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Environmental Life Force

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The Environmental Life Force (ELF) was the first radical environmental group to use explosive and incendiary devices in defense of the environment. It was founded by John Hanna who was the only member of the group to be arrested and convicted for the use of explosives on federal property. The ELF conducted armed actions in northern California and Oregon. The ELF disbanded in 1978. Several years later, the ELF acronym resurfaced, representing another eco-guerilla entity with similar philosophies: Earth Liberation Front.