Bayes filter
Bayes filter is an algorithm used in Computer Science for calculating the probabilities of multiple beliefs to allow a robot to infer its position and orientation. Essentially, Bayes Filters allow robots to continuously update their most likely position within a coordinate system, based on the most recently acquired sensor data. This is a recursive algorithm.
In a simple example, a robot moving throughout a grid may have several different sensors which provide it with information about its surroundings. The robot may start out with certainty that it is at position 0,0. However, as it moves further and further from its original position, the robot has continuously less certainty about it's position; Using Bayes filter, a probability can be assigned to the robots belief about it's current position, and that probability can be continuously updated from additional sensor information.