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In Rainbows

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Untitled

In Rainbows is the seventh album by the British rock band Radiohead, released in 2007. It was first released on 10 October 2007 as a digital download for which customers chose their own price, followed by a "discbox" with a second CD, two vinyl records, artwork and lyric booklets on 3 December 2007.[1] The album will be released as a standard CD in Japan on 26 December 2007,[2] in Australia on 29 December 2007 and in North America on 1 January, 2008.[3][4] Elsewhere around the world, it will be released on 31 December 2007.[5] The first single, "Jigsaw Falling into Place", will follow on 14 January 2008 in the United Kingdom.[2][6]

The band had worked on In Rainbows for more than two years, beginning in early 2005.[7] In between recording, the band toured Europe and North America for three months in mid-2006.[8][9] The announcement of details about the album led to a flurry of media attention centered around the band's decision to first release the album online as a digital download for which fans could decide the price they paid.[10]

The album release marks the band's first album after the end of their contract with EMI and the end of the longest gap between studio albums in their career.[11] Upon its initial release as a digital download, the album earned widespread critical acclaim,[12] though the commercial success of the album is still unclear. The band plans to embark on a world tour beginning in May 2008.[13]

Production

Recording history

After a break in 2004, Radiohead began work on their seventh studio album in mid-February 2005.[7] Lead vocalist Thom Yorke and guitarist Jonny Greenwood debuted a new song, "Arpeggi", at London's Ether Festival in March 2005.[14] Later that summer, Yorke performed an acoustic set for the Trade Justice rally, playing the never-recorded "Nude" and "Reckoner", debuting the new song "House of Cards", and introducing "Last Flowers [Till Hospital]", a remnant from the OK Computer period.[15][16] Regular recording sessions began in August 2005, with the band updating fans on their progress intermittently in their new blog, Dead Air Space. Recording continued into early 2006, but the sessions were slow, according to Yorke, "we spent a long time in the studio just not going anywhere, wasting our time, and that was really, really frustrating."[17] This was attributed to difficulty regaining momentum after their break,[17] and the lack of both a deadline and producer to push things forward.[18] In the February 2006 sessions, they chose to work with producer Mark "Spike" Stent instead of their longtime co-producer Nigel Godrich.[19] Colin Greenwood commenting on their decision said "Nigel and the band know each other so well now, it's all got a little too safe."[18] Although the band had written many new songs by this point, little came of the recording sessions with Stent, which ended in April 2006. According to Yorke, "we were still scratching our heads and scrabbling around."[18]

Radiohead performing live at the Greek Theatre, Los Angeles during their 2006 tour

The band decided to tour again, giving themselves a goal to work towards. Commenting on their preparation for the tour, Yorke said "suddenly everyone is being spontaneous and no one's self-conscious because you're not in the studio... It felt like being 16 again."[17] In May and June 2006, Radiohead toured major cities in Europe and North America,[8] returning to Europe for several festivals in August.[9] The tour, their first in several years, drew sold-out crowds to smaller venues such as clubs and theatres, including a benefit performance in London for Friends of the Earth's campaign to stop climate change. They also played larger music festivals such as Bonnaroo and the V Festival; they headlined both lineups of V[20] and played a 28-song set at Bonnaroo, their longest live concert in years.[21] On the tour, the band included songs they were working on in their set.[17]

After the tour, the band restarted recording sessions in September 2006, this time with Godrich. Yorke said on Dead Air Space that the band have "started the record properly now... starting to get somewhere I think. Finally."[22] In mid-January 2007 Radiohead resumed their recording sessions following a Christmas break, and also started to post photos, lyrics, videos and samples of new songs on Dead Air Space.[23] In late April, Yorke stated that Radiohead had a CD of material ready for consideration.[24] In June, Nigel Godrich posted clippings of the mixed songs on Dead Air Space, among which were "Jigsaw Falling into Place" (known as "Open Pick" throughout 2006 performances[25]), "Down Is the New Up", "Bangers and Mash", "All I Need", "Faust Arp" and "Weird Fishes/Arpeggi".[26] Having completed recording the album in June, Radiohead mastered the album in July and August 2007 in New York City.[27]

Music and lyrical content

Template:Sample box start Template:Multi-listen start Template:Multi-listen item Template:Multi-listen item Template:Multi-listen end Template:Sample box end The album features many of the songs showcased on Radiohead's 2006 tour, including "15 Step", "Bodysnatchers", "All I Need" and "Videotape". "Arpeggi" and "Open Pick", songs debuted during the band's 2006 tour, also made their way onto the album, but were retitled "Weird Fishes/Arpeggi" and "Jigsaw Falling Into Place", respectively. The song "Nude", which premiered live during the OK Computer world tour was finally released on In Rainbows, albeit with a different arrangement. Some media outlets reported that a song named "Reckoner" which had originally premiered live in 2001 would finally be released on In Rainbows,[28] but the In Rainbows track titled "Reckoner" is quite different; Thom Yorke and Jonny Greenwood worked on extra material for the song and subsequently abandoned the original material.[29]

Thom Yorke, in reference to the lyrical content on the album, has said "It's about that anonymous fear thing, sitting in traffic, thinking, 'I'm sure I'm supposed to be doing something else'... it's similar to OK Computer in a way. It's much more terrifying. But OK Computer was terrifying too—some of the lyrics were."[30]

Before the album was released, Yorke posted extracts of J.G. Ballard's anti-consumerist book Kingdom Come and links to sites against the use of nuclear power and for the promotion of knowledge about global warming on Dead Air Space, the band's blog.[31]

Artwork

The album artwork for In Rainbows was designed by Stanley Donwood. For the album, Donwood experimented with a photographic etching technique, putting prints into baths with random results.[32] Donwood originally planned on doing an exploration on suburban life, but quickly realised it didn't fit the album's sound, "It's a sensual record and I wanted to do something more organic." During the recording of the album, Donwood regularly put up images in the studio and on the studio computer, letting the band interact directly and comment on them. Donwood also posted images daily on the band's website, though none of the images were used in the final album artwork.[33] Donwood describing the album cover, said "it's very colourful - I've finally embraced colour! It's a rainbow but it is very toxic, it's more like the sort of one you'd see in a puddle." Just before the digital download release of the album, the band decided not to use the cover.[34] The "discbox" release of the album includes a lyric booklet which contains additional artwork by Donwood.[32]

Release

Record label and distribution

Having fulfilled their six-album contract with EMI with the release of 2003's Hail to the Thief, Radiohead stated after completion of recording their seventh LP that they had not made a decision on how to release their new material.[35] Yorke at one point had also hinted at the possibility of releasing singles or EPs rather than an album.[36] However, he ruled out Internet-only distribution because he felt some fans would not have the technological means to obtain the new material.[17]

In a statement released in 2006, the band said that "for the first time, we have no contract or release deadline to fulfill—it's both liberating and terrifying."[37] Yorke, commenting on the band's relationship with EMI, said, "We have no record contract as such. Any offers?..What we would like is the old EMI back again, the nice genteel arms manufacturers who treated music [as] a nice side project who weren't too bothered about the shareholders. Ah well, not much chance of that."[38] Shortly before the band began writing new songs for the album, Yorke told Time, "I like the people at our record company, but the time is at hand when you have to ask why anyone needs one. And, yes, it probably would give us some perverse pleasure to say 'Fuck you' to this decaying business model."[11]

For In Rainbows, Radiohead retained ownership of the album recordings and song compositions. The download and "discbox" versions of the album are self-released by the band, for the CD release, the band is licensing the music to record labels.[39] The album's licensing agreements for all releases are managed by the band's publisher Warner Chappell Music Publishing.[39]

Formats and release

On 1 October 2007, Radiohead announced, on their blog, the title, track list, and release dates of their seventh album, In Rainbows.[40] As the band was not in a contract with any record label at the time of its release, the album was initially released as a download from inrainbows.com on 10 October 2007. In order to distribute the album with minimal technical glitches, Radiohead engaged the services of UK-based PacketExchange to bypass public Internet servers, instead utilizing a less-trafficked private network to deliver the digital download to users.[41] The download, packaged as a ZIP file, included the ten album tracks encoded in DRM-free MP3 format.[42] Upon purchase, the buyer was prompted to type in their desired price, plus a credit card transaction fee of 45 pence if purchased for more than £0.00.[43] The staggered online release of the album began at about 5:30 GMT.

File:Inrainbowsdiscbox.jpg
In Rainbows discbox edition

A special made-to-order "discbox", available for pre-order through inrainbows.com, was released on 3 December 2007. It contains the album on CD and two 12" heavyweight vinyl records with artwork and lyric booklets. The box includes a second enhanced CD which contains 8 additional tracks, as well as digital photos and artwork. The overall set is packaged in a hardcover book and slipcase. The discbox, priced at £40 (approx. US$80), also includes the MP3 download.[1] The album will be released on CD in Japan by Hostess on 26 December 2007,[2] in Australia on 29 December 2007 by Remote Control/XL[3] and in North America on 1 January, 2008 by ATO imprint TBD Records.[4] Elsewhere around the world, the album will be released on 31 December 2007 by independent record label XL Recordings.[44]

As of 10 December 2007, the official In Rainbows download will no longer be available. The discbox version of the album will still be available for purchase via the inrainbows.com online store until they are out of stock.[45]

Explaining the reasons behind the album's unusual initial release as download-only, lead guitarist Jonny Greenwood said "partly just to get it out quickly, so everyone would hear it at the same time, and partly because it was an experiment that felt worth trying, really." As for letting people name the price they pay for the album, he said "it's fun to make people stop for a few seconds and think about what music is worth, and that's just an interesting question to ask people."[46] Radiohead's managers, however, claimed that the Internet-only distribution was intended only to boost sales of the physical album.[47]

Reception

Critical reception

In Rainbows received widespread critical acclaim upon its release, earning a rating of 88 out of 100 on Metacritic.[12] The Guardian's review was especially glowing, stating "it may represent the strongest collection of songs Radiohead have assembled for a decade."[48] The Province's review was also appreciative, claiming that In Rainbows "is Radiohead's most rapturous, touching, and human record since OK Computer."[49] Several reviewers attributed the album's quality to the band's performance in the studio, claiming that the band sounded like they were enjoying themselves.[48][50][51][52][53] The Hartford Courant called the songs "a skillful mix of instruments and electronic sounds, incorporating elements of all the things Radiohead has done before without sounding exactly like any of them."[54] Many reviewers also commended the album on not being overshadowed by its marketing hype.[50][52][55][56]

However, Dusted Magazine's review was particularly negative, stating "[the songs] mostly seem like the byproduct of jams" and that "jamming doesn't play to [the band's] strengths, which are Yorke's voice and their twisting chord progressions and melodies. Those things are both present on In Rainbows, but they're undercooked..."[57] Tyler Fisher of Sputnikmusic.com also commented that the album lacked a standout track and a climax.[58] Meanwhile, Tiny Mix Tapes' review was also fairly critical of the album, but also noted how "any aesthetic critiques of the album will be surely overshadowed by what it will represent culturally 10 years down the line.[59]

Sales

The albums's download and "discbox" sales are not eligible for inclusion in the UK Albums Chart because the website is not a chart-registered retailer.[60] However, most of the songs on the record began to get airplay on the Modern Rock radio stations in the United States following the album's internet release.[61] The most successful song off the album, "Bodysnatchers", peaked at #29 on the US Modern Rock chart.[62] Mediabase noted that "Jigsaw Falling into Place", which was officially chosen as the first single, was the second most played song, peaking at #79 on airplay on alternative rock-oriented stations.[61]

In early October 2007, a spokesman for the band revealed that "most people are deciding on a normal retail price with very few trying to buy [the download version] for a penny" and that most fans had preordered the discbox.[63] Citing a source close to the band, Gigwise.com reported that by 10 October 2007, the album had sold 1.2 million copies.[64] This claim however, has been dismissed by band manager Bryce Edge as "exaggerated".[13] According to an Internet survey conducted by Record of the Day of 3,000 people, about one-third of people who downloaded the album paid nothing, with the average price paid being £4.[65] Another study by the internet research group ComScore found that a larger 60% of downloaders opted to pay nothing for the album, with the average price being only £2.90.[66]. Finally, an informal survey of the readers of music magazine, NME, claimed an average price paid of £5 [67] The band's management have not released any official sales figures.

Track listing

  1. "15 Step" – 3:57
  2. "Bodysnatchers" – 4:02
  3. "Nude" – 4:15
  4. "Weird Fishes/Arpeggi" – 5:18
  5. "All I Need" – 3:48
  6. "Faust Arp" – 2:09
  7. "Reckoner" – 4:50
  8. "House of Cards" – 5:28
  9. "Jigsaw Falling into Place" – 4:09
  10. "Videotape" – 4:39

The discbox release of the album includes a second disc, which contains eight additional tracks, along with digital photographs and artwork:[1]

  1. "MK 1" – 1:04
  2. "Down Is the New Up" – 4:59
  3. "Go Slowly" – 3:48
  4. "MK 2" – 0:53
  5. "Last Flowers" – 4:27
  6. "Up on the Ladder" – 4:17
  7. "Bangers + Mash" – 3:20
  8. "4 Minute Warning" – 4:06

Release history

Region Date Label Format Catalogue number
Worldwide (Internet) 10 October 2007 Self-release Digital download
Worldwide 3 December 2007 Self-release CD/LP
Japan 26 December 2007 Hostess CD
Australia 29 December 2007 Remote Control/XL CD
Worldwide (unless specified otherwise) 31 December 2007 XL CD XLCD324
LP XLLP324
North America 1 January 2008 TBD Records CD 21622

References

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