Organization of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan

Politics

Loyalty

Because of the ethnic, religious and tribal diversity of the civilians and soldiers of Mongol Empire, including modern day Persians, Chinese and Europeans, he transferred all loyalty only to himself (Great Khan) and no others.

Yassa

He initiated a Mongol written code of law called Yassa in which violaters would be put to death for minor offenses. Under Genghis Khan's rule, all "individuals and religions were equal under Mongol law". He outlawed torture in his provinces, exempted teachers and doctors from taxes. The Mongols introduced most of Asia to the abacus and the compass, and brought to Europe the explosives that were first created in China, as well as high-powered siege engines that the Chinese developed for European compatriots.

He created a wide postal system and spread the use of a universal alphabet, though he for many years was believed to be illiterate due to the estimated recentness of the language, and his age at its implementation. Recently, however, findings by Chinese and Mongolian academics have shown that Genghis Khan was a highly literate man. A handwritten note was proven to be his, and the contents of the note indicated that he was able to read Taoist sermons [1] (http://www.guardian.co.uk/china/story/0,7369,1289618,00.html).

Meritocracy

He destroyed the existing aristocracy of every region he controlled, creating a rough meritocracy during that time.

Freedom of Religion

Various languages spread, such as Turkish; also, many different kinds of religion flourished because of freedom of religion.

Economy

Trade

Having conquered a vast land, Genghis Khan encouraged trade and exchange; Mongols valued goods and trade that came from other lands and peoples. A unified Mongol Empire made travel across Asia far easier than it had been under a fractured group of minor kings, facilitating greater exposure to the West and travel for both Asians and Western traders (e.g. Marco Polo). Because of the extent of his empire, Genghis Khan deeply affected the cultures of many Asian countries, most notably China and Russia. He destroyed the existing aristocracy of every region he controlled, creating a rough meritocracy during that time.

Trade and travel between China, the Middle East and Europe flourished through the political stability that Mongol Empire provided, re-establishing the Silk Road.