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2007 Atlantic hurricane season

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Template:Ongoing weather Template:Infobox hurricane season active The 2007 Atlantic hurricane season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. It officially started June 1, 2007, and will last until November 30, 2007, dates that conventionally delimit the period when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin during the year. However, the formation of Subtropical Storm Andrea on May 9, 2007 marked an earlier beginning to the season. This was the second occasion in five years that a storm formed before the official season start date; the other occurrence was Tropical Storm Ana in April 2003. When Hurricane Felix reached category 5 status, 2007 became one of four recorded Atlantic seasons that have had more than one category 5 storm; the others being 1960, 1961 and 2005, and the only time two Atlantic hurricanes have ever made landfall at Category 5 strength in the same season. Hurricane Humberto became the first hurricane to make landfall in the U.S. since Hurricane Wilma in 2005. Hurricane Humberto also became the fastest developing storm on record to be so close to land. It strengthened from a 35 mile per hour depression to a 85 mile per hour hurricane in 14 hours while 15 miles off the coast of Texas.

Seasonal forecasts

Forecasts of hurricane activity are issued before each hurricane season by noted hurricane experts Philip J. Klotzbach, Dr. William M. Gray, and their associates at Colorado State University; and separately by NOAA forecasters.

Klotzbach's team (formerly led by Dr. Gray) defined the average number of storms per season (1950 to 2000) as 9.6 tropical storms, 5.9 hurricanes, and 2.3 major hurricanes (storms exceeding Category 3 strength in the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale). A normal season, as defined by NOAA, has 9 to 12 named storms, with 5 to 7 of those reaching hurricane strength, and 1 to 3 major hurricanes.[1][2]

Predictions of tropical activity in the 2007 season
Source Date Named
storms 		Hurricanes Major
hurricanes
CSU Average (1950–2000)[1] 9.6 5.9 2.3
NOAA Average (1950–2005)[2] 11.0 6.2 2.7
Record high activity 28 15 8
Record low activity 4 2 0
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
CSU December 8, 2006 14 7 3
CSU April 3, 2007 17 9 5
NOAA May 22, 2007 13–17 7–10 3–5
CSU May 31, 2007 17 9 5
UKMO June 19, 2007 9–15 N/A N/A
CSU August 3, 2007 15 8 4
NOAA August 9, 2007 13–16 7–9 3–5
CSU September 4, 2007 15 7 4
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Actual activity 9 3 2

Pre-season forecasts

On December 8, 2006, Klotzbach's team issued its first extended-range forecast for the 2007 season, predicting above-average activity (14 named storms, 7 hurricanes, 3 of Category 3 or higher).[1]

The team predicted a high potential for at least one major hurricane to directly impact the United States: the forecast indicated a 64% chance of at least one major hurricane striking the U.S. mainland, which included a 40% chance of at least one major hurricane strike on the East Coast of the United States including the Florida peninsula, and a 40% chance of at least one major hurricane strike on the Gulf Coast of the United States from the Florida Panhandle westward. The potential for major hurricane activity in the Caribbean was forecast to be above average, and the team predicted El Niño to dissipate by the active portion of the season.[1]

On April 3 a new forecast was issued, calling for a very active hurricane season of 17 named storms, 9 hurricanes and 5 intense hurricanes.[3]

The increase in the forecast was attributed to the rapid dissipation of El Niño conditions. The team also forecast a neutral or weak-to-moderate La Niña for the hurricane season, and noted that sea surface temperatures were much higher than long-term averages.[4] The potential for at least one major hurricane impacting the U.S. was increased to 74%, with the U.S. East Coast potential increased to 50% and from the Florida Panhandle westward to Brownsville, Texas increased to 49%.[4] However, Klotzbach noted that while they were calling for an active season, it was not forecast to be "as active as the 2004 and 2005 seasons".[3]

On May 22, 2007, NOAA released their pre-season forecast for the 2007 season. They predicted 13 to 17 named storms, with 7 to 10 becoming hurricanes, and 3 to 5 becoming major hurricanes.[5]

One day before the official start of the season, the CSU team issued their final set of pre-season forecasts, making no change to the numbers from their April forecast.[6]

On June 19, 2007, The United Kingdom Met Office released[7] predictions for the remainder of the season based on a new prediction model. The Met Office predicted 10 named storms, not including Andrea and Barry, with a 70% chance of 7–13 named storms. The forecast did not include specific predictions for the number of hurricanes or major hurricanes.[7]

Midseason outlooks

On August 3, 2007, Klotzbach's team lowered their season estimate to 15 named storms, with 8 becoming hurricanes and 4 becoming major hurricanes. They noted that conditions had become slightly less favorable for storms than they were earlier in the year. Sea surface temperature anomalies were cooler, and there were several incidences of Saharan Air Layer outbreaks. ENSO conditions were also noted to have been slightly cooler.[8]

On August 9, 2007, the NOAA revised their season estimate slightly downwards to 13–16 named storms, with 7–9 becoming hurricanes and 3–5 becoming major hurricanes. However, they reaffirmed their call for an above-average season. They attributed the increase in confidence of an above-average season to warmer-than-normal sea surface temperatures in parts of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, as well as an updated forecast that La Niña conditions were likely during the peak of the season.[9]

On September 4, 2007, Klotzbach's team lowered their season estimate to 15 named storms, with 7 becoming hurricanes and 4 becoming major hurricanes.[10]

Storms

Subtropical Storm Andrea

 
DurationUnknown – Unknown
Peak intensityWinds not specified;
Main article: Subtropical Storm Andrea (2007)

On May 9, a previously extratropical cyclone organized into Subtropical Storm Andrea while located about 140 miles (225 km) southeast of Savannah, Georgia. Tropical storm watches were immediately issued for parts of coastal Georgia and Florida, though were later dropped. It is the first named storm to form in May since Arlene in the 1981 Atlantic hurricane season,[11] and the first pre-season storm since Ana in April 2003.[12] Later, the organization of the system deteriorated with a significant decrease in convection as it moved over cooler waters,[13] and on May 10 it weakened to a subtropical depression and NHC issued its final advisory on Andrea at 11 PM EST, May 10. However, on the morning of May 11 convection flared up over the center, indicating that the cyclone might be acquiring tropical characteristics once again.[14] However, it did not.

The storm produced rough surf along the coastline from Florida to North Carolina, causing beach erosion and some damage.[15] One surfer drowned in Florida from the rough surf.[16] A total of 5 perished during Andrea's initial extratropical phase.[17] High winds from Andrea have been reported as fueling severe wildfires in northern Florida and southern Georgia.[18] Andrea was blamed for providing stiff winds that acted like a "chimney", fueling the blaze to firestorm levels beyond the control of firefighting officials. [18] Strong winds from the storm spread smoke from local brush fires through the Tampa Bay area to Miami.[19][20]

Tropical Storm Barry

 
DurationUnknown – Unknown
Peak intensityWinds not specified;
Main article: Tropical Storm Barry (2007)

On May 30, a broad low pressure area formed in the Gulf of Honduras. Moving northward, the system slowly deepened as it moved through the northwest Caribbean sea into the southeast Gulf of Mexico. On June 1, the first day of the officially defined hurricane season, this cyclone organized into Tropical Storm Barry despite being located in an area of high shear, and warnings were immediately issued along the Western Florida coastline. Barry provided much-needed precipitation to parts of Florida and Georgia which were experiencing drought conditions in the January to May months.[21] Barry made landfall near Tampa Bay, Florida on June 2 as a minimal tropical storm. Soon thereafter Barry was downgraded to a tropical depression as it began its extratropical transition. Barry became an extratropical cyclone late in the afternoon of June 2. On June 3, the cyclone moved up the coast of the Carolinas bringing rains into the Mid-Atlantic states and New England. By June 5 its center had moved northward into Atlantic Canada.

Tropical Storm Chantal

 
DurationUnknown – Unknown
Peak intensityWinds not specified;
Main article: Tropical Storm Chantal (2007)

An area of low pressure developed near the Bahamas on July 28, and slowly organized while moving to the north-northeast. Late on July 30, it was upgraded to a tropical depression, the third of the season, after maintaining deep convection near the center for most of the day.

On July 31, the system strengthened into a tropical storm south of Nova Scotia, the first in nearly two months. It became extratropical late that day though as it tracked towards Newfoundland over the cooler waters of the north Atlantic.

On August 1, flooding was reported from Placentia to the capital city of St. John's, where about 100 mm (4 inches) of rain caused the postponement of the annual Royal St. John's Regatta. Up to 150 mm (6 inches) of rain fell in the Whitbourne area, according to Environment Canada. [22] The most serious flooding was across the southern Avalon Peninsula, where dozens of roads were washed out, houses were flooded above their basements and several communities were isolated.[23] Ferry service between Argentia and North Sydney, Nova Scotia, was suspended, and one ferry was diverted to Port aux Basques.[24]

States of emergency were declared in at least five communities in the areas surrounding Placentia Bay and Conception Bay, and the Newfoundland and Labrador Municipal Affairs Minister Jack Byrne has requested a federal disaster area declaration. Damage is estimated to be well into the millions of dollars, with at least $4 million in damage in the town of Placentia alone.[25]

Hurricane Dean

 
DurationUnknown – Unknown
Peak intensityWinds not specified;
Main article: Hurricane Dean (2007)

A vigorous tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa in the second week of August. It quickly organized itself and formed into a low on August 12. Tropical Depression Four formed on August 13 in the eastern Atlantic from a tropical wave to the south of Cape Verde. The depression was already exhibiting persistent deep convection, albeit confined to the western portion of its circulation due to easterly wind shear.[26] The depression was expected to strengthen significantly over the following days[26] due to abating wind shear and warming sea surface temperatures which created conditions favorable for tropical intensification.[27] The depression moved briskly westward, south of a deep layered ridge,[28] quickly escaping the easterly shear.[29]

Based on satellite images and microwave and QuikSCAT data, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Dean on August 14.[30] The storm continued to strengthen overnight as it gained organization,[31] and on August 16 it was upgraded to the first hurricane of the 2007 season.[32]

On August 17 the eye of the hurricane passed into the Caribbean between the islands of Martinique and Saint Lucia as a Category 2 hurricane.[33] In the warm waters of the Caribbean Dean rapidly strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane.Dean then passed just south of Jamaica as a category 4 hurricane. [34]

The National Hurricane Center upgraded Dean to Category 5 status late on August 20[35] and at that strength it made landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico near Costa Maya on August 21.[36] Dean weakened to a category one storm over land.

At least 42 people have been killed by Hurricane Dean (see Impact of Hurricane Dean). None of these deaths, however, have been attributed to its first landfall, as a Category 5 hurricane, likely due to the fact that the landfall brought the heaviest storm surges onto sparsely-populated lands north of Chetumal Bay, including the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve.

Tropical Storm Erin

 
DurationUnknown – Unknown
Peak intensityWinds not specified;
Main article: Tropical Storm Erin (2007)

On August 9, an area of convection developed just south of Jamaica in association with a trough of low pressure.[37] The system tracked west-northwestward, and by August 10 consisted of a broad surface trough with minimal shower activity.[38] Convection increased on August 11,[39] and by August 12 the interaction between a tropical wave and an upper-level low in the area resulted in a large area of disorganized thunderstorms extending from the western Caribbean Sea into the central Bahamas.[40] Upper-level winds gradually became more beneficial for development, and on August 13 a broad low pressure area formed about 90 miles (145 km) north-northeast of Cancún, Quintana Roo.[41] Late on August 14, a reconnaissance flight into the system reported a small circulation center, but at the time was not well-defined enough to result in the initiation of tropical cyclone advisories. However, deep convection was maintained near the increasingly organizing center, and at 0300 UTC on August 15 the National Hurricane Center classified it as Tropical Depression Five about 425 miles (685 km) southeast of Brownsville, Texas.[42]

Based on reconnaissance data received from an NOAA plane investigating the depression, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Erin on August 15.[43] It weakened to a tropical depression as it made landfall near Lamar, Texas, on August 16[44] and the NHC issued its last advisory on the system shortly thereafter as it moved inland, and the HPC dropped the system as a tropical depression when it lost its surface wind circulation on the afternoon of August 19.[45]

Two people were killed when a warehouse collapsed in Texas.[46] In total, 18 people died as a result of Erin.

Hurricane Felix

 
DurationUnknown – Unknown
Peak intensityWinds not specified;
Main article: Hurricane Felix (2007)

On August 31, an area of weather east of the Windward Islands became organized enough, and was named Tropical Depression Six.[47] Early on September 1, it was upgraded to a tropical storm and named Felix. Later that day, Felix was upgraded to a hurricane. On September 2, Felix was upgraded to a major hurricane. It rapidly intensified into a Category 5 storm by the end of the evening, and after briefly weakening to Category 4 status Felix again restrengthened and struck northeastern Nicaragua with winds of 160 mph (260 km/h) on September 4. (See Impact of Hurricane Felix). It rapidly weakened over land and the last advisory was issued on September 5.

Tropical Storm Gabrielle

 
DurationUnknown – Unknown
Peak intensityWinds not specified;
Main article: Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2007)

A previously extratropical storm system off the Carolina coast of the United States was designated Subtropical Storm Gabrielle late on September 7, and it was reclassified as a tropical storm on September 8. After passing over the Outer Banks of North Carolina, it weakened to a depression on September 10, and the final advisory was issued the next day as it no longer had a well-defined surface circulation.

Gabrielle brought 4-6 inches of rain in the immediate area of landfall, but reports indicated minimal damage and no casualties were mentioned.[48]

Tropical Storm Ingrid

 
DurationUnknown – Unknown
Peak intensityWinds not specified;

Tropical Depression Eight formed from a tropical wave 1130 mi (1815 km) east of the Lesser Antilles on September 12, just before the system that eventually became Humberto formed. It was slow to develop and became Tropical Storm Ingrid early on September 14. Shearing winds from a tropical upper tropospheric trough soon weakened the cyclone, it returned to depression strength on September 15, and the final advisory was issued on September 17 as the system degenerated into an open wave north of the Leeward Islands. Ingrid was the first storm of the 2007 season not to threaten land, and there were no reports of damage or casualties.

Hurricane Humberto

 
DurationUnknown – Unknown
Peak intensityWinds not specified;
Main article: Hurricane Humberto (2007)

On September 8, weak surface trough and an upper-level low produced disorganized showers and thunderstorms between western Cuba and the eastern Gulf of Mexico.[49] The area of thunderstorms continued to move west-northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico and on September 12 thunderstorms organized enough to be classified as Tropical Depression Nine about 60 miles (100 km) southeast of Matagorda, Texas.([50] [51] The depression quickly intensified, and within three hours of forming, it became Tropical Storm Humberto.[52] Humberto turned to the north and eventually north-northeast and continued to quickly intensify. In the early morning hours of September 13, Hurricane Hunter aircraft found that Humberto had strengthened into a hurricane while located about 15 miles (20 km) off the coast of Texas. [53] Around 0700 UTC (3 a.m. CDT), Hurricane Humberto made landfall near High Island, Texas as a category 1 hurricane.[54] Humberto quickly weakened and entered Southwest Louisiana as a tropical storm during the afternoon of September 13. [55]

Hurricane Humberto caused some structural damage on High Island and widespread tree and power line damage in the Beaumont-Port Arthur area.[56] Power outages caused four oil refineries to halt production in Beaumont. One person is reported dead so far, a Bridge City man killed when his carport crashed on him outside his house.[56]

The storm remants merged with a cold front while in Alabama. It dropped heavy rains on parts of Georgia and the Carolinas - areas in extreme droughts.


Accumulated Cyclone Energy

ACE (104kt²) (Source) — Storm:
1 33.8 Dean 5 0.815 Ingrid
2 16.5 Felix 6 0.773 Barry
3 1.37 Humberto 7 0.608 Chantal
4 0.970 Gabrielle 8 0.368 Erin
Total: 55.2

The table on the right shows the Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) for each storm in the season. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. ACE is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 knots (39 mph, 63 km/h) or tropical storm strength. While Subtropical Storm Andrea was a named storm of the 2007 season, NOAA does not officially include subtropical storms' ACE ratings in season totals.[57] Andrea's ACE would have been 0.603 104kt² had it been tropical. Gabrielle's subtropical portion is not included in its total.

Timeline of recent events

Main article: Timeline of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season

September

September 12
  • 11 a.m. EDT (1500 UTC): Tropical Depression Eight forms east of the Lesser Antilles.
  • 10 a.m. CDT (1500 UTC): Tropical Depression Nine forms in the Gulf of Mexico, southeast of Houston, Texas.
  • 1 p.m. CDT (1800 UTC): Tropical Depression Nine is upgraded to Tropical Storm Humberto.
September 13
  • 12:15 a.m. CDT (0515 UTC): Tropical Storm Humberto is upgraded to Hurricane Humberto.
  • 2:10 a.m. CDT (0710 UTC): Hurricane Humberto makes landfall just east of High Island, Texas with 85 mph (135 km/h) winds.[58]
  • 10 a.m. CDT (1500 UTC): Hurricane Humberto is downgraded to a tropical storm.
  • 4 p.m. CDT (2100 UTC): Tropical Storm Humberto is downgraded to a tropical depression and the NHC issues its final advisory.
  • 11 p.m. AST (0300 UTC September 14): Tropical Depression Eight is upgraded to Tropical Storm Ingrid.
September 14
  • 4 p.m. CDT (2100 UTC): Last HPC advisory issued on Tropical Depression Humberto as it becomes a remnant low.
September 15
  • 11 a.m. AST (1500 UTC): Tropical Storm Ingrid is downgraded to a tropical depression.
September 17
  • 5 a.m. AST (0900 UTC): Last advisory issued on dissipating Tropical Depression Ingrid.

Storm names

The following names will be used for named storms that form in the Atlantic basin in 2007.[59] Names to be retired, if any, will be announced by the World Meteorological Organization in the spring of 2008. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2013 season. Storms were named Andrea and Ingrid for the first time in 2007. The list is the same as the 2001 list except for Andrea, Ingrid, and Melissa, which replaced Allison, Iris, and Michelle, respectively. Names that have not been assigned are marked in gray.

  • Humberto
  • Ingrid
  • Jerry (unused)
  • Karen (unused)
  • Lorenzo (unused)
  • Melissa (unused)
  • Noel (unused)
  • Olga (unused)
  • Pablo (unused)
  • Rebekah (unused)
  • Sebastien (unused)
  • Tanya (unused)
  • Van (unused)
  • Wendy (unused)

See also

Template:Tcportal

References

  1. ^ a b c d Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray (2006-12-08). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2007". Colorado State University. Retrieved 2006-12-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ a b Climate Prediction Center (2006-08-08). "BACKGROUND INFORMATION: THE NORTH ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2006-12-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ a b "Colorado State forecast team calls for very active 2007 hurricane season". Colorado State University. 2007-04-03. Retrieved 2007-04-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ a b Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray (2007-04-03). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2007". Colorado State University. Retrieved 2007-04-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ NOAA (2007-05-22). "NOAA Predicts Above Normal 2007 Atlantic Hurricane Season". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-05-22. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray (2007-05-31). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2007". Colorado State University. Retrieved 2007-05-31. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ a b UK Met Office (2007-06-19). "Met Office: Tropical cyclone forecast verification". UK Met Office. Retrieved 2007-06-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray (2007-08-03). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2007" (PDF). Colorado State University. Retrieved 2007-08-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  9. ^ NOAA (2007-08-09). "NOAA updates Atlantic hurricane season outlook". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  10. ^ Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray (2007-09-04). "FORECAST OF ATLANTIC HURRICANE ACTIVITY FOR SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER 2007 AND SEASONAL UPDATE THROUGH AUGUST" (PDF). Colorado State University. Retrieved 2007-09-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  11. ^ http://www.hurricanecity.com/offseason.htm
  12. ^ http://www.hurricanecity.com/offseason.htm
  13. ^ Knabb (2007). "Subtropical Storm Andrea Discussion Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
  14. ^ National Hurricane Center. May 11 1800 UTC Tropical Weather Discussion. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
  15. ^ Brown (2007). "May 9 Special Tropical Disturbance Statement". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
  16. ^ Tanya Caldwell (2007). "Holly Hill surfer drowns after taking on 'gigantic wave' in New Smyrna Beach - Orlando Sentinel - Volusia County News". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  17. ^ National Hurricane Center. June 1 Tropical Weather Outlook. Retrieved on 2007-06-01.
  18. ^ a b Kevin Spear and Jim Stratton (2007-05-12). "'Fire of a lifetime' hits North Florida". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 2007-05-13.
  19. ^ Staff Writer (2007). "Subtropical storm Andrea is swirling off the north Florida coastline". Bradenton Herald. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
  20. ^ CNN Staff Writer (2007). "Atlantic's first named storm whips up wildfires". CNN. Retrieved 2007-05-10. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  21. ^ Drought Information Statement - National Weather Service Tallahassee, FL
  22. ^ http://www.thestar.com/News/article/242061
  23. ^ http://www.canada.com/cityguides/halifax/info/story.html?id=b3f93a19-1a81-4558-b1c8-3a585572d909&k=72967
  24. ^ http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/capress/070802/national/bc_tropical_weather_damage_1
  25. ^ http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/capress/070802/national/bc_tropical_weather_damage_1
  26. ^ a b Knabb (2007). "Tropical Depression Four Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  27. ^ Knabb (2007). "Tropical Depression Four Discussion Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  28. ^ Brown/Franklin (2007). "Tropical Depression Four Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  29. ^ Rhome (2007). "Tropical Depression Four Discussion Four". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  30. ^ Avila (2007). "Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Five". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  31. ^ Beven (2007). "Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Eight". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  32. ^ Beven (2007). "Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Twelve". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  33. ^ Avila (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Seventeen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  34. ^ Knabb (2007). "Hurricane Dean Intermediate Advisory Nineteen 'A'". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  35. ^ Knabb (2007). "Hurricane Dean Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  36. ^ Pasch/Brown (2007). "Hurricane Dean Tropical Cyclone Discussion Thirty-three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
  37. ^ Beven (2007). "August 9 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  38. ^ Beven (2007). "August 10 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  39. ^ Rhome (2007). "August 11 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  40. ^ Blake (2007). "August 12 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  41. ^ Knabb/Blake (2007). "August 13 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  42. ^ Franklin (2007). "Tropical Depression Five Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  43. ^ Avila (2007). "Tropical Storm Erin Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  44. ^ Avila (2007). "Tropical Storm Erin Intermediate Advisory 7a". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  45. ^ Avila (2007). "Tropical Storm Erin Advisory 8". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  46. ^ Texans, dealing with rain and flooding, brace Hurricane Dean
  47. ^ Blake/Avila (2007-08-31). "Tropical Depression Six Public Advisory One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-31. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  48. ^ Jerry Allegood (2007). "Gabrielle's brush with N.C. coast gentle". The News & Observer. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
  49. ^ Beven (2007). "September 8 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
  50. ^ Rhome (2007). "September 10 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
  51. ^ Franklin (2007). "Tropical Depression Nine Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
  52. ^ Franklin (2007). "Tropical Storm Humberto Public Advisory One-A". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
  53. ^ Mainelli & Avila (2007). "Hurricane Humberto Special Discussion Four". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-09-13.
  54. ^ Mainelli & Avila (2007). "Hurricane Humberto Discussion Five". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-09-13.
  55. ^ Franklin (2007). "Tropical Storm Humberto Discussion Six". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-09-13.
  56. ^ a b Gallaspy, Beth (2007-09-13). "Hurricane Humberto hammers SE Texas, kills Bridge City man". The Beaumont Enterprise. Beaumont Enterprise. Retrieved 2007-09-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  57. ^ "2007 Atlantic Ocean Tropical Cyclones". NOAA. 2007-06-01. Retrieved 2007-06-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  58. ^ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al09/al092007.update.09130713.shtml?
  59. ^ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml

Template:2000-2009 Atlantic hurricane seasons

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