Talk:Constitution of the United States

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1 - June 2002 to December 2005 2 - January 2006 to December 2006

Full Text

How about giving the full text, and then an analysis. Or in the fashion on the American Declaration of Independence page, split the actual text and analysis side-by-side. Chiss Boy 01:07, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

I would be in favor of doing this in each of the 7 individual Wikipedia articles on the Articles of the Constitution. In my opinion, however, the main Constitution article is not the place to put the entire text and discussion (as that would probably make the article longer than the suggested maximum article length). I agree though that the Declaration of Independence style is pretty good, and would like to see that in each of the Articles of the Constitution pages. --CapitalR 02:23, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

More than 13 states

There were more than 13 states when the Constitution was ratified. The info box with the votes should include all the states' votes. Chiss Boy 01:07, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Are you sure? I'm pretty sure there were 13 colonies at the time (they weren't technically states until they ratified the constitution individually in their respective colonies). The Virginias split during the American Revolution, if that is what you are referring to (in which case, West Virginia wouldn't be considered a state at the time). 202.216.127.226 12:29, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

What on Earth are you talking about? First of all the States had stopped being colonies for some time before the writing of the US Constitution. The colonies declared their independence in 1776, formed The United States under the Articles of Confederation in 1777, and the 13th state (Rhode Island) approved the current Constitution in 1790. Vermont (the 14th state) didn't join until 1791. Furthermore West Virginia didn't split away from Virginia until the US Civil War. It joined the Union in 1863. 71.75.109.20 19:52, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

I agree with THAT, that's for sure. Wait, Vermont wasn't a state until 1791? I thought it was a bit later! Oh well, you've still got the point. And besides, they technically aren't "states" if they didn't ratify the Constitution, right? --68.100.241.43 (talk) 07:38, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

Correct word?

Is that supposed to be "engrossed" or "embossed" in the second page? Rekrdskratcher 02:20, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

"Engrossed" is the correct word (see [1]), but the wikilink is to a different use of the term. In this case, engrossed means written formally in a large clear script, as a deed or other legal document [2] — Lomn 22:08, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Long overdue

I have created two talk page archives. I made sure each discussion had been closed for awhile. Veracious Rey 16:09, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

I am missing in the article's TOC a link to the amendments. The are mentioned (with a link) at the top of the section on the contents but that is far from obvious for a first-time visitor to the page. Guido van Rossum (Dec 30, 2006)

Gallery

I added a gallery of pages 2-5, including the signatures. Page 1 is featured at the bottom. Veracious Rey 17:26, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

• I don't think it would be better to have all five pages at the bottom, even if it means that page one is displayed 3 times. It didn't take me long to find page two, and I do like the way the gallery starts with page one. -Arcking

I'm not sure what you mean by that Arcking (though I think I'm agreeing with you), but it seemed to me that it would be easier on there were an area with links to each page of the Constitution.

I also added a perrow attribute to the gallery to force all of the images to stay in a line, although I think this may cause horizontal scrolling on some screens. Please remove it if that's the case for you. --sachin 03:00, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

Page 5 is redundant. The signatures are already on page 4. Therefore, I have deleted page 5Ferrylodge 04:51, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

The Constitution

Well, I use the Constitution a lot for my homework and I can come to say I appreciate it because it holds the U.S. together.

I find it surprising that there is no mention of James Madison as the document's primary author. This is very important as his ideas and actual language are almost intact as passed into law.

Where's the text?

Is it just me, or is it unnecessarily difficult to find the actual text of the Constitution on this wiki? How about a "read the original text in its entirety" link on the main page? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.17.180.126 (talk) 21:51, 9 February 2007 (UTC).

Agreed. Please bring back the Wikisource box. Mdiamante 05:41, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

• It's already back. --CapitalR 06:44, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

San Marino? not

As the standard scholarship explains: San Marino does not have an official Constitution as such.' Page 211 of Fragmentation and the International Relations of Micro-states: Self-determination and Statehood (1996) by Jorri C. Duursma[3] in books.google.com Rjensen 15:23, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

"Standard scholarship"? Is the Library of Congress a fringe group? [4] While Duursma says there was no written constitution, his description of the Statutes of 1600 makes it sound very much like a constitution. Since there's apparently a dispute, it'd be better to describe the dispute, or at least mention it. ·:·Will Beback ·:· 04:29, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

LC website is not fringe--but it is trumped when an expert on the subject says explicitly something else. The LC does not cite its sources but the expert does. As the expert explains: San Marino does not have an official Constitution as such.' Page 211 of Fragmentation and the International Relations of Micro-states: Self-determination and Statehood (1996) by Jorri C. Duursma[5] in books.google.com Rjensen 05:32, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

"Standard", though very secondary, sources date San Marino's constitution from 1600, including the CIA Factbook,[6], and the Encyclopedia Britannica.[7] Others, including that one professor, don't regard the Statutes as a written constitution. We both know Wikipedia well-enough to know that if we were to simply omit mention of San Marino then well-intentioned editor will re-add it every few months. Also, it's not our job to decide which scholars are correct. The most accurate, neutral text might say:

• The U.S. Constitution is the oldest written constitution except for the San Marino Statutes of 1600, whose status is disputed.

That includes both sides neutrally, right? ·:·Will Beback ·:· 06:58, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

If it's me, I'd massage the wording thus: The U.S. Constitution is the oldest written constitution except possibly for San Marino's Statutes of 1600, whose status as a true constitution is disputed by scholars. I think that neutralizes and clarifies things a bit more. Vbdrummer0 13:13, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

That sounds even better. ·:·Will Beback ·:· 06:44, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

I put San Marino into a footnote, where the San Marinese will find it. That way when the Greeks, or the Icelanders, or the Ragusans, put in their claims, we need only lengthen the footnote. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 21:47, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Use of Abbreviation

Why use "v." for versus instead of "vs." ? --Sarge909 00:37, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

U.S. legal citation form. See Bluebook - NYC JD (interrogatories) 00:47, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Cyrus??

Is this true? Section 1.4 on historical influences talks about Cyrus and that the people who set up the constitution had to read two books and choose which system of government they wanted. This sounds extremely farfetched to me. --KarlFrei 13:24, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

It sounded far-fetched to me too when someone added it last week. I only found 3-4 references to it on Google, and all looked like they came from the same source. I say that if no one supports the claim here on this talk page in the next week or so we delete it. --CapitalR 20:48, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Well, when somebody added it only last week, I'll take a chance and delete it right now. Pretty sure this is nonsense. --KarlFrei 09:42, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Agreed. I've heard that story, but have never found anything to support it. -- A. 21:35, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

Potential Amendments

In the article, several potential amendments are discussed as having entered "mainstream political debate." One that I know has at least been tossed around is an amendment to allow foreign-born citizens to serve as President. We're all smart people here, so I think we can guess who would benefit most from such an amendment. Stil, what are our criteria for "mainstream political debate?" -- A. 21:35, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

Here it is, the Equal Opportunity to Govern Amendment. Which basically answers my question; like the other amendments that didn't make the cut here, they've been proposed, but not seriously considered or submitted to the States. -- A. 21:44, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

Influence of the Bible

The Bible was a major influence on the Constitution. That's indisputable. The source for this is Barton's book: Original Intent: The Courts, the Constitution, and Religion. http://www.amazon.com/Original-Intent-Courts-Constitution-Religion/dp/0925279579 I'm not sure how to put that in there. 208.255.6.195 18:23, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

that's disputable. The Barton book is not consensus scholarship, which Wiki represents. from Amazon: "David Barton is founder and president of WallBuilders, a national pro-family organization which distributes historical, legal, and statistical information, and helps citizens become active in their local schools and communities. He was appointed by the Texas State Board of Education and the California Academic Standards Commission to review their History/Social crimes standards." Rjensen 18:31, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

• I could be wrong (I often am), but I thought Wikipedia was supposed to (re)present all major sides of a debate or dispute, not pick which one to deem "consensus scholarship" and report only on that one. Barton is only one scholar, but many scholars would agree that the Bible indluenced the Constitution. I don't happen to be one of those scholars, but that doesn't mean we shouldn't include the existance of the debate, even briefly, in the article. Vbdrummer0 13:20, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Indeed, the only CLEAR link I can find in governmental policy is the separation of church and state, which can arguably be traced to Jesus' teachings in the New Testament. Technically, though, that's in the Bill of Rights. --Dunkelza 02:32, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Massachusetts constitution

Massachusetts constitution seems to be older and still continuously in place. We probably should charge opening to something like "the oldest constitution of a sovereign state". Any thoughts? 151.204.253.82 04:35, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

I changed it to "constitution of its type". This is a bit unclear, but technically, Massachusetts is still a sovereign (or at least quasi-sovereign) state, so that term isn't precise either. The Magna Carta can also be viewed as a constitution, as it establishes the form and limitations of government. I thought about using "federal constitution", but I figured we could debate that further. --Dunkelza 02:12, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Hey, that was a good catch. I was thinking it wasn't the oldest constitution as well. It would have to be federal. National doesn't work and if you used country, the wording would have to be changed. I can't think of any others and the definition of federal¹ clarifies that perfectly. --70.174.139.25 02:50, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Iroquois Constitution

I think it would be useful to add some details about the influence of the Iroquois Constitution on the US Constitution. This appears to be completely and notably absent from the "Historical Influences" section.

http://usinfo.state.gov/scv/Archive/2005/May/17-246412.html http://www.loc.gov/law/guide/usconst.html

It has been debunked before but keeps resurfacing. --Purpleslog 16:36, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

From http://www.usconstitution.net/constfaq_a6.html:

Q103. "I have heard that the U.S. Constitution is based on a document called the 'Iroquois Confederation'. Is this true, and if so what parts of the Constitution came from this document?"

A. The U.S. Constitution is not based on that of the Iroquois Confederation - but some of the delegates to the Convention knew of the Confederation (notably Benjamin Franklin) and the two documents share many concepts, as do many constitutions. The Five Nations was a federal-style system, and it shared that with the U.S. You can find it online, though it is slightly difficult reading - the Indians spoke often in concept and metaphor. --Purpleslog 16:47, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Actually, the U.S. Government has even acknowledged the Great Law of Peace's contributions. ""Whereas the contutition of the original Thirteen Colonies into one republic was explicitly modeled upon th Iroquois Confederacy as were many of the democratic principles which were incorporated into the Constitution itself; and,""

This can be found here: [8]

Also, along with this document, there is a book with almost 300 pages of testimony that preceded this declaration. This should be considered evidence enough to include it in the main article.--Roskerah (talk) 04:51, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Probably not - the source isn't available right now, so it's not verifiable. Tedickey (talk) 01:00, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Which source? The link I posted, or the hearings that I mentioned? The link I posted is good. I will try to upload the 300 pager, but to me, the resolution should suffice.--Roskerah (talk) 05:01, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

I was referring to the link you posted, which still is not accessible:

Not Found
The requested URL /archive/nl/9307/0057.html was not found on this server.


Additionally, a 404 Not Found error was encountered while trying to use an ErrorDocument to handle the request. 
Apache/1.3.37 Server at www.nativenet.uthscsa.edu Port 80

Tedickey (talk) 00:06, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

Very Strange that it does not work now, but, I do have the whole thing in word. Here it is: ""HEARING BEFORE THE SELECT COMMlTTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE, ONE HUNDREDTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION ON S. Con. Res. 76 DECEMBER 2, 1987 To acknowledge the contribution of the Iroquois Confederacy of Nation the development of the United States Constitution and to reaffirm the continuing government-to-government relationship between tribes and the United States established in the Constitution. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNlTED STATES September 16, 1987 Mr Inouye (for himself, Mr, Evans, Mr DeConcini, Mr. Burdick, Mr McCain, Mr. Adams, Mr Boren, Mr Conrad, Mr Cranston, Mr D'Amato, Mr Dole, Mr Ford, Mr Fowler, Mr Levin, Mr Pell, Mr Pryor, Mr Reid, Mr Riegle, and Mr Stafford) submitted the following concurrent resolution; which was referred to the Select Committee on Indian Affairs. CONCURRENT RESOLUTION To acknowledge the contribution of the Iroquois Confederacy of Nations to the development of the United States Constitution and to reaffirm the continuing government-to-government relationship between Indian tribes and the United States established in the Constitution. Whereas the original framers of the Constitution, including most notably, George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, are known to have, greatly admired the concepts, principles and government practices of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy and, Whereas the constitution of the original Thirteen Colonies into one republic was explicitly modeled upon the Iroquois Confederacy as were many of the democratic principles which were incorporated into the Constitution itself; and, Whereas since the formation of the United States, the Congress has recognized the sovereign status of Indian tribes, and has, through the exercise of powers reserved to the Federal Government in the Commerce Clause of the Constitution (art. I s8, oI.9), dealt with Indian Tribes on a government to-government basis and has, through the treaty clause (art. 62, Cl.a) entered into three hundred and Seventy treaties with Indian tribal nations; and, Whereas from the first treaty entered into with an Indian nation, the treaty with the Delaware Indian of September 17, 1778, and thereafter in every Indian treaty until the cessation of treaty making in 1871, the Congress has assumed a trust responsibility and obligation to Indian tribes and their members to "exercise the utmost good faith in dealings with the Indians" as provided for in the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, (l Stat: 50); and, Whereas Congress has consistently reaffirmed these fundamental polices over the past two hundred years through legislation specifically designed to honor this special relationship; and, Whereas, the judicial system of the United States has consistently recognized and reaffirmed this special relationship: Now. Therefore, be it Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives Concurring), That (1) The Congress, on the occasion of the two hundredreth anniversary of the signing of the United States Constitution, acknowledges the historical debt which this Republic of the United States of America owes to the Iroquois Confederacy and other Indian Nations for their demonstration of enlightened, democratic principals of Government and their example of a free association independent Indian Nations; (2) The Congress also hereby reaffirms the constitutionship recognized government-to-government relationship with Indian tribes, which has historically been the cornerstone of this Nation's Indian policy; (3) The Congress specifically acknowledges and reaffirms the responsibility and obligation of the United States Governments to Indian tribes, including Alaskan Natives, for their preservation, protection and enhancement, including the provision of health, education, social and economic assistance programs as necessary to assist tribes to perform their governmental responsibility to provide for the social and economic wellbeing of their members and to preserve tribal cultural identity and heritage; and (4) The Congress also acknowledges the need to exercise the utmost good faith in upholding its treaties with the various tribes, as the tribes understood them to be, and the duty of a great Nation to uphold its legal and moral obligation for the benefit of all its citizens so that they and their posterity may also continue to enjoy the rights they have enshrined in the United States Constitution for time immemorial.""

It can be found here: [9] —Preceding unsigned comment added by Roskerah (talk • contribs) 03:49, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

That url fails too (always a problem with search urls). Back to the text - even if pointed to a reliable source, it's not the same as stating that the U. S. Government did something. Congressmen (and Senators) make feel-good statements frequently, but they're unrelated to policy. Policy is backed up with actions, not words Tedickey (talk) 14:41, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

Statutes of 1600

The opening paragraph states that the status of the Statutes of 1600 as a true constitution is disputed by scholars. Does anyone have a source for this? I couldn't find a mention of it in the Statues article, I'm tagging this claim with{{Fact}} until a source can be cited. Naufana : talk 03:11, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

Look above you, on this page, under a heading regarding San Marino. The wording is a compromise between competing scholarly interpretations. I've not seen a source that says plainly that a dispute exists, but there are sources, mentioned above, that argue both sides of the dispute. I'm going to remove the fact template and replace it with a link to that discussion rather than citing multiple disagreeing sources in the article. Vbdrummer0 01:27, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Fix or replace Articles of Confederation?

A change was made to the article today (in the top infobox) indicating that the purpose of the Constitution was to replace the Articles, not to fix them. My understanding (correct me here if I'm wrong) is that the convention was called with the idea of fixing them, but instead a whole new Constitution was written (controversially). Should we give the purpose as a "fix" or a "replacement," or is there a succinct way to give the whole story within the infobox? Vbdrummer0 17:34, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

• Hey Vbdrummer0, I made the change to "replace" today from "fix" because I thought it just fit better. It's fine by me if you want to change it back to fix; I won't revert it. I'm no constitutional scholar, so I'll defer judgement to someone with more knowledge. --CapitalR 17:41, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

• I should clarify that I don't quite have an opinion on this; both words can be correct, depending on how it's looked at. Might be a worthwhile discussion, though. Maybe I'll learn something. :) Vbdrummer0 18:38, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

suggestions for a rather major rewrite

Hi. Though I've been a big fan and user of wikipedia for a while, this is my first contribution. I think whoever wrote this entry did a lot of good work but, since it is the most important document in US history, it needs some clean-up. The first issue to resolve is the scope - what do we mean by "constitution?" I think we have to limit it (for clarity and space) as much as possible to the document itself, including some propositions beyond controversy (i.e. Congress has enumerated powers, Federal Courts are of limited jurisdiction, etc.), some historical context, and links to the various other pages its treatment will require. So, here are my (bear with me) numerous suggestions.

1) THE LEAD: I would lose the part about San Marino's statutes - They are not a "constitution." Nor is the Magna Carta, for example, although it influenced both the US constitution and later English Law. So, If you're going to assert that it is the oldest living national constitution (which I believe it is), I would start with that. Next, I would moved down, edit, and provide a link for the details of the convention and later ratification. Also, it's not that it "has a central place in American law and political culture" but, in fact, is the basis (or source) of the entire legal and political system. If you want to further stress its' importance, I would replace "the supreme law..." (not entirely instructive) and add a fact. I would also lose the part about the "engrossed copy..." since, among others, that fact is repeated in the adjacent box. (Speaking of which, I don't think you can say "original copy.") Thus:

"Ratified on September 17, 1789 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, The Constitution of the United States of America is the world's oldest living national constitution. It establishes a democratic republic, and provides the basis for the American legal and political system. All military and government officers must take an oath to protect and preserve the constitution before entering public service. Many of its concepts derived from European and Ancient sources. Several of them, however, (Federalism, Elasticity and Judicial Review) constitute original contributions to democratic theory."

2) HISTORY: I would change this as being vague. In a sense, the "history" of the constitution includes all of history to the present (since it has ancient influence and is a living, changing document, the latter of which needs to be emphasized and clarified.) I agree it's important to go into the framers, the convention, the ratification, etc. but I don't think it should be so detailed on the main page. Perhaps instead of "history" it could be "ORIGINS," then a few words about them with links to more in-depth articles. To that end, I don't think, as asserted, Montesquieu, was the "most important" European influence. That needs attribution. Nor do I agree with the characterization of Polybius' writings or the conclusion that "he" was a significant source. Many ancient sources influenced the framers, notably Plutarch's account of Lycurgus (see, eg, The Federalist Nos. 6 (Hamilton) 18 (Madison and Hamilton) and 32 (Madison). These issues are important but need to be sourced and, for purposes of the main article, should simply be mentioned.

3) SLAVERY: As it stands, this is mentioned under the "work of the Philadelphia Convention." Instead, it needs to be in the discussion of the text. Also, although the current summary is basically correct, I think it doesn't reflect a subtlety of the text. Wiki says "3/5 of the number of slaves would be counted..." The text says: ..."the whole Number of free Persons...and...three fifths of all other Persons." The latter more strongly implies the nature of slaves as property (i.e. divisible). I don't think the main page should go into slavery more than that, but there should be a link to slavery in American history as well as the role it played in the constitutional debates. (Maybe, also, a link at the bottom to PLESSY V. FERGUSON, since segregation was a "constitutional" decision).

4) "THE BIBLE". I saw a comment that was concerned there was no mention of the the "undisputed" fact that the bible was a source. I don't really understand that. Although it's certainly true that many of the "framers" were (to varying degrees) people of Christian belief, what is notable about the constitution is that God isn't in it. In fact, the only mention of "religion" at all is to prohibit the government from establishing it or infringing the people's right to practice it.

5) THE PREAMBLE: I feel this needs to be edited in part, moved in part, and cut in part. I think a brief discussion of the sovereignty of the people is warranted but much of it is either extraneous (i.e. the part of it not conferring powers), wrong (i.e. the notion that the Federal Government is (doctrinally) no longer one of "enumerated powers,") misleading (i.e. the assertion that "we the people" is "one of the most quoted and referenced section" of the constitution), retrospective or misplaced (all the stuff about state sovereignty and separation of power.) Thus, this section should include the text and one paragraph of context.

6) THE ARTICLES: Pedantic, but I don't think the powers need to be bookended by their respective articles. The heading should be a summary of the article alone (i.e. Legislative power).

a) LEGISLATIVE - many errors here. There is no debate (in the law) as to whether the powers listed are "enumerated." The sentencing following this assertion, to me, is incomprehensible. Further, McCullough v. Maryland held that, when exercising an enumerated power (in this case creating a national bank through the "necessary and proper" clause), the "supremacy clause" means that Congress' power, in that case, trumps state power. So, perhaps, McCullough could be cited for the proposition that enumerated powers include the "necessary and proper" clause, or there could be a link for a page on that extremely important case. Finally, the sentence about "free debate" doesn't seem to really provide any understanding of the "speech and debate clause" and I don't understand the assertion about the limit on "self-serving" behavior. Also, should be expanded to mention, among others, prohibition against titles of nobility, habeas corpus, ex post facto, etc.

b) EXECUTIVE - this needs to be clarified and expanded. It is misleading to equate the Executive Branch with "the Presidency." Also, the discussion of succession and the 25th A, I think, is one of the least important and interesting elements for the purposes of the main article.

c) JUDICIAL - again, clarify and expand. Main point is jurisdiction and the fact that the only Federal Court required by the constitution is the Supreme Court.

d) STATES POWERS - this one is pretty good but needs some editing and controlling idea (I.e. "federalism.")

e) PROCESS OF AMENDMENT: - again, pretty good, but needs some editing and controlling idea of "elasticity." (This is part of the original genius, after all, of this document). Stylistic note, there seem to be uses of obsolete words like "lest" and "amongst." Perhaps that's what happens when you read too much Madison but let's save them for the quotes.

I'm skipping, now, to:

f) Provision for amendment: I think this should be moved to e), and get rid of the "some people feel demographic changes..." etc. If you want to get into this legitimate debate, should be a separate article and requires attribution.

Also, should move the MARBURY discussion to a concluding paragraph, perhaps, entitled "Constitutional Law." More to be said about the amendments but have to go, now.

Thanks, wiki-munnity - looking forward to your thoughts.Sobeast 17:06, 1 August 2007 (UTC)Sobeast

Wow Sobeast! I agree with everything that you have written! TTM(Talk to me) PubliusDaughter 05:30, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

happy to talk about it. Looked for your user page but did not find one. Lack of response and apparent increase in number of unflagged, questionable articles indicates to me wikipedia struggling a little under its own weight gain.--Sobeast 02:28, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

Just running through your writeup above, I think you have some good ideas. The best way to proceed is to just to the work, one piece at a time, with descriprive edit summaries. Our philosophy is, "BE BOLD". Good luck and let me know if you need any help. -- Y not? 02:39, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

Current Status of the Constitution

There needs to be some reference in the article to the actual current status of the Constitution, and particularly the Bill of Rights - not just their official or symbolic status. The lead defines it as the supreme law in the United States, but there is overwhelming scholarship and documentary evidence disputing that that is factually the case under present circumstances. Without any mention of the secret courts, kidnappings, torture, partial consolidation of branches, and unlimited search and seizure powers currently practiced by elements of the US government, the page is incomplete and anachronistic. Wercloud 02:56, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

I think you are confusing "de jure" and "de facto." The US CONSTITUTION is the supreme law of the United States. About that, there is no controversy. The question is, is it being actually followed by the powers it attempts to restrict? There have been many constitutional crises over the course of American History and the document's epitaph has been written many times. Whether the current crisis (and I believe the evidence shows we are indeed in the middle of one) turns out to be the last, we don't know yet. So, until we do, I think the main article must restrict itself to the text as much as possible with a link, perhaps, to "Constitutional Crises" that can discuss MARBURY, MCCULLOUGH, THE CIVIL WAR, THE NEW DEAL, US V. NIXON and, yes, the present. --Sobeast 23:37, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

San Marino/Medina

I have removed the following text from the lead:

The U.S. Constitution is argued by many to be the oldest written democratic national constitution, however San Marino's Statutes of 1600 and the Constitution of Medina written in 622 by the Islamic prophet Muhammad are contenders. San Marino's constitution's status as a true constitution is disputed by scholars.

One, this is in the Lead, which is a summary, not for detailed arguments. Two, there are no direct sources, just a disputed link to antoher internal article on San Marino. Three, it what fantasyland is the Constitution of Medina considered democratic, especially as it was written and imposed by one person? I find NO mention of it being that in the article on the document, much less a source to back up the claim.

I have no problem with the section being elsewhere in the article, provided it has proper, direct sources to back up its claims. - BillCJ 17:17, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Concerning the source, here's the link : http://www.loc.gov/law/guide/sanmarino.html But i didn't understand why my information was removed. As i said, in a other place, people have to know that the Constitution of the USA is not the most ancient one. (The sentence before explains that some people argue about this fact) For a lot of people is clear, San Marino has the most ancient constitution of the world) Sources can be found even on the official website of the Gouvernment of San Marino. Best Regards. MMMD —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.169.131.14 (talk) 14:28, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

• The phrase is not "oldest constitution", but "oldest written democratic national constitution" - that's a key qualification, and the Medina one certainly isn't the latter, on several points. Whether the San Marino one is remains to be seen, as the source you just gave is inconclusive on that aspect. - BillCJ 22:09, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

• I put in the old line that was agreed upon earlier in this discussion. -CapitalR 21:56, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

See #San Marino? not above for the prior discussion of this topic. ·:· Will Beback ·:· 22:56, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

Is it really a "law"?

Quick jurisprudential question from an English lawyer and complete novice in all matters relating to the US Constitution. The article refers to the Constitution as "the supreme law" of the US. My question is this: is it correct to call it a law? Yes, the legality of all laws in the US flows from the Constitution but is it itself a law? Thanks. --ukexpat 17:17, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

• Well the Supremacy Clause of the US Constitution states:

This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.

Thus, by definition, the US Constitution is the "supreme law" and therefore can be called law. --CapitalR 17:23, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

That looks pretty definitive to me, thanks for the quick reply.--ukexpat 17:26, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Speaking from a strictly amateur viewpoint, I am not sure that one in normal parlance refers to the Constitution as "the law". In more modern grasp, a law is a rule based upon the guarantees and enumerated powers of the Constitution. For example I don't think one would refer to "free speech" as a law .... though there are many laws that are in place to either protect or limit it. As a matter of fact, if you read many of hte more modern ammendments, the last part of them usually states something to the effect of "Congress is authorized to pass any law necesary to properly enforce this" .... or something or other. Just an amateur opinion. LonelyBeacon 17:32, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

great seal?

umm...what's with the pic of the girls and thongs? Could someone change it please? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.146.83.68 (talk) 05:55, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Influence of the Fuero de León

The Spanish Parliament of the Kingdom of León (1188) was the first sample of modern parliamentarism in Western Europe's History.

After coming to the power, the King Alfonso IX, before the situation of crisis of Kingdom of León, attacked by their two neighbors, Castile and Portugal, he decided to summon the "Royal Curia".

This one was a medieval organisation composed by aristocrats and bishops. But, because of the gravity of the situation and ready to assemble the maximum political support, the king Alfonso IX took a revolutionary decision: he called the representatives of the urban middle class of the most important cities and assembled them with the nobility and the Church in "Cortes" or Parliament. For the first time since the Ancient Greece, not only the nobility and the Church were taking part in the elaboration of the laws of a country.

León's Parliament approached topics that today are the base of the juridical classification of any democratic state: the limits of the executive power, the defense of the citizen opposite to the power public and deprived of the epoch and especially, the cleanliness of the judicial processes.

In this respect it is necessary to to emphasize the right to the private property, the resource to being able to come to the Justice opposite to the King, the obligation of the King to consult to the Parliament to enter war, the "habeas corpus" and the inviolability of the domicile.

From León's Parliament, Europe's numerous kingdoms assembled parliaments with participation of the cities: England, Catalonia, Aragón, Valencia.

When the Founding Fathers of the United States of America elaborated the American constitution, one of the juridical models who studied they were the laws arisen from the parliament of the Kingdom of León.John Adams known the text of the Fuero of León in his travel to Spain, as it's related in his biography. —Preceding unsigned comment added by José-Vicente Álvarez (talk • contribs) 18:11, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

The unrefereced item added earler this week to the article claimed that Thomas Jefferson traveled Europe to do research for the US Constitution, and was influenced by the Leon Parliament. Now it's John Adams! The framing of the Constitution is well-documented by the framers themselves, and other writers of the time, and has been well researched since then. Therefore, I don't think it's unresonable to require a direct referece to the influence, not just inference. I have no problem giving credit where due, but it must be properly sourced. - BillCJ 18:25, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Typo in constitution

I am not an expert in this. But shouldn't there be any mention about the "Typo in constitution"? Google it and you will see what I am talking about.Farmanesh 01:00, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

The "typo" argument questions the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment. However, it is an pointless argument since "...public use without just compensation." and "...public use, without just compensation." mean the same thing. Political groups can argue it all they want to justify whichever side of the argument they are on regarding the Takings Clause, but legally it holds no relevance in the sense that it would not change any legal doctrine. As such, no, I do not believe it belongs in an article about the US Constitution. You may feel free to write a separate article and add it to a further reading section (or more appropriately under a "conspiracy theories and other pointless arguments" section, no offense intended), but it will do nothing to benefit the reader who is trying to learn about the constitution. Skyler1534 14:55, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

Gouverneur Morris

This article has zero mention of Gouverneur Morris, who was an author of a large part of this document. You'd think it would be relevant to mention him atleast once. 71.169.31.94 (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 18:10, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

GARRETT DAYTON

If you have a reliable source to cite, feel free to add him in. - BillCJ (talk) 23:25, 8 December 2007 (UTC)