In the next few years, Erhard brought on-staff at "Parents" many people who would become important in est, including Elaine Cronin, Gonneke Spits and Laurel Scheaf. In 1967 Erhard was promoted to the position of Vice President of "Parents".[11]

Early Influences

In California in the 1960s Erhard engaged in a wide variety of spiritual, New Age and transformative activities, including Zen Buddhism, Dianetics and Scientology. Erhard also explored Dale Carnegie courses, Maxwell Maltz's Psycho-Cybernetics, Fritz Perls' Gestalt Therapy, Abraham Maslow's Transpersonal psychology, and Subud, among other psychological and spiritual methods.

Zen

In William Bartley's biography, Werner Erhard: The Transformation of a Man, the Founding of est (1976), Erhard describes these explorations. Bartley quotes Erhard as acknowledging Zen as the essential contribution that "created the space for" est.[12] Bartley details Erhard's connections with Zen beginning with his extensive studies with Alan Watts in the mid 1960s.[13] Bartley quotes Erhard as acknowledging:

Of all the disciplines that I studied, practiced, learned, Zen was the essential one. It was not so much an influence on me, rather it created space. It allowed those things that were there to be there. It gave some form to my experience. And it built up in me the critical mass from which was kindled the experience that produced est. [14]

Scientology

William Bartley in his biography of Werner Erhard said “When I asked Werner to sum up the differences between est and Scientology, he reflected for a moment.

The est training is quite different from Scientology practices and processes,” In essential respects, however, the two are different. “The essential difference between est and Scientology is twofold. The first has to do with Scientology’s emphasis on survival and its idea that the purpose of life is survival. Est sees the purpose of life as wholeness or completion – truth – not survival. Completion is the state in which that which is, is and that which is not, is not. So the purpose of life as I see it is to be complete, in one’s relationship to oneself, to others and to the universe. Being in a state of completion is tantamount to being satisfied,” Werner continued. “And to be satisfied is to be in a state where the moment is sufficient unto itself. To say it more conversationally, by ‘completion’ I mean ‘aliveness’ by which I refer to the state of love, vitality, happiness, and full self-expression. This does not mean that est is opposed to survival. Of course one has a responsibility for survival, not only for oneself, but for others and societies and organizations too. But that is not the point to life. Nor is it a sufficiently accurate fundamental context to empower you in life. The other main differerence between est and Scientology lies in the treatment of knowing. Ron Hubbard seems to have no difficulty in codifying the truth and in urging people to believe it. But I suspect all codifications, particularly my own. In presenting my own ideas, I emphasize their epistemological context. I hold them as pointers to the truth, not as the truth itself. I don’t think anyone ought to believe the ideas that we use in est. The est philosophy is not a belief system and most certainly ought not to be believed. In any case, even the truth, when believed, is a lie. You must experience the truth, not believe it.[15]

The Church of Scientology later included "ERHARD, WERNER" [16] on a list of "suppressive persons" and "fair game"] (enemies) [17] dating from 1992. Erhard's brother Harry Rosenberg called in to Larry King Live when Scientology President Heber Jentzsch appeared on the show on December 20, 1993. During the call, as "3rd Caller", Rosenberg identified himself and alleged that Jentzsch had utilized the Church of Scientology to threaten Erhard[18].

est: Erhard Seminars Training (1971 - 1981)

Main article: Erhard Seminars Training

Erhard reported having had a revelation while driving across the Golden Gate Bridge on U.S. Route 101 in Marin County, California in 1971. He started to see the world as perfect "the way it is" and reported an insight that his attempts to change or modify either his physical circumstances or his mental outlook had their basis in a conception of the world (that it should differ from "the way it is") that precluded or at least limited one's experiential and creative appreciation of it. Erhard put together an intensive two–weekend course he called est. He constructed the course in such a way as to attempt to bring its students into a conceptual place where they could experience a realization similar to his own Highway-101 revelation. This lengthy course (consisting sometimes of 18–hour days) became controversial and (to many people who went through the seminar) exciting.

Pressman characterizes the content-creation of the est training as: "the hours of materials [Erhard] had stitched together from Scientology and Mind Dynamics and Dale Carnegie and Maxwell Maltz and a variety of other sources." [19]

Many est participants claimed to experience greatly increased vitality and better self-expression[citation needed]. A weekly program of seminars, each concerned with various aspects of life (integrity, self-expression, sex and intimacy, money, commitment, etc. evolved. A more intensive six-day course originated as a communication workshop.

Werner Erhard and Associates (1981 - 1991) and the Forum

File:Erhard Conducts Seminar.jpg
Werner Erhard conducts a seminar

Main article: Werner Erhard and Associates

In the 1980s Erhard worked with Fernando Flores [20] — philosopher, senator [21] of Chile and businessman — on aspects of language, setting up sets of practices which make a distinction between, on the one hand "speaking that describes being" with, on the other hand, "speaking that brings forth being". From 1982 to 1984 Erhard conducted a series of "Saturday Satellite Seminars" where he integrated into the est-training the work he had undertaken with Flores. These seminars culminated in Erhard's announcement in 1984 of the retirement of the est-training, after the participation of 750,000 "graduates", and its replacement by a new program called "the Forum", inaugurated in January 1985. The "work" co-created with Flores and incorporated as Hermenet had existed side-by-side with the est training and its programs[citation needed]. The changes brought about by the Flores/Erhard partnership introduced participants and graduates of Erhard's programs to what Werner Erhard and Associates (WE&A) called a "Transformational Technology", based especially on the work of 20th-century philosophers of language: Martin Heidegger (especially the idea that "language is the house of being"), Ludwig Wittgenstein (the concept of "language games"), and John Austin (theory of "speech acts"[citation needed]. Offerings such as the Action Workshop oriented participants towards developing facility in two types of conversations: "conversations for action" and "conversations for possibility". WE&A characterized "conversations for action" as: declarations, promises, requests, and assertions. It saw "conversations for possibility" as conversations that facilitate inquiry.[citation needed]

Erhard intended this new "work" to acquire more mainstream respectability and to appeal to business and management markets. What est had called "space" or the "space of being" now became "the domain of possibility" or the "possibility of being for human beings". Where part of est's "Day 4" had included a "three-circle talk" on "being, doing, and having", the Forum now featured three distinctions of the domains of "possibility, presence, and representation" [22] (A former associate of Erhard's, John Hanley, described very similar shifts he made in his Lifespring training, in his book Lifespring, 1990 rpt.)

The change in course-content accompanied a focus on a new type of clientèle. Promotional literature began claiming that Werner Erhard and Associates delivered seminars to, and performed consulting work for, a number of multinational corporations.

After he retired the est training, Erhard inaugurated a presentation/workshop ("[a] guided dialogue between [...] instructor and participants" [23] ) which deployed the Socratic method of inquiry[citation needed] and which he called "the Forum". As the corporate vehicle for delivering his latest offering, Erhard used Werner Erhard and Associates (WEA or WE&A), the corporate successor to the est Foundation. Presentations of the Forum continue to take place today in major cities in the USA and worldwide as the "Landmark Forum" under the auspices of WE&A's successor-organization Landmark Education.

1991 - present

Since his retirement in 1991, Erhard has kept a low profile, except for a few public appearances. He has participated in some notable colaborations with various public figures. In recent years he has worked in the area of peace and reconciliation in Northern Ireland with along with author Peter Block [2].

CBS television's 60 Minutes program in March 1991 made allegations of family abuse, incest and rape against Erhard. [24] Erhard filed but then withdrew a lawsuit alleging "false, misleading and defamatory statements" on the part of CBS. [25]

On December 8, 1993, Erhard appeared on Larry King Live in an episode titled "Whatever Happened to Werner Erhard?" via satellite from Moscow in Russia. The show also ran clips from that earlier episode when it interviewed Scientology president Heber Jentzsch on December 20, 1983 (transcript). Erhard's brother Harry Rosenberg, currently CEO and Director at Landmark Education, called into the December 20 show.

Gonneke Spits accompanied Werner Erhard to a May 11, 2004 event at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, entitled "From Thought to Action: Growing Leaders in a Changing World". The event took place in honor of a longtime friend, Warren Bennis, who had taken Erhard Seminars Training and then consulted for Werner Erhard and Associates. Publicity at the event noted that Spits had "worked with Erhard for the past 40 years." [26]

As of 2001, Erhard was reported to be living at least part time with Gonneke Spits in Georgetown, Cayman Islands[27]Cite error: There are <ref> tags on this page without content in them (see the help page). A 2002 book written by est graduates, Self Realization: The Est and Forum Phenomena in American Society, states that: "He is married to his third wife, a former est trainer."[28]

In 2006, Erhard appeared in the Robyn Symon documentary: Transformation: The Life and Legacy of Werner Erhard [29].

Family

Werner Erhard's mother, Dorothy S. Clauson Rosenberg[30], met her husband Joseph Rosenberg while working as a waitress in Germantown, Philadelphia. Erhard's parents married in August 1933. [31] They separated in 1934, but reconciled in early 1935, prior to Erhard's birth on September 5, 1935.

Erhard's brother, Harry Rosenberg, holds the positions of Chief Executive Officer and of Director of Landmark Education. Their sister Joan Rosenberg is the Vice President of the Centers Division for Landmark Education, LLC, and with brother Harry also serves as a member of the Board of Directors. Erhard also has another brother, Nathan Rosenberg — at one time associated with Landmark Education, now doing consulting and transformation independently. Werner Erhard married twice: to Patricia Fry and to June Bryde (aka Ellen Erhard). He has four children from the first marriage and three children from his second marriage.

Template:WernerErhardtree1

Name-changes

Werner Erhard was a name taken later in life. Other names:

Controversies

In a highly critical book Outrageous Betrayal, author Steven Pressman recounts how incest allegations against Werner Erhard made on CBS television's 60 Minutes program in March 1991 came from Deborah Rosenberg, the youngest child from Erhard's first marriage. [33] Deborah Rosenberg's allegations of molestation and rape also appeared in print in an article [34] in the San Francisco Chronicle. Another daughter, Celeste Erhard, subsequently stated that third parties tricked her into exaggerating spicy details about her father's alleged behavior (she and another sister had made allegations of domestic violence against her father on 60 Minutes, not about incest or rape). Celeste Erhard said that the media had told her that the articles and her appearance on 60 Minutes aimed to get publicity for a book. [35]

Steven Pressman tells how Erhard filed but then withdrew a lawsuit alleging "false, misleading and defamatory statements" against CBS in the wake of the latter's 60 Minutes program. [36]

Art Schreiber of Landmark Education noted in a letter [37] of July 31 1998:

There have been allegations that Mr. Erhard was abusive to his family. However, those allegations were later recanted. I am enclosing a copy of the article in the July 16, 1992 edition of the San Jose Mercury News regarding the lawsuit brought by one of Mr. Erhard's daughters against a San Jose Mercury News reporter for fraudulently promising her payment as incentive for her to make such false allegation to the media.

Reports of recanted allegations:

“The Best of est?” by Charlotte Faltermayer, Time Magazine, March 16, 1998;[38]

“EST is back, More Popular Than Ever”, abcnews.com, August 13, 2002;[39]

In the Stephanie Ney court case of 1992 (resulting from Ney's participation in "the Forum") a U.S. court in a default judgment ordered Werner Erhard (in absentia) to pay more than $500,000 in damages for "mental injuries". [40]

In the trial, the court did not find "the Forum" the cause of Stephanie Ney's injuries, but because Erhard never contested the suit, the court entered the default judgment against him.

IRS disputes

In September 1996 Werner Erhard received $200,000 from the United States IRS [41] for wrongful disclosure of false information.

In another case, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit found Erhard did not have grounds for changing a previous tax decision February 8, 1995, in the case "Werner H. Erhard v. Commissioner Internal Revenue Service".

The Hunger Project (1977 - )

Main article: The Hunger Project

Erhard formed the opinion that death by starvation did not occur because of lack of food to feed all those who suffered from chronic hunger. Instead he blamed the "context" in which people viewed and interacted with chronic hunger. That context, he said, consisted of a closely-held belief (or discourse, or conversation) that saw hunger as inevitable, a context of scarcity that governed all the interactions and fixes currently applied by those then attempting to fix the problem.

Along with John Denver and Oberlin College President Robert W. Fuller, Erhard co-founded The Hunger Project in 1977. The Project had the initial stated intention of making "The End of Starvation within 20 Years an 'Idea Whose Time Has Come.'" Erhard served on the Project's board from 1979 to 1990, after which he ceased contact with the organization.

Landmark Education

Main article: Landmark Education

In 1991 Landmark Education purchased the intellectual property of Werner Erhard and Associates and continued to offer the courses originally designed by Erhard. The Bay Area Reporter reported that when Erhard initially sold WE&A and left the United States, WE&A was "sold to employees and Erhard's brother, Nathan Rosenberg, the for-profit corporation was renamed Landmark Education Corporation."[42] According to The Los Angeles Times' Robert W. Welkos: "[i]n the end, Erhard received so much notoriety, including a scathing segment on 60 Minutes last March [1991], that he sold his business ..."[43]

In 1998, Time Magazine ran an article about Landmark Education and its historical connection to Werner Erhard. The article stated: "In 1991, before he left the U.S., Erhard sold the 'technology' behind his seminars to his employees, who formed a new company called the Landmark Education Corp., with Erhard's brother Harry Rosenberg at the helm." Erhard's sister (Joan Rosenberg) acts as the Vice President of Landmark Education's Centers Division.

The prior president and registered agent of Werner Erhard and Associates,[44] [45] (Art Schreiber), functions as Landmark Education's General Counsel and Chairman of the Landmark Education Board of Directors. [46] Art Schreiber acted as Werner Erhard's personal attorney[47].

Landmark Education states that its programs have as their basis ideas originally developed by Erhard, but that Erhard has no financial interest, ownership, or management role in Landmark Education. [48] Arthur Schreiber's declaration of 3 May 2005 states: "Landmark Education has never paid Erhard under the license agreements (he assigned his rights to others)."[49]

In Stephanie Ney v. Landmark Education Corporation (1994), [50] the courts determined that Landmark Education Corporation did not have successor-liability to Werner Erhard & Associates, the corporation whose assets Landmark Education purchased.

As of 1998, Erhard's financial ties to Landmark Education consisted of a licensing fee, and a license to Erhard's intellectual properties that would have reverted back to Erhard in 2009[51]. The 1998 Metroactive article reported that: "..The Forum is in fact owned by Erhard, and is scheduled to revert to him in 2009. Erhard's 63 now and is assured 50 percent of Landmark's net pre-tax profit each quarter, not to exceed $15 million in the 18-year lifespan of the license. Furthermore, Erhard's brother, Harry Rosenberg, currently works as Landmark's CEO, and their sister Joan Rosenberg serves as a director."[51] Almost identical information appears in Pressman's Outrageous Betrayal, where Pressman writes: "Landmark Education further agreed to pay Erhard a long-term licensing fee for the material used in the Forum and other courses. Werner Erhard stood to earn up to $15 million over the next eighteen years."[52]

In 2001, Landmark Education reportedly purchased Werner Erhard's license and his rights to Landmark Education intellectual properties[27]. New York reported that Landmark Education CEO Harry Rosenberg: "says the company has bought outright Erhard's license and his rights to Japan and Mexico."[27] From time to time Erhard consults with Landmark Education, [53] but (according to a Landmark Education statement) he has no ownership or management interest in that company.

Excellerated Business Schools

The website of Excellerated Business Schools (which offers "transformational, entrepreneurial education") lists "Werner Erhard" in the category of "Other Teachers, Masters and Mentors" on its "Acknowledgments" page. [54]

Awards

See also

Documentaries

The Century of the Self

Werner Erhard appeared in the 2002 British documentary by Adam Curtis, The Century of the Self. He appears in episode part 3 of 4. This segment of the video discusses the Est Training in great detail, and includes interviews with Est graduates John Denver, and Jerry Rubin.

Transformation: The Life and Legacy of Werner Erhard

In 2006, Erhard appeared alongside Landmark Forum Leader Laurel Scheaf (pictured) and Landmark Forum Leader Randy McNamara (pictured), in the Robyn Symon documentary: Transformation: The Life and Legacy of Werner Erhard [57].

Fictional depictions

Biographies

  • Bartley, III, William Warren (1978). Werner Erhard The transformation of a man: The founding of est. NY, NY, USA: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. ISBN 0-517-53502-5. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

Other Books

  • Self, Jane (1992) 60 Minutes and the Assassination of Werner Erhard: How America's Top Rated Television Show Was Used in an Attempt to Destroy a Man Who Was Making A Difference. Breakthru Publishing. ISBN 0-942540-23-9
  • Pressman, Steven (1993) Outrageous Betrayal: The Dark Journey of Werner Erhard from est to Exile. New York, New York, USA. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-09296-2
  • The est Experience, by James Kettle. Zebra Books, 1976.
  • est: The Movement and the Man, by Pat R. Marks. Playboy Press 1976.
  • The Book of est, by Luke Rhinehart. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976.

Online references

Timeline of Organizations Based on Werner Erhard's Ideas

• 1971 — Erhard Seminars Training Inc, first est Training held in San Francisco, California
• 1973 - The Foundation for the Realization of Man - incorporated as a non-profit foundation in California
(subsequently the name of the foundation was changed to the est Foundation in 1976, and in 1981the Werner Erhard Foundation)
• 1975 – est, an educational corporation
• 1981 - Werner Erhard and Associates
• 1984 — WE&A replaces the est training with "The Forum"[58]

References

  1. ^ Certification of Birth, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health, Vital Records: Date of Birth: 09-05-35 Name: Werner Erhard Sex: Male County of Birth: Philidelphia http://www.dsf.health.state.pa.us/health/cwp/view.asp?a=168&Q=202359
  2. ^ "Distilled Wisdom: Buddy, Can you Paradigm", Fortune Magazine, May 15, 1995
  3. ^ a b c Pressman, Steven, Outrageous Betrayal: The dark journey of Werner Erhard from est to exile. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. ISBN 0-312-09296-2
  4. ^ Pressman, Steven, Outrageous Betrayal: The dark journey of Werner Erhard from est to exile. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. ISBN 0-312-09296-2, page 4.
  5. ^ Bartley, William Warren, Werner Erhard: the transformation of a man: the founding of est. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. 1978. ISBN 0-517-53502-5, p. 51
  6. ^ Pressman, Steven, Outrageous Betrayal: The dark journey of Werner Erhard from est to exile. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. ISBN 0-312-09296-2, page 6.
  7. ^ Bartley, William Warren, Werner Erhard The Transformation of a Man: The Founding of EST, Clarkson Potter, 1988. ISBN 0-517-53502-5 pages 57-58
  8. ^ Bartley, William Warren, Werner Erhard The Transformation of a Man: The Founding of EST, Clarkson Potter, 1988. ISBN 0-517-53502-5 page 85
  9. ^ Bartley, William Warren, Werner Erhard The Transformation of a Man: The Founding of EST, Clarkson Potter, 1988. ISBN 0-517-53502-5 pages 82-106
  10. ^ Bartley, William Warren, Werner Erhard The Transformation of a Man: The Founding of EST, Clarkson Potter, 1988. ISBN 0-517-53502-5 pages 107-114
  11. ^ Bartley, William Warren, Werner Erhard The Transformation of a Man: The Founding of EST, Clarkson Potter, 1988. ISBN 0-517-53502-5 pages 117-138
  12. ^ Bartley, William Warren, Werner Erhard: the Transformation of a Man: the Founding of est. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. 1978. ISBN 0-517-53502-5, p. 121, 146-7.
  13. ^ Bartley, William Warren, Werner Erhard: the transformation of a man: the founding of est. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. 1978. ISBN 0-517-53502-5, p. 118
  14. ^ Bartley, William Warren, Werner Erhard: the transformation of a man: the founding of est. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. 1978. ISBN 0-517-53502-5, p. 121
  15. ^ Bartley, William Warren, Werner Erhard: the Transformation of a Man: the Founding of est. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. 1978 pg 151 and 157
  16. ^ THE SCIENTOLGY ENEMIES LIST, F.A.C.T.Net, Inc., Golden, Colorado
  17. ^ "Erhard in Exile Fearing Scientology", The Cult Observer, Vol.11, No.7, 1994.
  18. ^ Harry Rosenberg on Larry King Harry Rosenberg called in to Larry King Live, when Heber Jentzsch appeared on the show on December 20, 1993.

    Yes, this is Harry Rosenberg. My name is — and I'm Werner Erhard's brother. And I find it hard to believe that Mr. Jentzsch doesn't know about the campaign his own organization has run against Mr. Erhard, given that the L.A. Times in 1991 on a front-page article, their own agent outlined the campaign to destroy Werner's reputation. And so I would just like to know how it would be possible for him not to know... There is no — Mr. Jentzsch, there is no law enforcement in the United States that's after Werner Erhard. You are continuing to do what you've done for years now. There is no law enforcement. How do you — how do you know that there's law enforcement?

  19. ^ Pressman, Steven, Outrageous Betrayal: The dark journey of Werner Erhard from est to exile. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. ISBN 0-312-09296-2, page 70.
  20. ^ Fernando Flores, website, "biografia"
  21. ^ Republica de Chile Senado, website, Senate of Chile, retrieved 9/14/2006
  22. ^ See Industry Weekly June 15 1987 article (vol 233, no 6), "Create Breakthroughs in Performance by Changing the Conversation," by Perry Pascarella; among other sources forthcoming.
  23. ^ As Landmark Education characterizes the Landmark Forum on a promotional web-page
  24. ^ Pressman, Steven, Outrageous Betrayal: The dark journey of Werner Erhard from est to exile. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. ISBN 0-312-09296-2, pages 256-257.
  25. ^ Pressman, Steven, Outrageous Betrayal: The dark journey of Werner Erhard from est to exile. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. ISBN 0-312-09296-2, pages 257-258.
  26. ^ "From Thought to Action: Growing Leaders in a Changing World". John F. Kennedy School of Government, May 11, 2004
  27. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference paymoney was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  28. ^ Navarro,, Espy M. (2002). Self Realization: The Est and Forum Phenomena in American Society. Xlibris Corporation. p. 42. ISBN 1401042201. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  29. ^ Transformation: The Life and Legacy of Werner Erhard, Documentary, 2006, on-line, Directed by Robyn Symon
  30. ^ Campaign Contribution Search, Federal Election Commission, Dorothy S. Rosenberg, "NATHAN ROSENBERG FOR CONGRESS", California., 1986-1987.
  31. ^ Pressman, Steven, Outrageous Betrayal: The dark journey of Werner Erhard from est to exile. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. ISBN 0-312-09296-2, pages 4 and 5.
  32. ^ Bartley, William Warren, Werner Erhard The Transformation of a Man: The Founding of EST, Clarkson Potter, 1988. ISBN 0-517-53502-5, pages 57-58
  33. ^ Pressman, Steven, Outrageous Betrayal: The dark journey of Werner Erhard from est to exile. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. ISBN 0-312-09296-2, pages 256-257.
  34. ^ "More Allegations Against est Founder", San Francisco Chronicle, March 5, 1991, Section: NEWS; Pg. A9
  35. ^ "Est founder's daughter sues Mercury News over articles", San Jose Mercury News, July 16, 1992
  36. ^ Pressman, Steven, Outrageous Betrayal: The dark journey of Werner Erhard from est to exile. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. ISBN 0-312-09296-2, pages 257-258.
  37. ^ Art Schreiber, letter, General Counsel and Chairman of the Board of Directors, Landmark Education, July 31, 1998, to Linda Chase
  38. ^ Time Magazine: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101980316-138763,00.html
  39. ^ http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=91388&page=1
  40. ^ Pressman, Steven, Outrageous Betrayal: The dark journey of Werner Erhard from est to exile. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. ISBN 0-312-09296-2, page 262.
  41. ^ P.J. Huffstutter, Los Angeles Daily News, September 12, 1996.
  42. ^ Jim Provenzano, Bay Area Reporter, Wheels of Fortune, Devotion Over Dollars
  43. ^ Robert W. Welkos, "Scientologists Ran Campaign to Discredit Erhard, Detective Says", Los Angeles Times, December 29, 1991
  44. ^ ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION (DOMESTIC), Art Schreiber, President and Registered Agent, June 22, 1987.
  45. ^ Arthur Schreiber, donation to Nathan Rosenberg's campaign for Congress, February 23, 1988, through corporation "Werner Erhard and Associates", public data retrieved from Federal Election Commission.
  46. ^ "FedEX Package from Art Schreiber", General Counsel and Chairman of the Board of Directors, July 31, 1998, formal letter to Linda Chase
  47. ^ When it comes to Landmark Education Corporation, There's no meeting of the Minds., Westword, Steve Jackson, April 24, 1996.
    That got Sumerlin into some unusual reading of her own: angry correspondence from Landmark officials, including Art Schreiber, Landmark's current president and Erhard's former attorney, and Harry Rosenberg, Erhard's brother, who's on the Landmark board.
  48. ^ Landmark Education, Corporate Website, Landmark Education, Media Q & A
  49. ^ Declaration filed 5 May 2005 at the US District Court of New Jersey, civil action 04-3022 (JCL), pp 3 and 4. retrieved 2006-11-15
  50. ^ Stephanie Ney v. Landmark Education Corporation, 1994, Case Reference
  51. ^ a b The est of friends, Metroactive, July 15, 1998.

    Landmark says that Erhard has nothing to do with The Forum. But the license Landmark obtained from Erhard enabling them to produce The Forum is in fact owned by Erhard, and is scheduled to revert to him in 2009. Erhard's 63 now and is assured 50 percent of Landmark's net pre-tax profit each quarter, not to exceed $15 million in the 18-year lifespan of the license. Furthermore, Erhard's brother, Harry Rosenberg, is currently Landmark's CEO, and sister Joan Rosenberg is listed as a director.

  52. ^ Pressman, Steven, Outrageous Betrayal: The dark journey of Werner Erhard from est to exile. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. ISBN 0-312-09296-2, pages 253-255.

    On January 31, 1991, Werner Erhard signed a twenty-one-page sales contract that officially turned over the assets of Werner Erhard and Associates to the new owners, who called their company Transnational Education Corporation. Shortly after, the name changed again, this time to Landmark Education Corporation. The carefully worded contract provided Erhard with a $3 million payment, with the cash provided by a $300,000 deposit and the eventual sale of two pieces of valuable real estate the company owned in California's Sonoma County and upstate New York. Landmark Education further agreed to pay Erhard a long-term licensing fee for the material used in the Forum and other courses. Werner Erhard stood to earn up to $15 million over the next eighteen years.

  53. ^ Landmark Education, website, archived, controversy, Landmark Education, website
  54. ^ Excellerated Business Schools, [1], "Other Teachers, Masters and Mentors"
  55. ^ V. J. Fedorschak, Shadow on the Path : Clearing the Psychological Blocks to Spiritual Development, Hohm Press, October 1999, ISBN 0-934252-81-5
  56. ^ Laurence Platt, Conversations For Transformation, November 11, 2003, Jackson, Mississippi.
  57. ^ Transformation: The Life and Legacy of Werner Erhard, Documentary, 2006, on-line, Directed by Robyn Symon
  58. ^ www.wernererhard.info
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