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List of double placenames

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Double placenames prominently feature the placenames of two or more constituent geopolitical entities.

Introduction

Such amalgamated placenames are often created when two cities, provinces or other territories are merged, and a decision is taken to preserve the old names in double-barrelled form rather than invent a new name. This is often out of consideration for local sensitivities, since the smaller entity may resent its takeover, and may demand its symbolic perpetuation within an amalgamated name so as to propagate the impression of a merger between equals.

Styles

In their English forms, the conjoined names may have the following patterns:

The punctuation and capitalization practices in written English vary:

  • merging into one word without an intermediate space, e.g. Budapest
  • standing apart, e.g. Papua New Guinea
  • conjunction by hyphenation, e.g. Bosnia-Hercegovina. While English-speakers are relaxed about using a hyphen or not, this punctuation once caused controversy between Czechs and Slovaks
  • CamelCase may sometimes be attempted, but many style guides recommend against this in formal English-language use.

Three-word names for two-part entities are often ambiguous. For example, it may not be clear whether North Rhine-Westphalia is an amalgamation between the north part of the Rhine Province on the one hand and Westphalia on the other (true) or the northern division of some pre-existing place called Rhine-Westphalia (false). While this problem does not arise in German, no entirely satisfactory punctuation of such names has been established in English. In the above case, the hyphen is often omitted because it is misleading. It has been proposed that this state's name be punctuated "North-Rhine/Westphalia" in English, but the solidus or forward slash is also ambiguous.

Neologisms

Some names have been merged and modified as an alternative to using hyphenation or grammatical conjunction:

False double placenames

Binomial placenames are not true double placenames, but elements in a hierarchical naming system. They are a means of distinguishing two entities which share a parent geographic feature. Examples:

They are often used for railway stations and airports:

Trenton-Mercer is an example of a marketing decision in which a small airport tries to associate itself with a larger city. Ryanair has been criticized for promoting names for airports unusually far from the city from which they are named, such as Paris Beauvais Tillé Airport (a triple name) and Frankfurt-Hahn Airport.

Binomial names may be seen in German language texts to denominate parts of towns:

  • Bergen-Belsen (the Belsen section within the municipality of Bergen: this form is now fixed in English when referring to the Nazi concentration camp and the present memorial there)
  • Berlin-Charlottenburg: the district of Charlottenburg, Berlin

The word "and" in its name does not always signify the union of two distinct territories:

In some cases, words in two different languages have been joined by a hyphen to become the community's official name, often because of language politics:

Transitional Names

Sometimes names will be concatenated during a name change. Zimbabwe Rhodesia was the name of the former Rhodesia and future Zimbabwe from June 1 to December 12, 1979.

Sovereign states

Non-sovereign entities

Dependent territories

States of federations

Seven regions of France, several federal subjects of Russia and some autonomous communities of Spain also feature two or more placenames conjoined by a hyphen or with the word "and" (or its translation).

Capital cities

  • Budapest formed by the amalgamation of Buda and Pest on opposite sides of the Danube River in 1873

Former placenames

Includes defunct personal unions and dissolved political unions.

Triple placenames

Traditionally conjoined entities

Separate entities historically treated as one single unit by tradition or convention:

Smaller entities

For a longer, alphabetical list of double placenames that includes other counties, towns and settlements, see Category:Amalgamated placenames.

United Kingdom

England

Northern Ireland

Scotland

Wales

United States

Other countries

See also

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