September 5

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September 5 is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 117 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

• 1590 - Alexander Farnese's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris.
• 1661 - Fall of Nicolas Fouquet: Louis XIV Superintendent of Finances is arrested in Nantes by D'Artagnan, captain of the king's musketeers.
• 1666 - Great Fire of London ends: 10,000 buildings including St. Paul's Cathedral are destroyed, but only 16 people are known to have died.
• 1698 - In an effort to move his people away from archaic customs, Tsar Peter I of Russia imposes a tax on beards.
• 1725 - Wedding of Louis XV and Maria Leszczyńska.
• 1774 - First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• 1781 - Battle of the Chesapeake in the American Revolutionary War.
• 1793 - French Revolution the French National Convention initiates the Reign of Terror.
• 1798 - Conscription is made mandatory in France by the Jourdan law.
• 1800 - Malta is conquered by Great Britain.
• 1816 - Louis XVIII has to dissolve the Chambre introuvable ("Unobtainable Chamber").
• 1836 - Sam Houston is elected as the second president of the Republic of Texas.
• 1839 - The First Opium War begins in China.
• 1840 - Premiere of Giuseppe Verdi's Un giorno di regno at La Scala of Milan.
• 1862 - American Civil War: In the Confederacy's first invasion of the North, General Robert E. Lee leads 55,000 men of the Army of Northern Virginia across the Potomac River at White's Ford near Leesburg, Virginia, into Maryland.
• 1864 - Achille François Bazaine becomes Marshall of France.
• 1877 - Indian Wars: Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska.
• 1882 - The first United States Labor Day parade is held in New York City.
• 1905 - Russo-Japanese War: In New Hampshire, USA, the Treaty of Portsmouth, mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt, ends the war.
• 1914 - World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins. Northeast of Paris, the French attack and defeat German forces who are advancing on the capital.
• 1915 - The pacifist Zimmerwald Conference begins.
• 1918 - Decree "On Red Terror" is published in Russia
• 1932 - The colonie of Upper Volta is broken apart between Ivory Coast, Mali, and Niger.
• 1937 - Spanish Civil War: Llanes falls.
• 1938 - Chile: A group of youths affiliated with the fascist National Socialist Movement of Chile are assassinated in the Seguro Obrero massacre.
• 1939 - World War II: The United States declares its neutrality in the war.
• 1942 - World War II: Japanese high command orders withdrawal at Milne Bay, first Japanese defeat in the Pacific War.
• 1943 - World War II: The 503d Parachute Infantry Regiment lands and occupies Nazdab, near Lae in the Salamaua-Lae campaign.
• 1944 - Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg constitute Benelux.
• 1945 - Iva Toguri D'Aquino, a Japanese-American suspected of being wartime radio propagandist Tokyo Rose, is arrested in Yokohama.
• 1948 - Robert Schuman becomes President of the Council while being Foreign minister, As such, he is the negociator of the major treaties of the end of World War II.
• 1957 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista bombs the revolt in Cienfuegos.
• 1957 - Jack Kerouac's novel On the Road is published, a defining work of the postwar Beat Generation.
• 1960 - The poet Léopold Sédar Senghor is elected as the first President of Senegal.
• 1961 - The first conference of the Non Aligned Countries is held in Belgrade.
• 1969 - My Lai Massacre: U.S. Army Lt. William Calley is charged with six specifications of premeditated murder for the death of 109 Vietnamese civilians in My Lai.
• 1970 - Vietnam War: Operation Jefferson Glenn begins: the United States 101st Airborne Division and the South Vietnamese 1st Infantry Division initiate a new operation in Thua Thien province.
• 1972 - Munich Massacre: A Palestinian terrorist group called "Black September" attack Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games.
• 1975 - Sacramento, California: a follower of incarcerated cult leader Charles Manson, Lynette Fromme attempts to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford.
• 1977 - Hanns Martin Schleyer, is kidnapped in Cologne, West Germany by the Red Army Faction and is later murdered.
• 1977 - Voyager program: Voyager 1 is launched after a brief delay.
• 1978 - Camp David Accords: Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat begin peace process at Camp David, Maryland.
• 1980 - The St. Gotthard Tunnel opens in Switzerland as the world's longest highway tunnel at 10.14 miles (16.224 km) stretching from Goschenen to Airolo.
• 1984 - STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle Discovery lands after its maiden voyage.
• 1984 - Western Australia becomes the last Australian state to abolish capital punishment.
• 1986 - Pan Am Flight 73 with 358 people on board is hijacked at Karachi International Airport.
• 1997 - Mother Teresa Died.
• 2005 - Mandala Airlines Flight 091 crashes into a heavily-populated residential of Sumatra, Indonesia, killing 104 people on board and at least 39 persons on ground.

Births

• 1187 - Louis VIII of France (d. 1226)
• 1568 - Tommaso Campanella, Italian theologian, philosopher, and poet (d. 1639)
• 1621 - Juan Andrés Coloma, Spanish noble (d. 1694)
• 1638 - Louis XIV of France (d. 1715)
• 1667 - Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (d. 1733)
• 1695 - Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (d. 1770)
• 1722 - Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony (d. 1763)
• 1725 - Jean-Étienne Montucla, French mathematician (d. 1799)
• 1735 - Johann Christian Bach, German composer (d. 1782)
• 1750 - Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet (d. 1774)
• 1771 - Archduke Charles of Austria, Austrian general (d. 1847)
• 1774 - Caspar David Friedrich, German artist (d. 1840)
• 1775 - Juan Martín Díez, el Empecinado (the undaunted), Spanish guerrillero (d. 1825)
• 1787 - François Sulpice Beudant, French mineralogist and geologist (d. 1850)
• 1791 - Giacomo Meyerbeer, German composer (d. 1864)
• 1792 - Pierre-Armand Dufrénoy, French geologist and mineralogist (d. 1857).
• 1806 - Christophe Léon Louis Juchault de Lamoricière, French general (d. 1865)
• 1807 - Richard Chenevix Trench, Irish Anglican clergyman and philologist (d. 1886)
• 1809 - Manuel Montt Torres, President of Chile (d. 1880)
• 1827 - Goffredo Mameli, Italian poet and writer (d. 1849)
• 1836 - Justiniano Borgoño, President of Peru (d. 1921)
• 1847 - Jesse James, American outlaw (d. 1882)
• 1857 - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian rocket scientist and inventor (d. 1935)
• 1867 - Amy Beach, American composer and pianist (d. 1944)
• 1874 - Nap Lajoie, American baseball player (d. 1959)
• 1876 - Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, German field marshal (d. 1956)
• 1876 - Abdelaziz Thâalbi, Tunisian politician. (d. 1944)
• 1881 - Otto Bauer, Austrian Social Democratic politician (d. 1938)
• 1888 - Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, second President of India (d. 1975)
• 1892 - Joseph Szigeti, Hungarian violinist (d. 1973)
• 1902 - Darryl F. Zanuck, American film producer and executive (d. 1979)
• 1905 - Arthur Koestler, Hungarian writer (d. 1983)
• 1905 - Maurice Challe French general (d. 1979), one of the leaders of the Algiers putsch in 1961.
• 1908 - Gloria Holden, British actress (d. 1991)
• 1912 - John Cage, American composer (d. 1992)
• 1912 - Kristina Söderbaum, German actress and photographer (d. 2001)
• 1912 - Frank Thomas, American animator (d. 2004)
• 1914 - Nicanor Parra, Chilian poet and mathematician
• 1916 - Frank Yerby, American novelist (d. 1991)
• 1916 - Frank Shuster, Canadian comedian (Wayne and Shuster) (d. 2002)
• 1918 - Luis Alcoriza, Mexican screenwriter, film director, and actor (d. 1992)
• 1921 - Jack Valenti, American political advisor and film executive (d. 2007)
• 1924 - Paul Dietzel, American college football coach
• 1927 - Paul Volcker, American banker
• 1929 - Bob Newhart, American actor and comedian
• 1929 - Andrian Nikolayev, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2004)
• 1933 - Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa, Chilian catholic archbishop
• 1934 - Carol Lawrence, American actress and singer
• 1935 - Johnny Briggs MBE, English actor
• 1936 - Bill Mazeroski, American baseball player
• 1937 - Antonio Valentin Angelillo, Argentinian footballer
• 1937 - Robert Lucas, American economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics recipient
• 1939 - William Devane, American actor
• 1939 - George Lazenby, Australian actor
• 1939 - Clay Regazzoni, Swiss racing driver (d. 2006)
• 1940 - Raquel Welch, American actress
• 1942 - Werner Herzog, German film director
• 1942 - Eduardo Mata, Mexican conductor and composer (d. 1995)
• 1942 - Denise Fabre French television presenter.
• 1944 - Dario Bellezza, Italian poet, author and playwright (d. 1996)
• 1945 - Al Stewart, Scottish singer and songwriter
• 1946 - Freddie Mercury, Zanzibar-born singer and songwriter (Queen) (d. 1991)
• 1946 - Loudon Wainwright III, American singer and composer
• 1947 - Buddy Miles, American musician
• 1948 - Benita Ferrero-Waldner, Austrian diplomat and politician
• 1950 - Cathy Guisewite, American cartoonist
• 1950 - Paul William Roberts, Canadian writer
• 1951 - Paul Breitner, German footballer
• 1951 - Patti McGuire, American model and television producer
• 1956 - Roine Stolt, Swedish guitarist (The Flower Kings)
• 1957 - Peter Winnen, Dutch bicycle road athlete
• 1961 - Marc-André Hamelin, Canadian pianist
• 1962 - Peter Wingfield, Welsh actor
• 1963 - Juan Alderete, American bassist (Racer X)
• 1963 - Jeff Brantley, American baseball player
• 1963 - Jonathan Phillips, English actor
• 1963 - Taki Inoue, Japanese racing driver
• 1963 - Kristian Alfonso, American actress
• 1964 - Frank Farina, Australian footballer
• 1965 - Chris Morris, English satirist
• 1965 - David Brabham, Australian racing driver
• 1965 - César Rincón, colombian matador
• 1966 - Achero Mañas, Spanish actor and film director
• 1966 - Milinko Pantić, retired Serbian footballer
• 1967 - Jane Sixsmith, English field hockey player
• 1967 - Jane Aycock, American corporate volunteerism expert
• 1968 - Brad Wilk, American musician (Audioslave, Rage Against the Machine)
• 1969 - Dweezil Zappa, American musician
• 1969 - Leonardo Nascimento de Araujo, Brazilian footballer
• 1969 - Mark Ramprakash, English cricketer
• 1970 - Steve Burton, American actor
• 1970 - Liam Lynch, American musician (Sifl and Olly)
• 1970 - Kim Hye-su, South Korean actress and model
• 1973 - Rose McGowan, Italian-born actress
• 1973 - Alexandra Kerry, daughter of American Senator John Kerry
• 1975 - Rod Barajas, American baseball player
• 1975 - George Boateng, Dutch footballer
• 1975 - Matt Geyer, Australian rugby league footballer
• 1975 - Jamie Spaniolo, American horrorcore rapper
• 1976 - Tatyana Gutsu, Ukrainian gymnast
• 1976 - Carice van Houten, Dutch actress
• 1977 - Minoru Fujita, Japanese professional wrestler
• 1977 - Rosevelt Colvin, American football player
• 1977 - Nazr Mohammed, American Basketball player
• 1977 - Joseba Etxeberria, Spanish football winger
• 1977 - Alexey Harkov, Russian bassist (Kipelov, Sergey Mavrin)
• 1978 - Chris Jack, New Zealand rugby union footballer
• 1978 - Laura Bertram, Canadian actress
• 1978 - Zhang Zhong, Chinese chess player
• 1979 - George O'Callaghan, Irish footballer
• 1979 - John Carew, Norwegian footballer
• 1980 - Franco Costanzo, Argentinian football goalkeeper
• 1981 - Filippo Volandri, Italian tennis player
• 1981 - Drew Carter, American football player
• 1982 - Alexandre Geijo, Spanish/Swiss footballer
• 1982 - Sondre Lerche, Norwegian musician
• 1983 - Eugen Bopp, Ukrainian-German footballer
• 1987 - Pierre Casiraghi, son of princess Caroline of Monaco
• 1988 - Adrian McAsey, Australian soldier and patriot
• 1991 - Skandar Keynes, English actor
• 1993 - Gage Golightly, American actress

Deaths

• 1165 - Emperor Nijo of Japan (b. 1143)
• 1201 - Constance, Duchess of Brittany (b. 1161)
• 1235 - Henry I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1165)
• 1607 - Pomponne de Bellièvre, chancellor of France (b. 1529)
• 1629 - Domenico Allegri, Italian composer (b. c. 1585)
• 1734 - Nicolas Bernier, French musician and composer (b. 1664)
• 1786 - Jonas Hanway, English merchant, traveler, and philanthropist (b. 1712)
• 1803 - Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, French general and author (b. 1741)
• 1803 - François Devienne, French composer (b. 1759)
• 1808 - John Home, Scottish writer (b. 1722)
• 1836 - Ferdinand Raimund, Austrian playwright (b. 1790)
• 1838 - Charles Percier, French architect (b. 1764)
• 1857 - Auguste Comte, French sociologist (b. 1798)
• 1867 - Santiago Derqui, Argentinian politician (b. 1809)
• 1876 - Manuel Blanco Encalada, first president of Chile (b. 1790)
• 1877 - Crazy Horse, Lakota (Sioux) chief (b. 1849)
• 1898 - Sarah Edmonds, Canadian nurse, soldier, and spy (b. 1841)
• 1901 - Ignacij Klemenčič, Slovenian physicist (b. 1853)
• 1902 - Rudolf Virchow, German pathologist and politician (b. 1821)
• 1906 - Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist (b. 1844)
• 1912 - Arthur MacArthur, Jr., U.S. Army general (b. 1845)
• 1914 - Charles Péguy, French poet, essayist and editor (b. 1873)
• 1917 - Marian Smoluchowski, Polish physicist (b. 1872)
• 1920 - Robert Harron, American actor (b. 1893)
• 1922 - Georgette Agutte, French painter (b. 1867)
• 1926 - Karl Harrer, German journalist and politician, one of the founding members of the "Deutsche Arbeiterpartei", which would become the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP) (b. 1890)
• 1930 - Robert Means Thompson, American naval officer (b. 1849)
• 1931 - John Thomson, football player who died in an accidental collision during a match (b. 1909)
• 1932 - Francisco Acebal, Spanish novelist, playwright and journalist (b. 1866)
• 1936 - Federico Borrell García, Spanish anarchist soldier during the Spanish Civil War (b. 1912)
• 1936 - Gustave Kahn, French Symbolist poet and art critic (b. [[1859 ])
• 1942 - François de Labouchère, French aviator of World War II, compagnon de la Libération. (b. 1917)
• 1943 - Aleš Hrdlička, Czech anthropologist (b. 1869)
• 1945 - Clem Hill, Australian cricketer (b. 1877)
• 1948 - Richard C. Tolman, American mathematical physicist (b. 1881)
• 1953 - Richard Oscar Walther Darré, Nazi politician, one of the leading ‘blood and soil’ ideologists (b. 1895)
• 1954 - Eugen Schiffer, German politician (b. 1954)
• 1965 - Thomas Johnston, Scottish-born politician (b. 1882)
• 1966 - Dezső Lauber, Hungarian athlete (b. 1879)
• 1970 - Jochen Rindt, Austrian Formula One driver, the first ever posthumous world champion (b. 1942)
• 1973 - Jack Fournier, American baseball player (b. 1889)
• 1975 - Georg Ots, Estonian singer (b. 1920)
• 1977 - Marcel Thiry, Belgian writer and wallon militant (b. 1897)
• 1979 - Alberto di Jorio, former head of the Vatican Bank and secretary of the 1958 conclave (b. 1884)
• 1982 - Douglas Bader, RAF fighter pilot in World War II (b. 1910)
• 1983 - Antonio Mairena, flamenco singer (b. 1909)
• 1988 - Gert Fröbe, German actor (b. 1913)
• 1990 - Ivan Mihailov, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1896)
• 1992 - Fritz Leiber, American author (b. 1910)
• 1995 - William Kunstler, American lawyer and activist (b. 1919)
• 1997 - Georg Solti, Hungarian conductor (b. 1912)
• 1997 - Mother Teresa, Albanian-born missionary and humanitarian, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1910)
• 1998 - Leo Penn, American film director (b. 1921)
• 1998 - Verner Panton, Danish designer (b. 1926)
• 1999 - Allen Funt, American radio and television personality (b. 1914)
• 1999 - Bryce Mackasey, Canadian politician (b. 1921)
• 2001 - Vladimir Žerjavić, Croatian UN statistician (b. 1912)
• 2002 - David Todd Wilkinson, American astronomer, author of the first study of the Cosmic microwave background radiation (b. 1935)
• 2003 - Gisele MacKenzie, Canadian-born singer (b. 1927)
• 2005 - Roberto Viaux, Chilean Army General and the primary planner in two failed coup d'état attempt in Chile (b. 1917)

Holidays and observances

• Roman festivals - Jupiter Stator to commemorate that Jupiter helped Romulus to stop the Sabine invasion under Titus Tatius.
• RC Saints - The feast day of Teresa of Calcutta, currently pending sainthood.
• India - The birthdate of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan is celebrated as Teacher's Day in India.
• United States - The birthdate of Jane Aycock is celebrated as Jane's Day in the United States.

Religious observances

• Zechariah and Elisabeth, parents of John the Baptist
• Bertin, abbot of Saint-Omer.
• Abdas of Susa

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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