Geotagged photograph
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A geocoded photograph is a photograph which is associated with a geographical location. A geocoded image can be associated to geographical coordinates such as latitude and longitude or a physical address.
In theory, every part of a picture can be tied to a geographic location, but in the most typical application, only the position of the photographer is associated with the entire digital image. This has implications for search and retrieval. For example, photos of a mountain summit can be taken from different positions miles apart. To find all images of a particular summit in an image database, all photos taken within a reasonable distance must be considered. The point position of the photographer can in some cases include the bearing, the direction the camera was pointing.
Methods of geocoding images:
- Using a location-aware device such a GPS receiver. This is the most precise method of geocoding an image. When a photo is taken the location of the camera is recorded within the image. For example, JPEG and TIFF image file formats can store the geographical coordinates in the Exif header. Although most digital cameras sold today do not contain a built in GPS receiver, an external GPS device can be used to keep track of the camera location and the data can be synchronized later using specialized software.
- Syncing coordinates from GPS tracks into the Exif header using software that compares time stamps. There are a number of products that can match up photos in this way. [1]:
- Manually inputting the location. If the user knows the coordinates, the location can be manually added using software. For example, users of photo sharing Websites such as Pikeo, ipernity, Zooomr, Fotki, Zoto, jpgEarth, Panoramio, locr, Flickr and woophy can directly enter a GeoTag inline without the need of an external service or going off-site. Doing so on Flickr will also apply a Geo microformat to the page concerned.
- Providing geographical names such as city, ZIP Code or a street address. A less precise method is adding descriptive data of the location to an image.
- Using scene recognition software like Photosynth. Specialized software capable of recognizing a landmark or photo location. [citation needed]
- Using a combination of Google's Picasa image organisation software and Google Earth virtual globe software, images can be geocoded by selecting an image in Picasa and finding its location in Google Earth.
- A tool that only writes GPS fields is Location Stamper from the Microsoft Research WWMX project [1]. It looks up a location (e.g. from an address) in a map, the user points the photo to the exact location on the map and the photo is geocoded with that coordinates.
- A free (Open Source) tool that writes GPS fields to Exif fields is gpsPhoto ([2]). It is a set of Perl libraries and a command-line application.
- A free (Open Source) tool that can read and write all Exif fields is ExifTool ([3]). It is a set of Perl libraries with an included command-line application.
- Navman released in April 2006 a range of in car navigation devices that include a digital camera. These generate geocoded photos that can be copied off the device, shared and used as navigation targets. They have since announced the NavPix Library, a site for sharing geocoded photos.
- A free tool which extends the Windows Explorer's context menu for JPEG files is Panorado Flyer ([4]). It offers manual editing of an image's geographical coordinates, associating the image to the current GoogleEarth position, and showing the image's location in GoogleEarth.
- Mac OS X users can tag images using Geotagger ([5]) which gets coordinates from Google Earth and inserts them into the Exif tags of jpegs.
- Flickr user aemkei published a Bookmarklet with seamless integration into Flickr. A map appears next to the photo when clicking the bookmarklet. It works cross-browser and cross-platform. No greasemonkey needed. Loc.alize.this bookmarklet
- A Mac OS X application for geotagging images and other types of documents is Geophoto. It integrates with Flickr and iPhoto.
Software
Platform Independent
Windows
- Claude GPS
- DGManager.NET
- Downloader Pro
- ExifExtractor
- Fodysseus
- GARtrip
- GPS Photo for Windows
- GPS-Photo Link
- GPS PhotoMapper ArcGIS plugin
- ImageIngester
- IsWhere
- MediaMapper
- NDWGeoTag
- Panorado Flyer
- Picopolo
- PixPoint
- RoboGEO
- Quakemap
- Photo Studio
- TopoFusion
Free:
Linux
MacOSX
- HoudahGeo
- GPS Automator Actions
- GPSPhotoLinker
- PhotoGPSEditor
- PhotoInfoEditor
- Geotagger
- ImageIngester
Smart Phones
PDA Pocket PCs
Web services
Hardware
- Bluetooth GPS Datalogger with geotagging capabilities (software)
- Bundled Geotagger Solutions
- GPS-Capable or Integrated Cameras
- Canon
- EOS 1D Mark III (requires WFT-E2A Wireless File Transmitter and compatible GPS)
- Fuji
- S5 (requires NMEA-capable GPS)
- Kodak
- DC265 (requires NMEA-capable GPS)
- DC290 (requires NMEA-capable GPS)
- Nikon
- D2X (requires NMEA-capable GPS)
- D2H (requires NMEA-capable GPS)
- D200 (requires NMEA-capable GPS)
- Ricoh
- 500SE (available with built-in GPS, or can use Bluetooth GPS)
- Caplio Pro G3
- RDC-1700G
- Auto Navigation with Integrated Cameras
- Navman (with NavPix)
- iCN 720
- iCN 750
- Smart Phones with integrated GPS and geotagging capabilities
- Motorola i860 (with GEOsnapper software)
- Nokia N95
- HP 6915/6945
- Direct to Camera EXIF
- these devices connect directly to Nikon D2X, D2H, D200, & Fuji S5 via Nikon 10 pin port
- foolography Wired GPS w/ SiRFstar III for Nikon DSLRs Wired GPS
- Foolography unleashed - connects any modern Bluetooth GPS receiver to Nikon DSLRs
- GPS device w/ SiRFstar III for Nikon D2 series DSLRs di-GPS
- GPS device w/ SiRFstar III for Nikon D2 series DSLRs Custom Idea
- Homemade GPS adapter for Nikon digital camera [6] & Gecoding with D200
- Dataloggers
- these devices record a tracklog file, which is then later synced to your photos via timestamps
- GPS datalogging device w/ SiRFstar III GlobalSat DG-100 GPS Data Logger
- GPS datalogging device, hot shoe mount JOBO photoGPS
- GPS datalogging Device from SONY Sony GPS-CS1KA GPS Unit
- Build Notes for DIY Nikon GPS
- MAKE: Make a Nikon D200 GPS mount and cable (GPS camera)
- Jelbert GeoTagger
- Blue2Can
See also
References
External links
- Assigning Textual Names to Sets of Geographic Coordinates (pdf)
- Future of Memories: GPS & mapping
- Guide to current consumer-facing technologies
- Panoramio.com: Online community dedicated to geocoded photos
- Holiday Maps: Website dedicated to geocoded photos
- Maptales.com: Telling stories with geocoded photos
- locr.com: Online community dedicated to geocoded photos with automatic tag generation
- Geophoto: a geotagging application for Mac OS X
- Sunset: a geotagging application for Windows Mobile WM5
- Guide to modifying a Nikon MC-35 to add GPS
- List of other geocoding software